LTCC

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is characterized by severe and fatal arrhythmias induced by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (CIR). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these arrhythmias are still little understood. To investigate the cardioprotective role of the cardiac Ca2+ /cAMP/adenosine signaling pathway in AMI, L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) were blocked with either nifedipine (NIF) or verapamil (VER), with or without A1 -adenosine (ADO), receptors (A1 R), antagonist (DPCPX), or cAMP efflux blocker probenecid (PROB), and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB), and lethality (LET) induced by CIR in rats was evaluated...

A microwave transmitter/receiver using the low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate and ball grid array packaging demonstrates superior properties, including high integration, miniaturization, and high electromagnetic shielding. However, it holds limitations of inadequate hermeticity (that is, gas or moist impermeability), high cost, and low reproducibility. In this work, we aim to overcome these difficulties by introducing a new packing technique. The packaging utilizes an electroless plated Ni/Pd/Au surface, resulting in a significant enhancement of the packaging hermeticity by orders of magnitude, approaching the level of <5 × 10-9 Pa·m3 /s...

The transport of cations in the cardiomyocytes, crucial for the functioning of the heart, can be affected by walnut diet due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Healthy and metabolically compromised rats (drinking 10% fructose solution) were subjected to a diet supplemented with 2.4 g of walnuts for 6 weeks to investigate the effect on proteins involved in cation transport in the heart cells. Fructose increased the level of the α 1 subunit of Na+ /K+ -ATPase and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the heart of control and walnut-eating rats, while elevated L-type calcium channel α (LTCC α ), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and Maxi K α level were observed only in rats that did not consume walnuts...

A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for the synthesis of CDs and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic platform, which automatically performs a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) protocol for the determination of heavy metal ions in water by CD fluorescence quenching...

Germline de novo missense variants of the CACNA1D gene, encoding the pore-forming α1-subunit of Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), have been found in patients with neurodevelopmental and endocrine dysfunction, but their disease-causing potential is unproven. These variants alter channel gating enabling enhanced Cav1.3 activity, suggesting Cav1.3 inhibition as a potential therapeutic option. Here we provide direct proof of the disease-causing nature of such gating-modifying CACNA1D variants using mice (Cav1...

Myocardial dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with severe sepsis. However, effective drugs for the prevention of myocardial dysfunction and the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain elusive. The present study demonstrated that Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) could improve cardiac dysfunction in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rodents and in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model in vitro . Echocardiography and histopathological examination were used to detect changes in cardiac structure and function...

Phantom tooth pain (PTP) is a rare and specific neuropathic pain that occurs after pulpectomy and tooth extraction, but its cause is not understood. We hypothesized that there is a genetic contribution to PTP. The present study focused on the CACNA1C gene, which encodes the α1C subunit of the Cav 1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) that has been reported to be associated with neuropathic pain in previous studies. We investigated genetic polymorphisms that contribute to PTP. We statistically examined the association between genetic polymorphisms and PTP vulnerability in 33 patients with PTP and 118 patients without PTP but with pain or dysesthesia in the orofacial region...

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs, such as bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol B (BPB), are often simultaneously detected in environmental and human specimens. Thus, assessing the toxicity of bisphenol (BP) mixtures is more relevant than assessing that of each BP type. Here, we found that BPs, individually or in a mixture, concentration-dependently and additively increased the mortality of zebrafish embryos (ZFEs) at 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and induced bradycardia (i.e., reduced heart rate) at 48 hpf, indicating their cardiotoxic potency...

Clustering of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) in the plasma membrane is increasingly implicated in creating highly localized Ca2+ signaling nanodomains. For example, neuronal LTCC activation can increase phosphorylation of the nuclear CREB transcription factor by increasing Ca2+ concentrations within a nanodomain close to the channel, without requiring bulk Ca2+ increases in the cytosol or nucleus. However, the molecular basis for LTCC clustering is poorly understood. The postsynaptic scaffolding protein Shank3 specifically associates with one of the major neuronal LTCCs, the CaV 1...

SCOPE: Perinatal high-fat diets (PHF) can influence fetal/neonate development, resulting in cardiovascular pathogenesis, but precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study tests aldosterone receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx and the underlying mechanisms influenced by PHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Maternal S.D. rats receive PHF during pregnancy and lactation periods. Their male offspring are fed normal diets after weaning for four months. Mesenteric arteries (MA) are for electrophysiological testing, Ca2+ imaging, target gene expression, and promotor methylation...

