Allergy food

BACKGROUND: Despite the promise of oral immunotherapy (OIT) to treat food allergies, this procedure is associated with potential risk. There is no current agreement about what elements should be included in the preparatory or consent process. OBJECTIVE: We developed consensus recommendations about the OIT process considerations and patient-specific factors that should be addressed before initiating OIT and developed a consensus OIT consent process and information form...

BACKGROUND: There are limited longitudinal data on the population prevalence of allergic conditions during childhood, and few studies have incorporated the reference standard oral food challenge to confirm food allergy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the population prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy, eczema, asthma, and rhinitis at ages 6 and 10 years in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: The HealthNuts study recruited 5,276 1-year-old infants in Melbourne, Australia, with repeat assessments at ages 6 and 10 years...

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly recognized disease first described about 50 years ago. The definition, diagnosis, and management have evolved with new published consensus guidelines and newly approved treatment available to pediatricians, enabling a better understanding of this disease and more targeted treatment for patients. We describe the definition, presentation, and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis including management, challenges, and future directions in children. The definition, diagnosis, and management of eosinophilic esophagitis have evolved over the last 50 years...

Food Allergy (FA) is a growing global public health concern. In the United States alone, 8% of children and 11% of adults have a convincing FA (symptoms consistent with an IgE-mediated reaction to a specific allergen). Given the significant prevalence of this condition, the objective of this mini-review is to illustrate the many dimensions of life that are impacted among those with FA. Summarizing findings from a breadth of current literature, we present how FA affects social, psychological, and economic-related quality of life...

BACKGROUND: Siglec-3 (CD33) is a major Siglec expressed on human mast cells and basophils and engagement of CD33 leads to inhibition of cellular signaling via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). OBJECTIVE: We sought to inhibit human basophil degranulation by simultaneously recruiting inhibitory CD33 to the IgE-FcεRI complex using monoclonal anti-IgE directly conjugated to CD33 ligand (CD33L). METHODS: Direct and indirect basophil activation tests (BAT) were used to assess both antigen-specific (peanut) and antigen non-specific (polyclonal anti-IgE) stimulation...

INTRODUCTION: The basophil activation test (BAT) has shown evidence of high sensitivity and high specificity to support the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy. It is a functional test that uses live cells analyzed by flow cytometry and thus needs to be performed within 24h of blood collection. BAT has shown to be reproducible and reliable when tested in a clinical diagnostic laboratory with standardized protocols and flow cytometry settings. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we summarize the evidence to support clinical use of BAT and the next steps required for clinical implementation for an improve clinical care for patients with suspected IgE-mediated food allergy...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) facilitate weight loss. Weight regain off therapy is concerning. We reported the case of a 35-year-old male prescribed oral semaglutide with 22.7 kg weight loss over 120 days. Herein, we describe the clinical course when discontinuing GLP-1 RA therapy, one approach to maintaining weight loss after discontinuation, and a possible new side effect. At day 120, we continued oral semaglutide 7 mg daily, down from 14 mg, for weight maintenance with subsequent weight regain...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the out-of-pocket expenses and parent-reported quality of life (QoL) of children with a diagnosis of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) between the ages of 0 and 5 using the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire - Parent Form. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary care centers in Bogotá. Demographic, medical information, and QoL scores were collected by parental interview. We carried out a cost-of-illness analysis based on self-reported out-of-pocket expenses attributed to the treatment as a whole and the family's monthly income...

BACKGROUND: There are few studies concerning the impact of serum vitamin D status on the risk of allergen sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) during early childhood. METHOD: Children with AD and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were prospectively enrolled at age 0.5, 2, and 4 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level was measured using Elecsys Vitamin D Total assay. The study utilized the ImmunoCAP assay to analyze specific IgE for food and inhalant allergens, along with total serum IgE levels...

The exploration of edible insects, specifically Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor , as sustainable sources of protein for human consumption is an emerging field. However, research into their effects on intestinal health, especially in relation to inflammation and permeability, remains limited. Using ex vivo and in vivo models of intestinal health and disease, in this study we assess the impact of the above insects on intestinal function by focusing on inflammation, barrier dysfunction and morphological changes...

BACKGROUND: There are only six past reports of super-refractory status epilepticus induced by spinal anesthesia. None of those patients have died. Only < 15 mg of bupivacaine was administered to all six of them and to our case. Pathophysiology ensuing such cases remains unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27 year old gravida 2, para 1, mother at 37 weeks of gestation came to the operating theater for an elective cesarean section. She had no significant medical history other than controlled hypothyroidism and one episode of food allergy...

Despite the widely recommended usage of partially or extensively hydrolyzed milk protein formula (PHF or EHF) for preventing allergic diseases (ADs), clinical studies have been inconclusive regarding their efficacy compared with cow's milk formula (CMF) or breast milk (BM). We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of PHF or EHF versus CMF or BM on the risk of ADs (cow's milk allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma, wheeze, food allergy, and sensitization) in children. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for clinical trials published from inception to October 21st, 2022...

Nitric oxide (NO) is gaseous bioactive molecule that is synthesized by NO synthase (NOS). Inducible NOS (iNOS) expression occurs in response to pathogenic challenges, resulting in the production of large amounts of NO. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in birds during pathogenic challenge. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the influence of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of zymosan (cell wall component of yeast) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria) on NOS expression in chicks (Gallus gallus)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Patients with non-eosinophilic esophagitis eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (non-EoE EGIDs) are prone to nutritional deficiencies due to food-avoidant behaviors, malabsorption, and high nutrition impact symptoms. Nutrient deficiencies correspond to the segment, depth, and extent of the gastrointestinal tract involved and can impact organs distant from the gut. Patients with non-EoE EGIDs are often atopic, and some appear to respond to dietary avoidance of specific food allergens. Tests to identify food triggers other than response to elimination diets are lacking...

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGID), such as eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis (EoC), are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated levels of activated eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract. EoG and eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD) are strongly associated with food allergen triggers and TH 2 inflammation, whereas EoC shows minimal transcriptomic overlap with other EGIDs. The level of expression of certain genes associated with TH 2 immune response is associated with certain histopathologic findings of EoG, EoD, and EoC...

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are becoming more common causing significant suffering and reduced quality of life. These conditions can affect different parts of the digestive system, either individually or in combination. Recognition of their link to allergic disorders or other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases has raised questions about their shared underlying mechanisms, which has had implications for diagnosis and management. The authors critically examine the current understanding of the connection between EGIDs and allergic conditions (ie, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy) and GI diseases (ie, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and motility disorders)...

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID) is an umbrella term encompassing a group of chronic, immune-mediated disorders characterized by eosinophil-rich inflammation affecting one or more segments of the gastrointestinal tract. A recent consensus in nomenclature and emerging data made possible through multi-center consortia are beginning to unravel the molecular and cellular underpinnings of EGIDs below the esophagus. These emerging findings are revealing both overarching commonalities related to a food allergen-driven, chronic, Th2-mediated immune response as well as location-specific nuances in the pathophysiology of the collective EGIDs...

Immunotherapy is a treatment approach based on the principle of incremental allergen exposure to achieve desensitization. Recently, oral immunotherapy has been introduced as a treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy. Some patients receiving oral immunotherapy for food allergy may develop eosinophilic esophagitis. Here, we summarize the literature examining this association, its treatment, and outcomes and discuss possible explanations for this clinical phenomenon. We further identify potential associations with aeroallergen sensitivity and other forms of immunotherapy including subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy...