Premature, neonatal, respiration,

BACKGROUND: Prematurity is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with insufficient development of multiple body structures, including neurovascular and retinal tissues. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal vaso proliferation of the neonatal retina that results from an arrest in the normal development of the retinal nerve and blood supply. Incidence has been increasing due to advancements in intensive care and survival of preterm neonates, as well as improvements in screening methods for ROP...

Our study aimed to assess the effects of creating a healing environment and clustering nursing care on premature infants' vital signs, pain, and sleeping. The study had an experimental research design for the control and study group, each with 53 premature infants. We collected the data through the Vital Signs Sheet, Premature Infant Pain Profile, and Neonatal behavioral state. We used T-tests and chi-square tests to assess the differences between groups. There was a highly statistically significant difference between the study and control groups concerning respiration (p-value<0...

BACKGROUND: Premature infants, subjected to supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation, may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease characterized by alveolar dysplasia and impaired vascularization. We and others have shown that hyperoxia causes senescence in cultured lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Although miR-34a modulates senescence, it is unclear whether it contributes to hyperoxia-induced senescence. We hypothesized that hyperoxia increases miR-34a levels, leading to cellular senescence...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the secular prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluate its adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women in Hebei province, China. METHODS: We analyzed the data from the monitoring information management system for pregnant women in 22 hospitals of Hebei province, China. In this study, 366,212 individuals with singleton live births from 2014 to 2021 were included, of whom 25,995 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes...

Background: Preterm birth and subsequent neonatal ventilatory treatment disrupts development of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). An attenuated HVR has been identified in preterm neonates, however it is unknown whether the attenuation persists into the second year of life. We investigated the HVR at 12-15 months corrected postnatal age and assessed predictors of a blunted HVR in those born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation). Methods: HVR was measured in infants born very preterm...

BACKGROUND: Prematurity in newborns is a condition that is associated with worse hospital outcomes when compared to birth to term. A preterm infant (PI) is classified when gestational age (GA) < 37 wk. AIM: To analyze prognostic indicators related to the use of oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure) and mechanical ventilation (MV) in PI. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort. The sample was composed of PIs from a private hospital in southern Brazil...

BACKGROUND: Supporting therapies that provide stress and pain control of preterm and term newborns infants contribute positively to the neuropsychomotor development. Non-pharmacological interventions that involve manual techniques are described, considering protocols that can be reproduced by physical therapists, with positive and negative outcomes reports. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review follows PRISMA 2020 statements guidelines. Primary and specific health sciences databases (Science Direct, Pubmed, Scielo, Embase and Scopus) were consulted between October 2021 and May 2022...

Biallelic deletions extending into the ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A ( ATAD3A ) gene lead to infantile lethality with severe pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH). However, only 12 such cases have been reported worldwide to date, and the genotype-phenotype correlations are not well understood. We describe cases associated with the same novel biallelic deletions of the ATAD3A and ATAD3B/3A regions in Japanese siblings with severe spinal cord hypoplasia and multiple malformations, including PCH, leading to neonatal death...

A true knot of the umbilical cord (TKUC) is an actual knot formed in pregnancy. It is seen in approximately 0.3%-1.2% of all pregnancies. True knots are of significance as they can cause a wide spectrum of adverse perinatal outcomes like small for gestational age (SGA) fetus, low appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (Apgar) score at birth, fetal hypoxia, and even fetal demise. Here, we report a case series of three patients with TKUC and the varied adverse perinatal outcomes associated with them...

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants that may cause long-term lung dysfunction. Accumulating evidence supports the vascular hypothesis of BPD, in which lung endothelial cell dysfunction drives this disease. We recently reported that endothelial carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a) is reduced by hyperoxia, and that endothelial cell-specific Cpt1a knockout mice are more susceptible to developing hyperoxia-induced injury than wild type mice...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the optimal maintenance dose of caffeine citrate for preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 566 preterm infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks) who were treated and required assisted ventilation and caffeine citrate treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit of 30 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province of China between January 1 and December 31, 2019...

