keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38606867/global-practice-patterns-and-variations-in-the-medical-and-surgical-management-of-non-obstructive-azoospermia-results-of-a-world-wide-survey-guidelines-and-expert-recommendations
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amarnath Rambhatla, Rupin Shah, Imad Ziouziou, Priyank Kothari, Gianmaria Salvio, Murat Gul, Taha Hamoda, Parviz Kavoussi, Widi Atmoko, Tuncay Toprak, Ponco Birowo, Edmund Ko, Mohamed Arafa, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Eric Chung, Ahmed M Harraz, Marlon Martinez, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc, Nicholas Tadros, Ramadan Saleh, Missy Savira, Giovanni M Colpi, Wael Zohdy, Edoardo Pescatori, Hyun Jun Park, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Akira Tsujimura, Cesar Rojas-Cruz, Angelo Marino, Siu King Mak, Edouard Amar, Wael Ibrahim, Puneet Sindhwani, Naif Alhathal, Gian Maria Busetto, Manaf Al Hashimi, Ahmed El-Sakka, Asci Ramazan, Fotios Dimitriadis, Massimiliano Timpano, Davor Jezek, Baris Altay, Daniel Suslik Zylbersztejn, Michael Yc Wong, Du Geon Moon, Christine Wyns, Safar Gamidov, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Alessandro Franceschelli, Kaan Aydos, Nguyen Quang, Shedeed Ashour, Adel Al Dayel, Mohammed S Al-Marhoon, Sava Micic, Saleh Binsaleh, Alayman Hussein, Haitham Elbardisi, Taymour Mostafa, Jonathan Ramsay, Athanasios Zachariou, Islam Fathy Soliman Abdelrahman, Osvaldo Rajmil, Arif Kalkanli, Juan Manuel Corral Molina, Kadir Bocu, Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa, Gökhan Çeker, Ege Can Serefoglu, Fahmi Bahar, Nazim Gherabi, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Abderrazak Bouzouita, Ahmet Gudeloglu, Erman Ceyhan, Mohamed Saeed Mohamed Hasan, Muhammad Ujudud Musa, Ahmad Motawi, Chak-Lam Cho, Hisanori Taniguchi, Christopher Chee Kong Ho, Jesus Fernando Solorzano Vazquez, Shingai Mutambirwa, Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor, Marion Bendayan, Carlo Giulioni, Aykut Baser, Marco Falcone, Luca Boeri, Gideon Blecher, Alireza Kheradmand, Tamilselvi Sethupathy, Ricky Adriansjah, Nima Narimani, Charalampos Konstantinidis, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, Andrian Japari, Parisa Dolati, Keerti Singh, Cevahir Ozer, Selcuk Sarikaya, Nadia Sheibak, Ndagijimana Jean Bosco, Mehmet Serkan Özkent, Sang Thanh Le, Ioannis Sokolakis, Darren Katz, Ryan Smith, Manh Nguyen Truong, Tan V Le, Zhongwei Huang, Muslim Dogan Deger, Umut Arslan, Gokhan Calik, Giorgio Franco, Ayman Rashed, Oguzhan Kahraman, Sotiris Andreadakis, Rosadi Putra, Giancarlo Balercia, Kareim Khalafalla, Rossella Cannarella, Anh Ðăng Tuân, Amr El Meliegy, Birute Zilaitiene, Marlene Lizbeth Zamora Ramirez, Filippo Giacone, Aldo E Calogero, Konstantinos Makarounis, Sunil Jindal, Bac Nguyen Hoai, Ravi Banthia, Marcelo Rodriguez Peña, Dharani Moorthy, Aram Adamyan, Deniz Kulaksiz, Hussein Kandil, Nikolaos Sofikitis, Ciro Salzano, Andreas Jungwirth, Surendra Reddy Banka, Tiago Cesar Mierzwa, Tahsin Turunç, Divyanu Jain, Armen Avoyan, Pietro Salacone, Ateş Kadıoğlu, Chirag Gupta, Haocheng Lin, Iman Shamohammadi, Nasser Mogharabian, Trenton Barrett, Yavuz Onur Danacıoğlu, Andrea Crafa, Salima Daoud, Vineet Malhotra, Abdulmalik Almardawi, Osama Mohamed Selim, Mohamad Moussa, Saeid Haghdani, Mesut Berkan Duran, Yannic Kunz, Mirko Preto, Elena Eugeni, Thang