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pneumocystis jiroveci in children's

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38034833/clinical-effectiveness-and-safety-of-sirolimus-in-pediatric-patients-with-complex-vascular-anomalies-necessitating-personalized-and-comprehensive-approaches
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minji Kim, Kyung Taek Hong, Hyun Jin Park, Bo Kyung Kim, Jung Yoon Choi, Hyun-Young Kim, Hyoung Jin Kang
BACKGROUND: Managing complex vascular anomalies in pediatric care requires comprehensive approaches. Sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor with immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic properties, offers promise. We evaluated sirolimus's effectiveness and safety in pediatric patients with complex vascular anomalies at a tertiary children's hospital. METHODS: Our study included 20 patients, aged 1 month to 19 years, with diverse vascular anomalies resistant to conventional therapies or located in high-risk areas precluding surgery...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37265365/purine-antimetabolites-associated-pneumocystis-jiroveci-pneumonia
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lipin Lukose, Pawar Mansi Shantaram, Alan Raj, Gouri Nair, Aina M Shaju, Subeesh K Viswam
PURPOSE: To detect the possible safety signal of purine antimetabolites associated with pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia through disproportionality analysis in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database. METHODS: A case/non-case retrospective disproportionality analysis was performed in the publicly available FAERS database using AERSmine (2004Q1-2021Q3). Four models were developed to explore the signal strength of PAs among different populations with possible confounding factors...
June 2, 2023: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35509305/metagenomic-next-generation-sequencing-vs-traditional-pathogen-detection-in-the-diagnosis-of-infection-after-allogeneic-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation-in-children
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuhua Qu, Wenjiao Ding, Sha Liu, Xiaojing Wang, Pengfei Wang, Haiyan Liu, Han Xia, Yong Chen, Hua Jiang
Infection is a severe complication of allo-HSCT in children, however, the accurate detection of the infection is hard. In this study, we traced the records of 101 pediatric recipients with allo-HSCT to investigate the pathogens of infection, and collected 54 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 32 blood, and 15 cerebrospinal fluid samples. In these samples, 87 was with post-transplant infection and 14 without infection. Using the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and traditional pathogen detection, we compared their sensitivity and specificity to detect pathogens of infection...
2022: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34014622/opportunistic-illnesses-in-children-with-hiv-infection-in-the-united-states-1997-2016
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven R Nesheim, Alexandra Balaji, Xiaohong Hu, Margaret Lampe, Kenneth L Dominguez
BACKGROUND: Among children with HIV infection, opportunistic illness (OI) rates decreased after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1997. We evaluated whether such decreases have continued. METHODS: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National HIV Surveillance System for children with HIV living in the US during 1997-2016 was used to enumerate infants experiencing the first OI by birth year and OIs among all children <13 years of age (stratified by natality)...
July 1, 2021: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33710979/prophylaxis-with-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-is-not-necessary-in-children-with-solid-tumors-treated-with-low-medium-intensity-chemotherapy
#5
MULTICENTER STUDY
Cristina Meazza, Federica Galaverna, Maria Grazia Petris, Daniele Zama, Milena La Spina, Paola Muggeo, Ottavio Ziino, Monica Cellini, Elena Soncini, Angelica Barone, Raffaella De Santis, Katia Perruccio, Rossella Mura, Silvia Pascale, Federico Mercolini, Simone Cesaro
Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is a standard of care for children with hematologic malignancies, while its use in solid tumor patients is still debated. A retrospective study focusing on the use of PJP prophylaxis in patients with solid tumors was performed among 16 AIEOP centers: 1046/2863 patients did not receive prophylaxis and no cases of PJP were reported.
April 1, 2021: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32342105/a-tale-of-2-pneumos-the-impact-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-exposure-or-infection-status-on-pediatric-nasopharyngeal-carriage-of-streptococcus-pneumoniae-and-pneumocystis-jiroveci-a-nested-case-control-analysis-from-the-pneumonia-etiology-research-in-child
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingrid Y Camelo, Lawrence M Mwananyanda, Donald M Thea, Philip Seidenberg, Christopher J Gill, John R Weinstein
BACKGROUND: The majority of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in Africa reflect maternal-to-child transmission. HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) children have increased rates of morbidity and mortality when compared to HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU) children. The mechanisms behind these unexpected trends are only partially understood but could be explained by the differences in the immune response to infections triggered by an altered immune system state. METHODS: Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we compared the nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence and density of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) between children living with HIV and HEU or HUU cases (pneumonia) and controls (without pneumonia)...
