stemm cell

Basal bodies (BBs) are macromolecular complexes required for the formation and cortical positioning of cilia. Both BB assembly and DNA replication are tightly coordinated with the cell cycle to ensure their accurate segregation and propagation to daughter cells, but the mechanisms ensuring coordination are unclear. The Tetrahymena Sas4/CPAP protein is enriched at assembling BBs, localizing to the core BB structure and to the base of BB-appendage microtubules and striated fiber. Sas4 is necessary for BB assembly and cortical microtubule organization, and Sas4 loss disrupts cell division furrow positioning and DNA segregation...

Basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule-based organelles that act as a template for and stabilize cilia at the cell surface. Centrins ubiquitously associate with BBs and function in BB assembly, maturation and stability. Human POC5 (hPOC5) is a highly conserved centrin-binding protein that binds centrins through Sfi1p-like repeats and is required for building full-length, mature centrioles. Here, we use the BB-rich cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena thermophila to characterize Poc5 BB functions. Tetrahymena Poc5 (TtPoc5) uniquely incorporates into assembling BBs and is then removed from mature BBs prior to ciliogenesis...

The use of autologous fat transplantation for reconstruction purposes after mastectomy or Breast Conserving Treatment (BCT) for Breast Cancer (BC) has increased significantly the past twenty years. Adipose-derived stemm cells hold great tissue regenerative potential due to their established ability to improve the healing process through in situ differentiation and secretion of paracrine factors. Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP), contains high levels of diverse human growth factors for stem cells proliferation and differentiation in the course of tissue regeneration, and it has recently been accepted by many as a highly promising method for tissue regeneration...

Human aging is a physiological process characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation. Senescence may affect endothelial cells, subsequently involved in the most common age-related diseases (ARDs), as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with an impairment of their properties in tissues regeneration. Endothelial cells seem to be able to exert a paracrine effect on BM-MSCs through the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. This work is aimed to evaluate if the senescent status of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could affect bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) proliferative ability and stemness...

The centrosome, composed of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is the cell's central microtubule-organizing center. Centrosome duplication is coupled with the cell cycle such that centrosomes duplicate once in S phase. Loss of such coupling produces supernumerary centrosomes, a condition called centrosome amplification (CA). CA promotes cell invasion and chromosome instability, two hallmarks of cancer. We examined the contribution of centriole overduplication to CA and the consequences for genomic stability in breast cancer cells...

BACKGROUND: Myometrium, the muscular wall of the uterus, is an active organ markedly remodeled during a woman's reproductive life, especially during pregnancy. Different studies using the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and side population methods in murine and human myometrium have suggested the presence of somatic stem cells in this tissue because of its remarkable regenerative capacity. Recently, our group has developed a surface-marker (Stro1/CD44)-specific approach to isolate and characterize myometrial somatic stem cells (SSCs) from humans and rats...

OBJECTIVES: Granular cell tumors are rare neoplasms of neural origin. Despite the mesenchymal nature of these tumors, they rarely occur in the soft tissue, and as a result, this subset is not well characterized. We present the largest case series to date comprising 50 patients with benign and atypical soft tissue granular cell tumors in an effort to better define the pathologic features in this subset of lesions. METHODS: All cases of soft tissue granular cell tumors from the Ohio State Medical Center and the Medical College of Wisconsin over a 10-year period were reviewed for histologic and clinical findings...

BACKGROUND: Given the numerous hypotheses concerning arthropod phylogeny, independent data are needed to supplement knowledge based on traditional external morphology and modern molecular sequence information. One promising approach involves comparisons of the structure and development of the nervous system. Along these lines, the morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord has been investigated in numerous tetraconate taxa (Crustacea and Hexapoda). It has been shown that these neurons can be identified individually due to their comparably low number, characteristic soma position, and neurite morphology, thus making it possible to establish homologies at the single cell level...

Basal bodies are essential microtubule-based structures that template, anchor, and orient cilia at the cell surface. Cilia act primarily in the generation of directional fluid flow and sensory reception, both of which are utilized for a broad spectrum of cellular processes. Although basal bodies contribute to vital cell functions, the molecular contributors of their assembly and maintenance are poorly understood. Previous studies of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila revealed important roles for two centrin family members in basal body assembly, separation of new basal bodies, and stability...

The ventral nerve cord of Tetraconata contains a comparably low number of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons, facilitating individual identification of cells and their characteristic neurite morphology. This offers the rather unique possibility of establishing homologies at the single cell level. Because phylogenetic relationships within Tetraconata are still discussed controversially, comparisons of individually identifiable neurons can help to unravel these issues. Serotonin immunoreactivity has been investigated in numerous tetraconate taxa, leading to reconstructions of hypothetical ground patterns for major lineages...

