Urine Drug screen

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) remain a high priority population under the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative with 11% of new HIV infections attributable to injection drug use. There is a critical need for innovative, efficacious, scalable, and community-driven models of healthcare in non-stigmatizing settings for PWID. We seek to test a Comprehensive-TeleHarm Reduction (C-THR) intervention for HIV prevention services delivered via a syringe services program (SSP)...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the world population and it is associated with progression to end stage kidney disease and increased morbidity and mortality. The advent of multi-omics technologies has expanded our knowledge on the complexity of kidney diseases, revealing their frequent genetic etiology, particularly in young subjects. Genetic heterogeneity and drug screening require patient-derived disease models to establish a correct diagnosis and evaluate new potential treatments and outcome...

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Drug screening tests are mandatory in the search for drugs in forensic biological samples, and immunological methods and mass spectrometry (e.g., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) are commonly used for that purpose. However, these methods have some drawbacks, and developing new screening methods is required. In this study, we develop a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PESI-MS/MS), which is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry method, for human urine, named RaDPi-U...

Substance misuse is a major problem among individuals involved in forensic-correctional mental health services. Urine drug screening detects substance use and deters the entry of contraband into forensic-correctional units, albeit with limitations. For example, a point-of-care urine sample may not be possible and patients can alter or substitute samples to avoid detection, highlighting the role of ancillary tools to detect contraband substances. This study describes the pattern and types of substances detected from environmental samples using a gas chromatographic analyzer (TeknoScan TSI3000) in forensic-correctional populations to model the benefits of similar tools in similar settings...

INTRODUCTION: While known animal exposures to human "drugs of abuse" (DA) were previously considered relatively uncommon in veterinary medicine, the trends are changing. Marijuana and amphetamines are among the 20 toxicants most frequently consulted about with the Pet Poison Helpline. When such exposures occur, they are typically considered emergencies. METHODS: This retrospective study describes confirmed cases of DA exposure in pets from the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), 2013-2023...

IMPORTANCE: Young children are ingesting illicit drugs at increased rates, but it is unknown what the associated child protection system (CPS) responses are when a child tests positive. OBJECTIVE: To document the child protection system involvement and the characteristics of children who test positive for illicit substances. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cross-sectional study linked medical discharge and child protection system administrative data...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-lasting metabolic non-communicable disease often characterized by an increase in the level of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia. Approximately, 415 million people between the ages of 20 and 79 years had DM in 2015 and this figure will rise by 200 million by 2040. In a study conducted by CARRS, it's been found that in Delhi the prevalence of diabetes is around 27% and for prediabetic cases, it is more than 46%. The disease DM can be both short-term and long-term and is often associated with one or more diseases like cardiovascular disease, liver disorder, or kidney malfunction...

This study aimed to synthesize current literature regarding the impact of social vulnerability on pregnancy-related substance use detection in the United States and highlight disparities in substance use detection practices. Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, PubMed (includes MEDLINE), and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): (["pregnancy" or "prenatal"] AND ["substance use screening" or "urine toxicology testing" or "toxicology testing" or "urine drug screening" or "CRAFFT" or "4P's" or "4P's Plus" or "NIDA Quick Screen" or "DAST-10" or "SURP-P" or "WIDUS"], AND ("bias" or "disparities" or "social vulnerability"])...

BACKGROUND: The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been estimated to be the highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The current study estimated the proportion of drug-resistant Enterobacterales causing infections in SSA children. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify retrospective and prospective studies published from 01/01/2005 to 01/06/2022 reporting AMR of Enterobacterales causing infections in sub-Saharan children (0-18 years old)...

OBJECTIVE: Bupropion, a monocyclic antidepressant, aids in smoking cessation, treats major depression, and prevents severe depression in seasonal affective disorder patients. Yet, its adverse reactions remain insufficiently studied. METHODS: All data from the raw data packages for 78 quarters from the 1st quarter of 2004 to the 2nd quarter of 2023 were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and imported into the SAS9.4 software for data cleaning and analysis...

To analyze the metabolites (blood, urine and feces) in normal rats after intragastric administration of the decoction of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex (PAC) and to map the metabolic profile of PAC in vivo of rat; meanwhile, to evaluate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effect of PAC by blood metabolomics technique and to explore its mechanism. Performing on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology with a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0...

Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: We systematically searched six databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about nonsteroidal MRAs for CKD, from inception to 22 August 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We then conducted meta-analysis of the data using Stata 17...

OBJECTIVES: Rates of cannabis ingestion among young children are increasing. Small studies have evaluated symptomatology of these children. The literature lacks research regarding factors influencing medical management. Our goal was to 1) understand circumstances leading to exposure over time and 2) gain insight into factors that may influence emergency room management and Child Protective Services reporting over time. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study on children younger than 10 years with cannabis-positive urine drug screens in the emergency room setting...

BACKGROUND: Substance use is an important public health problem and increasing all over the world. Different methods have been defined for drug abuse testing in medical laboratories. We aimed to compare two urine drug screening methods with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). METHODS: A total of 102 patients' urine samples were analyzed by test dip card and EMIT (enzyme multiplied im-munoassay technique). Randomly selected samples (n = 51; 50%) were also analyzed by LC-MS/MS as the reference method...

BACKGROUND: Personalized disease models are crucial for assessing the specific response of diseased cells to drugs, particularly novel biological therapeutics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized vesicles released by cells for intercellular communication, have gained therapeutic interest due to their ability to reprogram target cells. We here utilized urinary podocytes obtained from children affected by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with characterized genetic mutations as a model to test the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from kidney progenitor cells...

Due to their widespread use, testing for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has become urgent in certain clinical situations. Screening based on widely available, rapid, and simple hemostasis assays such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or even diluted Russel Viper venom time may provide sufficient evidence of "over-coagulation" and could be used "in small/peripheral/spoke laboratories" as an emergency strategy, but is not thought to be reliable for driving clinical decision making...

BACKGROUND: Drug testing commonly use urine as a specimen and immunoassays for screening. The need for supervised urine collection has led to an interest in alternative specimens and a need for using mass spectrometry methods already for screening. In addition, mass spectrometry methods allow for broad multipanel screening which of great value because of the increased number of substances that needs to be covered has increased over time. One alternative specimen of interest for drugs of abuse testing is dried blood spots (DBS) and this work aimed at developing multipanel screening methods based on selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry for both urine and dried finger blood as specimens...

A 59-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse presented with altered mental status. Upon examination, he was hypertensive and lethargic, and laboratory results revealed severe transaminitis, coagulopathy, and lactic acidosis, despite having normal serum alcohol levels. Additionally, his urine drug screen tested positive for methamphetamine. Following the exclusion of infectious, autoimmune, and other common causes of acute hepatitis, a diagnosis of methamphetamine-induced acute hepatitis was established...

OBJECTIVE: Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has notably increased in community acquired uropathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic E. coli causes 80% of uncomplicated community acquired UTIs, particularly in pre-menopausal women. Considering this high prevalence and the potential to spread antimicrobial resistant genes, the current study was conducted to investigate the presence of clinically important strains of E. coli in Pakistani women having uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis...