Urinary sodium potassium ratio AND hypertension

BACKGROUND: In recent years, chronic kidney disease has increased in the pediatric population and has been related to environmental factors. In the diagnosis of kidney damage, in addition to the traditional parameters, early kidney damage biomarkers, such as kidney injury molecule 1, cystatin C, and osteopontin, among others, have been implemented as predictors of early pathological processes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and early kidney damage biomarkers...

BACKGROUND: Although the relation of salt intake with blood pressure (BP) is linear, it is U-shaped for mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This individual-participant meta-analysis explored whether the relation of hypertension, death or CVD with 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UVNA) or sodium-to-potassium (UNAK) ratio was modified by birth weight. METHODS: Families were randomly enrolled in the Flemish Study on Genes, Environment and Health Outcomes (1985-2004) and the European Project on Genes in Hypertension (1999-2001)...

The causality between the urinary sodium-potassium ratio and upper urinary calculi has not been clarified and easily affected by confounders. We performed two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the potential causal role of the urinary sodium-potassium ratio in upper urinary calculi. Data of the urinary sodium-potassium ratio (N = 326,938), upper urinary calculi (N = 337,199), and confounding factors including BMI (N = 336,107), ever-smoke (N = 461,066), hypertension (N = 218,754), diabetes (N = 218,792), and alcohol intake frequency (N = 462,346) were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS Project database...

AIMS: High aldosterone is a key driver of hypertension and long-term negative sequelae. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of dexfadrostat phosphate (DP13), a novel aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitor, in healthy participants. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in two parts. In part A, a single-ascending dose escalation, 16 participants received oral DP13 1-16 mg. Part B was a multiple-ascending dose, sequential group study in which 32 participants received oral DP13 4, 8 or 16 mg once daily for 8 days...

BACKGROUND: Even modest reductions in blood pressure (BP) can have an important impact on population-level morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are 2 promising approaches: the SaltSwitch smartphone app, which enables users to scan the bar code of a packaged food using their smartphone camera and receive an immediate, interpretive traffic light nutrition label on-screen alongside a list of healthier, lower-salt options in the same food category; and reduced-sodium salts (RSSs), which are an alternative to regular table salt that are lower in sodium and higher in potassium but have a similar mouthfeel, taste, and flavor...

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to assess renin, aldosterone, and cortisol in the early stages of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), i. e., at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: During the postural test, we measured aldosterone, renin [Liason DiaSorin Inc. (Italy)], as well as cortisol, sodium, potassium, and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion in 62 women with newly diagnosed PIH, 70 healthy women during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and in 22 healthy non-pregnant women...

People who experience natural disasters have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association between the extent of house collapse and urine sodium-to-potassium (UNa/K) ratio of 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake victims. We used the baseline survey data of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-Based Cohort Study of 29 542 individuals (aged 20-74 years) residing in the affected areas. The UNa/K ratio was calculated using spot urinary electrolyte values. Analysis of covariance was used to calculate the multivariate-adjusted geometric means of the UNa/K ratio in the following groups stratified according to the self-reported extent of house collapse: total collapse (TC), half collapse (HC), partial collapse (PC), and no damage (ND)...

Objectives Though having a high salt taste threshold has been associated with hypertension, its exact determinants remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the determinants of salt taste threshold in a community-based population and to determine the relationship between salt taste thresholds and the simultaneous presence of multiple determinants.Methods Of the 1,117 participants of the baseline survey of the Kobe study, a cohort study of healthy urban residents, aged 40-74 years, with no history of cancer or cardiovascular diseases, nor undergoing treatment for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of disease and death on a global scale. Diet's sodium and potassium levels may synergistically affect blood pressure. Currently, the sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is becoming a more reliable indicator. There has not been a systematic investigation of the dose-response relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, the Na/K ratio and the incidence of HTN based on the same study criteria. This study will conduct a thorough dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies to estimate the effects of dietary sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio on the incidence of HTN to provide the most accurate reference for sodium and potassium intake...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity of spot urine assay methods in estimating the 24-h urinary sodium, potassium and sodium-to-potassium ratio during three different sodium diets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers were asked to adhere to 3 dietary sodium targets (3.3-5.0g/day,<3.3 g/day and >5.0 g/day) for three consecutive weeks and to measure salt excretion daily in spot urine samples using a self-monitoring device. On day 7 of each week, 24-h urine was collected to compare measured with estimated 24-h salt excretion (by the Kawasaki, Tanaka and INTERSALT equations)...