February 15, 2020: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31164278/pneumocystis-jiroveci-pneumonia-in-taiwan-from-2014-to-2017-clinical-manifestations-and-outcomes-between-pediatric-and-adult-patients
#7
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Hsin-Yao Lee, Chun-Yi Lu, Ping-Ing Lee, Jong-Min Chen, Li-Min Huang, Luan-Yin Chang
BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is a severe and lethal opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised patients. As the increasing usage of immunosuppressants, the incidence of non-HIV related PJP has increased in recent years. Still, there is little research regarding children with PJP. The aim of this study is to understand PJP more among pediatric population. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of the patients with PJP in National Taiwan University Hospital from 2014 to 2017...
December 2019: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30451103/paediatric-deaths-in-a-tertiary-government-hospital-setting-malawi
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Harris, Rowena Mills, Ezgi Seager, Sarah Blackstock, Tamanda Hiwa, James Pumphrey, Josephine Langton, Neil Kennedy
Background : Malawisuccessfully achieved Millennium Development Goal (MDG) four by decreasing the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds in 2012. Despite this progress child mortality is still high and in 2013, the leading causes of death in under-5s were malaria, acute respiratory infections and HIV/AIDS. Aims : To determine the causes of inpatient child death including microbiological aetiologies in Malawi. Methods : A prospective, descriptive study was undertaken in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital over 12 months in 2015/2016...
November 2019: Paediatrics and International Child Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28691431/low-dose-computed-tomography-in-assessment-of-pulmonary-abnormalities-in-children-with-febrile-neutropenia-suffering-from-malignant-diseases
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz, Cyprian Olchowy, Mateusz Łasecki, Dąbrówka Sokołowska-Dąbek, Aleksander Pawluś, Jowita Frączkiewicz, Ewa Gorczyńska
BACKGROUND: Management of febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients is challenging. Chest X-ray and CT scan help to identify infective foci; however, exposure to radiation is a risk factor for development of secondary cancer. For this reason, attention is paid to reducing radiation exposure. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to define the role of LDCT examination in the early detection of pulmonary lesions in children during oncology or autoimmune treatment complicated by neutropenia-related fever...
July 2017: Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28149493/prevalence-of-colonization-and-mitochondrial-large-subunit-rrna-mutation-of-pneumocystis-jiroveci-among-iranian-children
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parisa Badiee, Ali Rezapour, Amin Abbasian, Hamid Reza Foroutan, Hadis Jafarian
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pneumocystis jiroveci is an important causative agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia. During childhood, exposure to Pneumocystis occurs and antibody was built in early childhood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiology of P. jiroveci in children without any respiratory syndrome and survey the distribution of different mitochondrial large subunit, ribosomal ribonucleic acid (mtLSU- rRNA) genotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mini-bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) fluids from pediatric patients with no history of lung disorders were obtained during a 14-month period...
October 2016: Iranian Journal of Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28145162/early-use-of-corticosteroids-in-infants-with-a-clinical-diagnosis-of-pneumocystis-jiroveci-pneumonia-in-malawi-a-double-blind-randomised-clinical-trial
#11
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Laura Newberry, Bernadette O'Hare, Neil Kennedy, Andrew Selman, Sofia Omar, Pamela Dawson, Kim Stevenson, Yo Nishihara, Samantha Lissauer, Elizabeth Molyneux
BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is the most common opportunistic infection in infants with vertically acquired HIV infection and the most common cause of death in HIV-infected infants. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether early administration of adjuvant corticosteroids in addition to standard treatment reduces mortality in infants with vertically acquired HIV and clinically diagnosed PJP when co-infection with cytomegalovirus and other pathogens cannot be excluded...
May 2017: Paediatrics and International Child Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28005039/-intrauterine-pneumocystis-infection
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E R Samitova, T N Ermak, I E Koltunov, A N Kislyakov, N V Karazhas, T N Rybalkina, M Yu Kornienko
Pneumocystosis is well known as an opportunistic infection that is presently most frequently registered in patients with HIV infection and in those with other immunodeficiency states. Earlier, after the Second World War, Pneumocystis pneumonia was most commonly detected in debilitated and premature children; nosocomial outbreaks of pneumocystosis were studied in detail in the 1960s and 1970s. The pathogen is transmitted through the air, but a number of references indicate that it can be transmitted through the placenta...
2016: Terapevticheskiĭ Arkhiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26361989/outcomes-of-patients-with-respiratory-distress-treated-with-bubble-cpap-on-a-pediatric-ward-in-malawi
#13
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Heather E Machen, Zondiwe V Mwanza, Jocelyn K Brown, Kondwani M Kawaza, Laura Newberry, Rebecca R Richards-Kortum, Z Maria Oden, Elizabeth M Molyneux
OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes of infants and young children with respiratory distress when treated with a novel, low-cost, stand-alone bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) system in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: A non-randomized, convenience sample study in a pediatric unit in Blantyre, Malawi, 2013. Patients weighing ≤10 kg with respiratory distress were eligible. We compared outcomes for patients with bronchiolitis, pneumonia and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) after treatment with bCPAP...
