keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34937861/correlation-of-ace2-with-ras-components-after-losartan-treatment-in-light-of-covid-19
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javeria Zaheer, Hyeongi Kim, Jin Su Kim
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important factor in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) interactions. Losartan (LOS) belongs to the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family. Additionally, the protective role of ACE2 restored by LOS has been suggested and clinically examined in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, clinical trials with LOS have been conducted. However, the mechanism through which LOS enhances ACE2 expression remains unclear. In addition, the response of ACE2 to LOS differs among patients...
December 22, 2021: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34779863/paternal-long-term-pm2-5-exposure-causes-hypertension-via-increased-renal-at1r-expression-and-function-in-male-offspring
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cuimei Hu, Yu Tao, Yi Deng, Qi Cai, Hongmei Ren, Cheng Yu, Shuo Zheng, Jian Yang, Chunyu Zeng
Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes hypertension in offspring. However, paternal contribution of PM2.5 exposure to hypertension in offspring remains unknown. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PM2.5 suspension for 12 weeks and/or fed with tap water containing an antioxidant tempol. The blood pressure, 24 h-urine volume and sodium excretion were determined in male offspring. The offspring were also administrated with losartan for four weeks. The expressions of AT1R and GRK4 were determined...
November 15, 2021: Clinical Science (1979-)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34610452/tlr4-and-at1r-mediate-blood-brain-barrier-disruption-neuroinflammation-and-autonomic-dysfunction-in-spontaneously-hypertensive-rats
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesca E Mowry, Sarah C Peaden, Javier E Stern, Vinicia C Biancardi
Angiotensin II (AngII) is implicated in neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and autonomic dysfunction in hypertension. We have previously shown that exogenous AngII stimulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) via AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), inducing activation of hypothalamic microglia ex vivo, and that AngII-AT1R signaling is necessary for the loss of BBB integrity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Herein, we hypothesized that microglial TLR4 and AT1R signaling interactions represent a crucial mechanistic link between AngII-mediated neuroinflammation and BBB disruption, thereby contributing to sympathoexcitation in SHRs...
October 2, 2021: Pharmacological Research: the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34523619/microvascular-changes-that-stagger-the-mind
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Frank M Faraci
Hypertension is a leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementias. Such loss of brain health has a vascular component, but the mechanisms involved are poorly defined. In this issue of the JCI, Koide et al. provide evidence that end-organ effects of hypertension on capillary endothelium and inward-rectifier K+ channels (Kir2.1) impair integrated propagation of electrical signals and vasodilation upstream, resulting in reduced neurovascular coupling (NVC) despite neural activation. NVC was partly restored by amlodipine, but not losartan...
September 15, 2021: Journal of Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34351870/differential-restoration-of-functional-hyperemia-by-antihypertensive-drug-classes-in-hypertension-related-cerebral-small-vessel-diseases
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masayo Koide, Osama F Harraz, Fabrice Dabertrand, Thomas A Longden, Hannah R Ferris, George C Wellman, David C Hill-Eubanks, Adam S Greenstein, Mark Nelson
Dementia resulting from small vessel diseases of the brain (SVDs) is an emerging epidemic for which there is no treatment. Hypertension is the major risk factor for SVDs, but how hypertension damages the brain microcirculation is unclear. Here, we show that chronic hypertension in a mouse model progressively disrupts on-demand delivery of blood to metabolically active areas of the brain (functional hyperemia) through diminished activity of the capillary endothelial cell inward-rectifier potassium channel, Kir2...
August 5, 2021: Journal of Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34281445/aqueous-extract-of-large-cardamom-inhibits-vascular-damage-oxidative-stress-and-metabolic-changes-in-fructose-fed-hypertensive-rats
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kanthlal S, Arya V, Bindhu Paul-Prasanth, Vijayakumar M, Rema Shree A, Uma Devi P
PURPOSE: Since metabolic abnormalities such as elevated glucose level and imbalanced lipid profiles increase the risk for hypertension and cause endothelial dysfunction, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of large cardamom (AELC) on fructose-induced metabolic hypertension and oxidative stress. METHODS: The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats in each group, and each group was fed with 10% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks...
October 3, 2021: Clinical and Experimental Hypertension: CHE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34216608/an-organ-on-a-chip-model-for-pre-clinical-drug-evaluation-in-progressive-non-genetic-cardiomyopathy
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erika Yan Wang, Uros Kuzmanov, Jacob B Smith, Wenkun Dou, Naimeh Rafatian, Benjamin Fook Lun Lai, Rick Xing Ze Lu, Qinghua Wu, Joshua Yazbeck, Xiao-Ou Zhang, Yu Sun, Anthony Gramolini, Milica Radisic
Angiotensin II (Ang II) presents a critical mediator in various pathological conditions such as non-genetic cardiomyopathy. Osmotic pump infusion in rodents is a commonly used approach to model cardiomyopathy associated with Ang II. However, profound differences in electrophysiology and pharmacokinetics between rodent and human cardiomyocytes may limit predictability of animal-based experiments. This study investigates the application of an Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) system in modeling Ang II-induced progressive cardiomyopathy...