The pathophysiology of genetic hypokalemia is close to that of non-genetic hypokalemia. New molecular pathways physiologically involved in renal and extrarenal potassium homeostasis have been highlighted. A physiological approach to diagnosis is illustrated here, with 6 cases. Mechanisms generating and sustaining of hypokalemia are discussed. After excluding acute shift of extracellular potassium to the intracellular compartment, related to hypokalemic periodic paralysis, inappropriate kaliuresis (>40mmol/24h) concomitant to hypokalemia indicates renal potassium wasting...

The association between the urinary sodium (Na)/potassium (K) ratio and hypertension is well recognized. We investigated whether the urinary Na/K ratio might be associated with hypertension in community-dwelling older adults and whether the association was influenced by habitual dietary patterns. We enrolled a total of 684 older adults (mean age, 76.8 years) and conducted health examinations at Kusatsu, Japan, in 2021. The urinary Na/K ratio was found to be independently associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0...

Growing epidemiological evidence has shown an association of the urinary sodium (Na) to potassium (K) ratio (Na/K ratio) with blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. However, no clear cutoff level has been defined. We investigated the cutoff level of the urinary Na/K ratio under different dietary guidelines for Japanese individuals, especially that endorsed by the 2020 revised Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). A population of 1145 Japanese men and women aged 40 to 59 years from the INTERMAP study was examined...

Sodium (Na) reduction with a parallel supplemental potassium (K) intake can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The relationship of the urinary Na/K ratio and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) with CVDs is not clearly explained. We assumed that the SSBP mediates the relationship between the Na/K ratio and CVDs. In total, 2055 subjects who had 24 h urine collected and SSBP determined were included in this study. CVD risk was estimated using the China-PAR equation. MediationMultivariate logistic regression was used to explore the associations between the Na/K ratio or SSBP with CVD risk...

Hypertension-related death is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, making blood pressure (BP) control an important issue. Salt substitute is a non-pharmaceutical strategy to improve hypertension control. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt substitute on BP and cardiovascular disease. The authors searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed databases through March 2022, and assessed the risk-of-bias for included studies by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Twenty-three randomized controlled trials with 32073 patients were included in our systematic review...

Hypertensive kidney damage results in glomerular as well as tubular dysfunction. Albuminuria is a well-known marker of glomerular damage. On the other hand, urinary uromodulin is increasingly considered as a potential biomarker of early tubular dysfunction. The aim of the study was to assess glomerular and tubular function of the kidney by measuring urinary albumin and uromodulin excretion in hypertensive subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 in Hypertension Clinic of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Kidney Care and Research Centre, Sonargaon, Narayanganj, Bangladesh...

OBJECTIVE: Management of blood pressure (BP) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is critical for preventing cardio-renal complications. Information on nocturnal BP decrease patterns (dipping) in CKD is still scarce. We aimed at describing nocturnal BP dipping patterns and its predictors in patients with CKD. DESIGN AND METHOD: We analysed data from patients with CKD stages 1 to 5 referred for kidney function testing from September 2006 to January 2022, including 24-hour urine collection, gold-standard measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using clearance of a radioisotopic tracer, as well as ambulatory BP measurement (ABPM) in a single tertiary hospital in Paris, France...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the risk factors for cerebro-cardiovascular and renal (CCR) diseases. High blood pressure is affected by the amount of salt (NaCl) and potassium (K) intake. There are many studies reporting the relationship between urinary sodium or potassium excretion and CCR events or all-cause mortality in general populations. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between urinary NaCl or K excretion and CCR events or all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients under control with anti-hypertensive drugs...

OBJECTIVES: The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) recently reported blood pressure-mediated benefits of a potassium-enriched salt substitute on cardiovascular outcomes and death. This study assessed the effects of salt substitutes on a breadth of outcomes to quantify the consistency of the findings and understand the likely generalisability of the SSaSS results. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to 31 August 2021. Parallel group, step-wedge or cluster randomised controlled trials reporting the effect of salt substitute on blood pressure or clinical outcomes were included...

INTRODUCTION: The urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio is an indicator of dietary sodium intake and has been associated with reduced kidney function. However, less is known about its association with albuminuria, the other key component of chronic kidney disease, in the community-dwelling adult population. We examined the association of the spot urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio with albuminuria and compared spot urinary and dietary sodium-to-potassium ratios. METHODS: We quantified the association of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio with albuminuria in 6,274 Japanese adults (age, 40-97 years; 50...