Nguyen, Ahmed Rashad Elshahid, Seso Sulijaya Suyono, Dyandra Parikesit, Essam Nada, Eduardo Gutiérrez Orozco, Florence Boitrelle, Nguyen Thi Minh Trang, Mounir Jamali, Raju Nair, Mikhail Ruzaev, Franco Gadda, Charalampos Thomas, Raphael Henrique Ferreira, Umit Gul, Serena Maruccia, Ajay Kanbur, Ella Kinzikeeva, Saad Mohammed Abumelha, Raghavender Kosgi, Fatih Gokalp, Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi, Gustavo Marquesine Paul, Hesamoddin Sajadi, Deepak Gupte, Rafael F Ambar, Emrullah Sogutdelen, Karun Singla, Ari Basukarno, Shannon Hee Kyung Kim, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani, Koichi Nagao, Sakti Ronggowardhana Brodjonegoro, Andri Rezano, Mohamed Elkhouly, Rossella Mazzilli, Hasan M A Farsi, Hung Nguyen Ba, Hamed Alali, Dimitrios Kafetzis, Tran Quang Tien Long, Sami Alsaid, Hoang Bao Ngoc Cuong, Knigavko Oleksandr, Akhmad Mustafa, Herik Acosta, Hrishikesh Pai, Bahadır Şahin, Eko Arianto, Colin Teo, Sanjay Prakash Jayaprakash, Rinaldo Indra Rachman, Mustafa Gurkan Yenice, Omar Sefrioui, Shivam Priyadarshi, Marko Tanic, Noor Kareem Alfatlaw, Fikri Rizaldi, Ranjit B Vishwakarma, George Kanakis, Dinesh Thomas Cherian, Joe Lee, Raisa Galstyan, Hakan Keskin, Janan Wurzacher, Doddy Hami Seno, Bambang S Noegroho, Ria Margiana, Qaisar Javed, Fabrizio Castiglioni, Raman Tanwar, Ana Puigvert, Coşkun Kaya, Medianto Purnomo, Chadi Yazbeck, Azwar Amir, Edson Borges, Marina Bellavia, Isaac Ardianson Deswanto, Vinod Kv, Giovanni Liguori, Dang Hoang Minh, Kashif Siddiqi, Fulvio Colombo, Armand Zini, Niket Patel, Selahittin Çayan, Ula Al-Kawaz, Maged Ragab, Guadalupe Hernández Hebrard, Jean de la Rosette, Ozan Efesoy, Ivan Hoffmann, Thiago Afonso Teixeira, Barış Saylam, Daniela Delgadillo, Ashok Agarwal
PURPOSE: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a common, but complex problem, with multiple therapeutic options and a lack of clear guidelines. Hence, there is considerable controversy and marked variation in the management of NOA. This survey evaluates contemporary global practices related to medical and surgical management for patients with NOA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 56-question online survey covering various aspects of the evaluation and management of NOA was sent to specialists around the globe...
April 4, 2024: World Journal of Men's Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38554764/editorial-ex-vivo-onco-testis-microdissection
#2
EDITORIAL
Stanton Charles Honig
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 28, 2024: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455658/infertility-in-fabry-s-disease-role-of-hypoxia-and-inflammation-in-determining-testicular-damage
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luigi Sansone, Federica Barreca, Manuel Belli, Michele Aventaggiato, Andrea Russo, Giulietta A Perrone, Matteo A Russo, Marco Tafani, Andrea Frustaci
INTRODUCTION: Fabry's disease (FD) is a genetic X-linked systemic and progressive rare disease characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GB3) into the lysosomes of many tissues. FD is due to loss-of-function mutations of α-galactosidase, a key-enzyme for lysosomal catabolism of glycosphingolipids, which accumulate as glycolipid bodies (GB). In homozygous males the progressive deposition of GB3 into the cells leads to clinical symptoms in CNS, skin, kidney, etc...