Literature on fine-needle aspiration of ovarian transitional cell tumor or Brenner tumors is sparse and mostly confined to isolated case reports of metastatic transitional cell tumors. We undertook a retrospective study of intraoperative imprint cytology of ovarian transitional cell tumors to better define the cytologic features of this uncommon ovarian tumor. Between 2005 and 2012, a total of 19 ovarian transitional cell tumors were recorded in our surgical pathology files, 10 of which had concomitant imprint cytologic material available for review...

BACKGROUND: Positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are found in up to 13 per cent of women with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and in up to 4 per cent of those with a postoperative diagnosis. This retrospective national register study investigated the incidence of positive SLNs in women with a postoperative diagnosis of DCIS, and the value of additional tumour sectioning to identify occult tumour invasion. METHODS: All surgical patients with a final histopathological diagnosis of pure DCIS registered in the Swedish national breast cancer register in 2008 and 2009 were eligible...

BACKGROUND: Remipedia were initially seen as a primitive taxon within Pancrustacea based on characters considered ancestral, such as the homonomously segmented trunk. Meanwhile, several morphological and molecular studies proposed a more derived position of Remipedia within Pancrustacea, including a sister group relationship to Hexapoda. Because of these conflicting hypotheses, fresh data are crucial to contribute new insights into euarthropod phylogeny. The architecture of individually identifiable serotonin-immunoreactive neurons has successfully been used for phylogenetic considerations in Euarthropoda...

Directed fluid flow, which is achieved by the coordinated beating of motile cilia, is required for processes as diverse as cellular swimming, developmental patterning and mucus clearance. Cilia are nucleated, anchored and aligned at the plasma membrane by basal bodies, which are cylindrical microtubule-based structures with ninefold radial symmetry. In the unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, two centrin family members associated with the basal body are important for both basal body organization and stabilization...

Functional nanoporous materials are promising for a number of applications ranging from selective biofiltration to fuel cell electrodes. This work reports the functionalization of nanoporous membranes using atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is used to conformally deposit platinum (Pt) and aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) on Pt in nanopores to form a metal-insulator stack inside the nanopore. Deposition of these materials inside nanopores allows the addition of extra functionalities to nanoporous materials such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes...

BACKGROUND: Remipedia, a group of homonomously segmented, cave-dwelling, eyeless arthropods have been regarded as basal crustaceans in most early morphological and taxonomic studies. However, molecular sequence information together with the discovery of a highly differentiated brain led to a reconsideration of their phylogenetic position. Various conflicting hypotheses have been proposed including the claim for a basal position of Remipedia up to a close relationship with Malacostraca or Hexapoda...

Since their first detection in pond water, large ciliates such as Tetrahymena thermophila, have captivated school children and scientists alike with the elegance of their swimming and the beauty of their cortical organization. Indeed, cytology - simply looking at cells - is an important component of most areas of study in cell biology and is particularly intriguing in the large, complex Tetrahymena cell. Cytological analysis of Tetrahymena is critical for the study of the microtubule cytoskeleton, membrane trafficking, complex nuclear movements and interactions, and the cellular remodeling during conjugation, to name a few topics...

The basal body is a microtubule-organizing center responsible for organizing the cilium, a structure important for cell locomotion and sensing of the surrounding environment. A widely conserved basal body component is the Ca(2+)-binding protein centrin. Analyses of centrin function suggest a role in basal body assembly and stability; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we describe a mutagenic strategy to study the function and essential nature of the various structural features of Cen1 in the ciliate Tetrahymena...

Claims of recently developed energy patches suggest that organic nanoscale biomolecular "antennas" produced by L and D-stereoisomers resonate at frequencies in unison with molecules in the cells inducing electron flow to assists in recruiting calcium ions, allowing greater muscle fiber recruitment during muscle contraction. The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of energy patches in the performance of selected muscle power and endurance measures. After a 5-minute warm-up and stretch, 41 college varsity football players (age, 20...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have promoting activity in the liver. PCBs induce oxidative stress, which may influence carcinogenesis. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest an inverse relationship between dietary selenium (Se) and cancer. Despite evidence linking Se deficiency to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver necrosis, the underlying mechanisms for Se cancer protection in the liver remain to be determined. We examined the effect of dietary Se on the tumor promoting activities of two PCBs congeners, 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) and 2,2', 4,4', 5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) using a 2-stage carcinogenesis model...