dsRNA, virus, J2

As obligate pathogens, plant viruses co-opt several host factors for viral replication. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plays important roles in plants, including eliciting innate immune responses and RNA interference. dsRNA also represents the genetic entities of a number of viruses and is a marker of infection by positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Previous detection methods for RNA viruses basically relied on immunological methods, but later researchers discovered that the dsRNA-binding domain of the Flock house virus B2 protein is a perfect alternative to the J2 mAb for sensitive and rapid detection of long dsRNA in vitro and in vivo, and developed B2:GFP transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced during most viral infections, and immunohistochemical detection of dsRNA has been proposed as a potential screening marker for viral replication. The anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibody clone 9D5 is more sensitive than the established clone J2 but has not been validated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. This study aimed to test and compare the performance of the anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibodies, 9D5 and J2, in FFPE tissue using an automated staining platform...

Reactive poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA)-grafted surfaces offer a versatile platform to immobilize biomolecules. Here, we utilize PPFPA-grafted surface and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) recognizing J2 antibody to construct a universal virus detection platform with enhanced sensitivity. PPFPA on silicon substrates is prepared, and surface hydrophilicity is modulated by partial substitution of the pentafluorophenyl units with poly(ethylene glycol). Following dsRNA antibody immobilization, the prepared surfaces can distinguish long dsRNAs from single-stranded RNAs of the same length and short dsRNAs...

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is produced as a replicative intermediate during RNA virus infection. Recognition of dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as the retinoic acid (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) leads to the induction of the innate immune response. The formation and intracellular distribution of dsRNA in positive-sense RNA virus infection has been well characterized by microscopy. Many negative-sense RNA viruses, including some arenaviruses, trigger the innate immune response during infection...

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by New World Leishmania (Viannia) species are at high risk of developing mucosal (ML) or disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). After the formation of a primary skin lesion at the site of the bite by a Leishmania-infected sand fly, the infection can disseminate to form secondary lesions. This metastatic phenotype causes significant morbidity and is often associated with a hyper-inflammatory immune response leading to the destruction of nasopharyngeal tissues in ML, and appearance of nodules or numerous ulcerated skin lesions in DCL...

BACKGROUND: The detection of viral infection in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue is notoriously difficult and often requires inherent knowledge about the specific virus being sought. For this reason, there is an ongoing need for reagents and methods which can identify a range of different virus types in paraffin embedded tissue. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to optimise and validate the use of antisera directed against dsRNA (>50 bp in length) in paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue samples...

Expression of antibodies or antibody fragments in plants is a useful tool for producing active antibody derivatives for diagnostic or pharmaceutical purposes as well as for immunomodulation. We investigated the effect of cellular expression site on the stability and yield of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific single-chain Fv-fragments (scFv) in transgenic tobacco. Two antibodies (J2 and P6) belonging to the V23(J558) heavy chain variable gene family but differing in the light chain variable domain were used...

Antibody expression and immunomodulation are modern molecular techniques to produce pharmaceuticals and to interfere with cellular metabolism or pathogen infectivity in plants. Nonetheless, there is still no generally applicable strategy to express correctly folded active antibodies or antibody fragments in different cell compartments. To facilitate expression, single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) were made of mouse monoclonal antibodies, J2 and P6 that specifically recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)...