2024: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421140/a-detection-model-of-testis-derived-circular-rnas-in-serum-for-predicting-testicular-sperm-retrieval-rate-in-non-obstructive-azoospermia-patients
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mo-Qi Lv, Yan-Qi Yang, Yi-Xin Li, Liang Zhou, Pan Ge, Rui-Fang Sun, Jian Zhang, Jun-Cheng Gao, Liu-Qing Qu, Qi-Ya Jing, Pin-Cheng Li, Yu-Jia Yan, Hai-Xu Wang, He-Cheng Li, Dang-Xia Zhou
BACKGROUND: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction is an effective method to retrieve sperm from non-obstructive azoospermia patients. However, its successful rate is less than 50%. OBJECTIVES: To identify the predictive value of circular RNAs in serum for sperm retrieval rate in non-obstructive azoospermia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 180 non-obstructive azoospermia patients were recruited in this study, including 84 individuals with successful sperm retrieval and 96 individuals with failed sperm retrieval...
February 29, 2024: Andrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403108/ex-vivo-microscopic-onco-testicular-sperm-extraction-step-by-step-surgical-technique-at-time-of-radical-orchiectomy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher K Villota, Sean W Hou, Clark Judge, Scott Eggener, Gladell Paner, Omer A Raheem
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the intraoperative surgical techniques required for a simultaneous radical orchiectomy and microscopic onco-testicular sperm extraction (m-OncoTESE) in step- by-step fashion. DESIGN: Video presentation. SETTING: University hospital (University of Chicago). PATIENT(S): A 37-year-old male (status post right orchiectomy at another institution for stage II-C testicular seminoma with positive preoperative tumor markers) was referred for contralateral orchiectomy for multifocal left testis mass and fertility preservation...
February 23, 2024: Fertility and Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38394502/case-report-remedial-microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction-after-onco-microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction-failure
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi Zheng, Ding-Ming Li, Fu-Ping Li, Xiao-Hui Jiang, Luo Yang, Rui Qu, Heng-Zhou Bai, Gui-Cheng Zhao, Kun Tian
BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer (TC) mostly occurs in men aged 14 to 44. Studies have shown that TC seriously damages male fertility, and 6% to 24% of patients with TC were even found to suffer from azoospermia when they are diagnosed. At present, some studies have pointed out that onco-microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) can extract sperm from tumor testicles. However, there are almost no reports on remedial measures after onco-mTESE failure. Given the valuable opportunity for fertility preservation in patients with TC and azoospermia, it is necessary to provide effective remedial methods for patients with failed onco-mTESE...
February 23, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38262439/microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron Brant, Peter N Schlegel
Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is among the most common causes of male infertility. For men with NOA seeking fertility treatment, microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) is the best option for retrieving sperm, which can be used with in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection to achieve pregnancy in their partner. With the aid of the operating microscope, microTESE allows for thorough evaluation of the testis tissue and selection of seminiferous tubules that appear most capable of sperm production...
January 23, 2024: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38140699/results-from-the-first-autologous-grafting-of-adult-human-testis-tissue-a-case-report
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Fuglesang S Jensen, Linn Salto Mamsen, Danyang Wang, Mikkel Fode, Aleksander Giwercman, Niels Jørgensen, Dana A Ohl, Jens Fedder, Eva R Hoffmann, Claus Yding Andersen, Jens Sønksen
Fertility restoration using autologous testicular tissue transplantation is relevant for infertile men surviving from childhood cancer and, possibly, in men with absent or incomplete spermatogenesis resulting in the lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate (non-obstructive azoospermia, NOA). Currently, testicular tissue from pre-pubertal boys extracted before treatment with gonadotoxic cancer therapy can be cryopreserved with good survival of spermatogonial stem cells. However, strategies for fertility restoration, after successful cancer treatment, are still experimental and no clinical methods have yet been developed...
February 1, 2024: Human Reproduction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37873937/age-sperm-retrieval-and-testicular-histology-in-klinefelter-syndrome
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Kang, Nahid Punjani, James A Kashanian, Peter N Schlegel
PURPOSE: We sought to examine sperm retrieval and testicular histology in males of different ages with Klinefelter syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified all males with Klinefelter syndrome who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction at our institution from 1995 to 2020. Patients were divided into adolescent (<20 years) and adult (≥20 years) cohorts. Histology and sperm retrieval were compared using chi-square statistics. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with successful sperm retrieval...