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Many premature infants less than 37 weeks gestational age (GA), and almost all infants less than 28 weeks GA, will experience apnoea of prematurity (AOP)-a cessation of respiration for 20 or more seconds (or less than 20 s if accompanied by other signs). Because the treatment options for AOP are so limited, we explore its epidemiology, with the ultimate hope of learning how to decrease its incidence. COMMENT: Although AOP usually resolves with maturation of the respiratory system, many short- and long-term negative effects are correlated statistically with AOP (although direct causality has not been established)...

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, and a lack of oxygen can result in bioenergetic failure and cell death. Thus, administration of supplemental concentrations of oxygen to overcome barriers to tissue oxygen delivery (e.g., heart failure, lung disease, ischemia), can rescue dying cells where cellular oxygen content is low. However, the balance of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption relies on tightly controlled oxygen gradients and compartmentalized redox potential. While therapeutic oxygen delivery can be life-saving, it can disrupt growth and development, impair bioenergetic function, and induce inflammation...

BACKGROUND: Current criteria for surfactant administration assume that hypoxia is a direct marker of lung-volume de-recruitment. We first introduced an early, non-invasive assessment of lung mechanics by the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) and evaluated its role in predicting the need for surfactant therapy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether lung reactance (Xrs) assessment by FOT within 2 h of birth identifies infants who would need surfactant within 24 h; to eventually determine Xrs performance and a cut-off value for early detection of infants requiring surfactant...

Introduction: Placental calcification, identified before the 36th week of gestational age, is known as premature placental calcification (PPC). PPC could be a clue for the poor fetal outcome. However, its association with adverse perinatal outcomes is yet to be confirmed. Objective: The primary objective was to determine and compare the perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with and without documented premature placental calcification. Methodology: The present study was a prospective cohort study performed from October 2017 to September 2019...

BACKGROUND: Synchronized ventilation promotes a patient's ability to breathe spontaneously by providing intermittent, mechanical-controlled respiration that is synchronized with the patient's own efforts. In "synchronized-intermittent-mandatory-ventilation" SIMV, assisted ventilation is regulated by frequency settings which dictate the interval at which the ventilator becomes sensitive to respiratory efforts and responds with an assisted breath. SIMV has become one of the most widely used modes of ventilation in neonates...

Neonatal survival requires precise control of breathing and cardiovascular action, with fatal consequences or severe injury without support. Prematurity presents multiple opportunities to disrupt cardiorespiratory regulation, leading to expressions of apnea of prematurity, periodic breathing, and inappropriate cardiovascular responses to apnea. Failed breathing control can result from altered breathing drives, typically arising from untimely development of sensory or motor coordination processes. Some drives, such as temperature, are a special concern in neonates with low body mass, enhancing susceptibility to rapid body cooling...

BACKGROUND: Apnea of prematurity cannot be reliably measured with current monitoring techniques. Instead, indirect parameters such as oxygen desaturation or bradycardia are captured. We propose a Kalman filter-based detection of respiration activity and hence apnea using multichannel esophageal signals in neonatal intensive care unit patients. METHODS: We performed a single-center observational study with moderately preterm infants. Commercially available nasogastric feeding tubes containing multiple electrodes were used to capture signals with customized software...

BACKGROUND: Although bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with lung function deficits in childhood, many who develop BPD have normal lung function in childhood and many without BPD, including those born at 33-34 weeks of gestation, have lung dysfunction in childhood. Since the predictability of BPD for future lung deficits is increasingly doubted, we prospectively recruited preterm-born children to identify early-life factors associated with lung function deficits after preterm birth...

Premature infants are frequently and intermittently administered supplemental oxygen during hypoxic episodes, resulting in cycles of intermittent hypoxia and hyperoxia. The relatively hypoxic in utero environment is important for lung development while hyperoxia during the neonatal period is recognized as detrimental towards the development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and bronchial asthma. Understanding early mechanisms that link hypoxic, hyperoxic, and intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposures to altered airway structure and function are key to developing advanced therapeutic approaches in the clinic...