Although the negative effects coming along with opiate withdrawal are in part modulated by L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), the distinctive physiological properties and functions of LTCCs subtypes suggest differential roles of subtypes during withdrawal. The present study aimed to examine the contributions of LTCC subtypes, Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3, within the dorsal hippocampus (DH) in naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal using the conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm. Firstly, we injected the non-specific LTCCs antagonist verapamil into the DH of morphine-dependent rats before conditioning an environment with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal...

The cellular mechanisms mediating norepinephrine functions in brain to result in behaviors are unknown. We identified the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) CaV 1.2 as a principal target for Gq -coupled a1-adrenergic receptors (ARs). a1 AR signaling increased LTCC activity in hippocampal neurons. This regulation required PKC-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and, downstream, Src. Pyk2 and Src were associated with CaV 1.2. In model neuroendocrine PC12 cells, stimulation of PKC induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CaV 1...

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BACKGROUND: Beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2 ARs) but not beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β1 ARs) form a functional complex with L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) on the cardiomyocyte membrane. However, how microdomain localization in the plasma membrane affects the function of these complexes is unknown. We aim to study the coupling between LTCC and β adrenergic receptors in different cardiomyocyte microdomains, the distinct involvement of PKA and CAMKII (Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and explore how this functional complex is disrupted in heart failure...

Ventricular repolarization shows notable sex-specificity, with female sex being associated with longer QT-intervals in electrocardiography irrespective of the species studied. From a clinical point of view, women are at a greater risk for drug-induced torsade de pointes and symptomatic long-QT syndrome. Here, we present an optical mapping (OM) approach to reveal sex-specific action potential (AP) heterogeneity in a slice preparation of mouse hearts. Left ventricular epicardial repolarization in female versus male mice shows longer and, interindividually, more variable AP duration (APD), yielding a less prominent transmural APD gradient...

Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous, calcium-sensing protein that regulates a multitude of processes throughout the body. In response to changes in [Ca2+ ], CaM modifies, activates, and deactivates enzymes and ion channels, as well as many other cellular processes. The importance of CaM is highlighted by the conservation of an identical amino acid sequence in all mammals. Alterations to CaM amino acid sequence were once thought to be incompatible with life. During the last decade modifications to the CaM protein sequence have been observed in patients suffering from life-threatening heart disease (calmodulinopathy)...

Recent person Re-IDentification (ReID) systems have been challenged by changes in personnel clothing, leading to the study of Cloth-Changing person ReID (CC-ReID). Commonly used techniques involve incorporating auxiliary information (e.g., body masks, gait, skeleton, and keypoints) to accurately identify the target pedestrian. However, the effectiveness of these methods heavily relies on the quality of auxiliary information and comes at the cost of additional computational resources, ultimately increasing system complexity...

Endemic fluorosis (EF) has been listed as one of the serious public health problems in many countries. Long-term exposure to high fluoride can lead to severe neuropathological damage to the brain. Although long-term research has revealed the mechanism of some brain inflammation caused by excessive fluoride, the role of intercellular interactions, especially immune cells, in brain damage is still unclear. Fluoride can induce ferroptosis and inflammation in the brain in our study. A co-culture system of neutrophil extranets and primary neuronal cells showed that fluoride can aggravate neuronal cell inflammation by causing neutrophil extranets (NETs)...

BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibody (MAB) treatments for COVID-19 received Emergency Use Authorization in the United States. METHODS: We used surveillance data from Rhode Island to conduct a retrospective, statewide cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of MABs for preventing hospitalization and death during periods when Alpha and Delta variants were predominant. RESULTS: From 1/17/2021-10/26/2021, 285 long-term congregate care (LTCC) residents and 3,113 non-congregate patients met our eligibility criteria and received MAB; they were matched to 285 and 6,226 controls, respectively...

ZnT1 is a major zinc transporter that regulates cellular zinc homeostasis. We have previously shown that ZnT1 have additional functions which are independent of its activity as a Zn2+ extruder. These include inhibition of the L type calcium channel (LTCC) through interaction with the auxiliary β-subunit of the LTCC and activation of the Raf-ERK signaling leading to augmented activity of the T-type calcium channel (TTCC). Our findings indicate that ZnT1 increases TTCC activity by enhancing the trafficking of the channel to the plasma membrane...