October 24, 2023: Journal of Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37663123/screening-y-chromosome-microdeletion-in-1121-men-with-low-sperm-concentration-and-the-outcomes-of-microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction-mtese-for-sperm-retrieval-from-azoospermic-patients
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Son The Trinh, Nhat Ngoc Nguyen, Hien Thi Thu Le, Hanh Thi My Pham, Sang Tien Trieu, Ngoc Thao My Tran, Hung Sy Ho, Danh Van Tran, Tam Van Trinh, Hiep Trong Hoang Nguyen, Ngoc Pham Minh, Trinh Duc Dang, Viet Huu Dinh, Hang Thi Doan
BACKGROUND: The Y chromosome has a specific region, namely the Azoospermia Factor (AZF) because azoospermia is typically reported in the microdeletion of the AZF region. This study aims to assess the characteristics of AZF microdeletion after screening a massive number of low sperm concentration men; and the Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) outcomes for retrieving sperm from azoospermic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective multiple-center study enrolled a total of 1121 men with azoospermia, cryptozoospermia, and severe oligozoospermia from December 2016 to June 2022...
2023: Application of Clinical Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37577912/evaluation-of-predicting-factors-affecting-sperm-retrieval-in-patients-with-klinefelter-syndrome-a-prospective-study
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fereshteh Aliakbari, Neda Taghizabet, Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi, Hamid Kalantari, Ahmad Vosough Dizaj, Maryam Mohammadi, Hesamoddin Sajadi, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the predicting factors affecting sperm retrieval. We prospectively assessed the relationship between sonographic and microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) findings in Klinefelter syndrome (KS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 44 azoospermic men with 47, XXY karyotypes participated in this study. In order to evaluate the amount of blood supply in different parts of testicular tissue, a doppler ultra-sonographic was performed...
August 7, 2023: International Journal of Fertility & Sterility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37558984/testicular-sperm-aspiration-has-a-poor-effect-in-predicting-micro-tese-outcomes-in-noa-patients-with-azfc-deletion
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chenyao Deng, Jiaming Mao, Lianming Zhao, Defeng Liu, Haocheng Lin, Zhe Zhang, Yuzhuo Yang, Haitao Zhang, Kai Hong, Hui Jiang
BACKGROUND: Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) is widely used in the diagnosis and management of nonobstructive azoospermia. However, its ability for predicting microdissection testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients with AZFc deletion remains uncertain. To investigate whether TESA affected the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) in NOA patients with AZFc deletion, a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of NOA patients with AZFc deletion who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) was conducted...
August 10, 2023: Basic and Clinical Andrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37512038/onco-tese-testicular-sperm-extraction-insights-from-a-tertiary-center-and-comprehensive-literature-analysis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorenzo Cirigliano, Marco Falcone, Murat Gül, Mirko Preto, Carlo Ceruti, Natalia Plamadeala, Federica Peretti, Ilaria Ferro, Martina Scavone, Paolo Gontero
Background and Objectives : The peak of incidence of testicular cancer (TC) occurs among individuals in their reproductive age, emphasizing the importance of fertility preservation as an integral aspect of disease management. Sperm cryopreservation performed before orchiectomy is ineffective in azoospermic men, necessitating alternative approaches such as microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) at the time of orchiectomy (onco-mTESE) to obtain viable sperm. This study presents the findings from our institution's experience with onco-mTESE and critically discusses our results in light of the existing body of literature...
June 29, 2023: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37210678/microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction-mtese-outcomes-in-azoospermic-patients-with-bilateral-orchidopexy
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamid Arasteh, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani, Mahdi Ramezani-Binabaj, Mehdi Babaei
BACKGROUND: Cryptorchidism is considered to be one of the most common causes of non-obstructive azoospermia. There are several surgical techniques to retrieve sperm in these patients. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE) is a recent sperm retrieval technique which is considered to be a safe, non-blind, and feasible method. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate sperm retrieval rate by mTESE method in patients who have undergone orchidopexy due to bilateral cryptorchidism...
May 21, 2023: Andrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37087050/germ-cell-specific-proteins-akap4-and-aspx-facilitate-identification-of-rare-spermatozoa-in-non-obstructive-azoospermia
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junyan Zhang, Mirzo Kanoatov, Keith Jarvi, Andree Gauthier-Fisher, Sergey I Moskovtsev, Clifford Librach, Andrei P Drabovich
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), the most severe form of male infertility, could be treated with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection, providing spermatozoa were retrieved with the microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE). We hypothesized that testis- and germ cell-specific proteins would facilitate flow cytometry-assisted identification of rare spermatozoa in semen cell pellets of NOA patients, thus enabling non-invasive diagnostics prior to mTESE. Data mining, targeted proteomics, and immunofluorescent microscopy identified and verified a panel of highly testis-specific proteins expressed at the continuum of germ cell differentiation...