December 2015: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26155153/cytomegalovirus-pneumonia-as-the-first-manifestation-of-severe-combined-immunodeficiency
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aleksandra Szczawińska-Popłonyk, Katarzyna Jończyk-Potoczna, Lidia Ossowska, Anna Bręborowicz, Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska, Jacek Wachowiak
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by the absence of functional T lymphocytes and impairment of adaptive immunity. While heterogeneity of the genetic background in SCID leads to the variability of immune phenotypes, most of affected newborns appear healthy but within the first few months they develop life-threatening opportunistic respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infections. The objective of the study was to define the presenting features and etiology of infections in children with SCID...
2014: Central-European Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25830929/development-and-validation-of-an-hplc-uv-assay-to-quantify-plasma-levels-of-sulfametrol-a-preferential-antibiotic-in-children
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Birgit C P Koch, Sabina R Zabirova, Bart C H van der Nagel, Lidwien M Hanff
BACKGROUND: Sulfonamides in combination with trimethoprim are frequently used antibiotics. They work synergistic. In infections with Pneumocystis jiroveci or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, higher dosages are indicated than in other infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is warranted to assure the efficacy while limiting toxicity. Although trimethoprim in combination with sulfamethoxazole is the most common combination with established TDM target concentrations, the intravenous formulation is not suited for children because of its additives ethanol and propylene glycol to increase solubility...
October 2015: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24428093/clinical-risk-factors-on-survival-among-hiv-infected-children-born-to-hiv-infected-mothers
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bhunyabhadh Chaimay, Somkiattiyos Woradet, Sawanya Chantutanon, Supparaporn Phuntara, Kannika Suwanna
OBJECTIVE: The present study was to investigate clinical risk factors of survival among HIV-infected children born from HIV-infected mothers in the Southern region of Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data from routine prospective cohort studies between 1990 and 2010 were analyzed In these studies, 1,549 HIV-infected children born to HIV-infected mothers were enrolled at birth and followed longitudinally. Information on demographic, clinical manifestations, and HIV-infection status factors was collected Survival analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with mortality...
November 2013: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24288697/the-respiratory-presentation-of-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-in-two-mennonite-children-at-a-tertiary-centre-highlighting-the-importance-of-recognizing-this-pediatric-emergency
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon Lam, Fotini Dimitriou Kavadas, Seemab Haider, Mary Elizabeth Noseworthy
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is considered to be a pediatric emergency, with respiratory distress being the most common presenting symptom. The authors present two cases of SCID in children <4 months of age with respiratory distress at a tertiary care centre due to a recently described homozygous CD3 delta mutation found only in the Mexican Mennonite population. Failure to respond to broad-spectrum antibiotics prompted investigation for possible SCID. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid from both patients grew Pneumocystis jiroveci, and flow cytometry revealed absent T cells...
January 2014: Canadian Respiratory Journal: Journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24030353/efficacy-and-tolerability-of-intravenous-pentamidine-isethionate-for-pneumocystis-jiroveci-prophylaxis-in-a-pediatric-oncology-population
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Etan Orgel, Teresa Rushing
Cancer therapy routinely requires Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis. In those intolerant of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, aerosolized pentamidine is convenient and effective. Intravenous pentamidine is often substituted in young children but its efficacy remains controversial. In this retrospective study of a large pediatric oncology cohort, we confirm intravenous pentamidine to be effective and well-tolerated as second-line prophylaxis across all ages.
March 2014: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23654066/when-to-think-of-immunodeficiency
#19
REVIEW
Andrew Cant, Alexandra Battersby
Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), although rare, are serious and heightened clinical suspicion leads to earlier diagnosis and improved outcome. Recognition of PIDs may be difficult as infections are common in young children in particular. Clues to the diagnosis of PID may be found in history, examination and initial basic investigations such as lymphocyte count. Age at presentation, type of infective organism and family history help focus on likely PIDs. Type of infective organism may indicate a specific PID, for example Aspergillus and Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Pneumocystis Jiroveci and SCID amongst others...
2013: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23282551/-prophylaxis-against-pneumocystis-pneumonia-in-pediatric-and-adult-patients-undergoing-solid-organ-or-hematopoietic-stem-cells-transplantation
#20
REVIEW
M Pilar Gambra, Teresa Bidart
Pneumocystis jiroveci is an important pathogen in patients undergoing SOT and HSCT. Universal prophylaxis is recommended for all adults and children with SOT and HSCT, considering that its use significantly reduces the occurrence and mortality associated with pneumonia by this agent. The drug of choice is cotrimoxazole (A1) three times a week, low-dose scheme, that has proved equally effective and better tolerated than the daily regimen and/or at high doses. Prophylaxis starts 7 to 14 days post transplant in SOT recipients and post-implant in HSCT, with an average duration of 6 months except in liver and lung transplant as in HSCT with significant degree of immunosuppression, that lasts for 1 year...
September 2012: Revista Chilena de Infectología: órgano Oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología
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