April 20, 2023: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics: MCP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36930357/touch-print-smear-of-testicular-tissue-with-thionine-stain-for-intraoperative-diagnosis-in-azoospermic-men
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
I-Shen Huang, Wei-Jen Chen, Li-Hua Li, Eric Yi-Hsiu Huang, Jen-Fan Hang, Chih-Yi Hsu, Chin-Chen Pan, Robert E Brannigan, William J Huang
PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic value of testicular tissue touch print smear (TPS) conducted on azoospermic patients with results obtained from histopathology and in vitro fertility (IVF) lab findings. METHODS: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction was performed on a group of 148 azoospermic patients and testicular samples obtained intraoperatively. Using TPS, the samples were smeared onto a sterile slide, followed with staining using thionine. The testis tissue bulk samples were also transferred to the IVF lab, and determinations of sperm presence or absence obtained from IVF lab tests were compared with the TPS sample results...
March 17, 2023: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36873127/histological-and-immunohistochemical-outcomes-after-microdissection-tese-in-contrast-with-hormonal-profile-testis-volume-and-genetics-in-patients-with-azoospermia
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iurii Arian, Ion Dumbraveanu, Victoria Ghenciu, Daniela Machidon, Ion Ernu, Emil Ceban
A limited number of individuals with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) may recover spermatozoa through traditional testicular sperm extraction (TESE) techniques. There is an ongoing debate over the effectiveness of microdissection TESE compared to standard TESE methods. Microdissection TESE (micro-TESE) techniques enable the identification of spermatogenesis foci in non-obstructive forms of azoospermia. Only histological examination can provide an objective and definitive assessment of the testicular phenotype...
January 2023: Journal of Medicine and Life
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36629064/a-dual-center-study-of-predictive-factors-for-sperm-retrieval-through-microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction-and-intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-outcomes-in-men-with-non-mosaic-klinefelter-syndrome
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jong Hyeun Baeck, Tae Jin Kim, Tae Heon Kim, Seung-Ryeol Lee, Dong Soo Park, Hwang Kwon, Ji Eun Shin, Dong Hyeon Lee, Young Dong Yu
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the predictors of sperm retrieval (SR) in non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients undergoing microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (mTESE). The cutoff values of the predictors of SR and overall pregnancy rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were analyzed for the positive SR (PSR) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a dual-center retrospective study. Overall 118 patients with KS underwent mTESE between January 2011 and July 2021...
January 2023: Investigative and Clinical Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36416145/a-complete-dissection-of-the-whole-testicular-parenchyma-is-required-in-most-patients-with-nonobstructive-azoospermia-to-obtain-enough-good-quality-testicular-spermatozoa-for-icsi
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ettore Caroppo, Fabrizio Castiglioni, Franco Nerva, Elisabetta Maria Colpi, Giacomo Gazzano, Giovanni Maria Colpi
BACKGROUND: Due to the heterogeneous distribution of seminiferous tubules (STs) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), retrieving enough good quality spermatozoa for ICSI may require a complete testicular dissection. According to the only available study in this field, spermatozoa may be found in the testis surface in 34.2% of patients, while a deeper testicular dissection is able to provide spermatozoa for ICSI in 28% of those without spermatozoa in the testis surface. OBJECTIVES: To determine the probability of finding enough spermatozoa for ICSI at the initial wide incision of the testis in a cohort of men with NOA undergoing microdissection testicular spermatozoa extraction (mTESE)...
March 2023: Andrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36346204/feasibility-of-repeat-microdissection-testicular-sperm-extraction-within-6-months-for-non-obstructive-azoospermia
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meng-Che Tai, I-Shen Huang, Chen-Yu Huang, William J Huang
BACKGROUND: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) is the mainstay of sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Some experts believe that a resting period of ≥6 months is required between procedures to ensure better sperm retrieval rates and fewer complications. However, no scientific studies have investigated how long patients should wait before arranging a second mTESE procedure. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether good success rates are still achieved when a repeat mTESE procedure is performed within 6 months...
November 8, 2022: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA
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