June 30, 2021: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34177612/antiproteinuric-and-hyperkalemic-mechanisms-activated-by-dual-versus-single-blockade-of-the-ras-in-renovascular-hypertensive-rats
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Wilson N Corrêa, Karoline R Boaro, Letícia B Sene, Juliano Z Polidoro, Thiago A Salles, Flavia L Martins, Lusiane M Bendhack, Adriana C C Girardi
This study aimed to investigate the antiproteinuric and hyperkalemic mechanisms activated by dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in renovascular hypertensive rats (2-kidney 1-clip model [2K-1C]). Six weeks after clipping the left renal artery or sham operation (2K), rats were treated with losartan, enalapril, or both drugs for two weeks. We found that 2K-1C rats displayed higher tail-cuff blood pressure (BP), increased non-clipped kidney Ang II concentration, and more pronounced urinary albumin excretion than 2K...
2021: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34107734/activation-of-the-central-renin-angiotensin-system-causes-local-cerebrovascular-dysfunction
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Michael De Silva, Mary L Modrick, Justin L Grobe, Frank M Faraci
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cerebrovascular disease and loss of brain health. While the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to hypertension, its potential impact on the local vasculature is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the brain RAS would alter the local vasculature using a modified deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) model. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice treated with DOCA (50 mg SQ; or shams) were given tap H2 O and H2 O with 0...
June 10, 2021: Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33886735/dysautonomia-a-forgotten-condition-part-1
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eduardo Arrais Rocha, Niraj Mehta, Maria Zildany Pinheiro Távora-Mehta, Camila Ferreira Roncari, Alan Alves de Lima Cidrão, Jorge Elias Neto
Dysautonomia covers a range of clinical conditions with different characteristics and prognoses. They are classified as Reflex Syndromes, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (nOH) and Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity Syndrome. Reflex (vasovagal) syndromes will not be discussed in this article. Reflex (vasovagal) syndromes are mostly benign and usually occur in patients without an intrinsic autonomic nervous system (ANS) or heart disease...
April 2021: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33796024/astragaloside-ii-ameliorated-podocyte-injury-and-mitochondrial-dysfunction-in-streptozotocin-induced-diabetic-rats
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jun Su, Chongting Gao, Ling Xie, Ying Fan, Yilan Shen, Qunwei Huang, Niansong Wang, Youhua Xu, Nizhi Yang, Dingkun Gui
Astragaloside II (AS II), a novel saponin purified from Astragalus membranes, has been reported to modulate the immune response, repair tissue injury, and prevent inflammatory response. However, the protective effects of AS II on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been investigated yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of AS II on podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection at 55 mg/kg in rats...
2021: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33729497/brain-angiotensin-system-a-new-promise-in-the-management-of-epilepsy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Javier Ramos
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological disease and anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are almost the unique clinical treatment option. A disbalanced brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed in epilepsy and several reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor-1 (ATR1) activation is pro-inflammatory and pro-epileptogenic. In agreement, ATR1 blockage with the repurposed drug losartan has shown benefits in animal models of epilepsy. Processing of Ang II by ACE2 enzyme renders Ang-(1-7), a metabolite that activates the mitochondrial assembly (Mas) receptor (MasR) pathway...
March 26, 2021: Clinical Science (1979-)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33666506/angiotensin-ii-type-1-receptor-is-involved-in-flow-induced-vasomotor-responses-of-isolated-middle-cerebral-arteries-role-of-oxidative-stress
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivana Jukic, Zrinka Mihaljevic, Anita Matic, Martina Mihalj, Natasa Kozina, Kristina Selthofer-Relatic, Dubravka Mihaljevic, Akos Koller, Ivana Tartaro Bujak, Ines Drenjancevic
This study aimed to determine the mechanosensing role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in flow-induced dilation (FID) and oxidative stress production in middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Eleven-weeks old, healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats on a standard diet were given the AT1R blocker losartan (1 mg/mL) in drinking water (losartan group) or tap water (control group) ad libitum for 7 days. Blockade of AT1R attenuated FID and acetylcholine-induced dilations was compared to control group...
March 5, 2021: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33586496/dietary-salt-modifies-the-blood-pressure-response-to-renin-angiotensin-inhibition-in-experimental-chronic-kidney-disease
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominique M Bovée, Estrellita Uijl, David Severs, Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán, Richard van Veghel, Antoinette Maassen van den Brink, Jaap A Joles, Robert Zietse, Catherina A Cuevas, A H Jan Danser, Ewout J Hoorn
Chronic kidney disease contributes to hypertension, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. To address this, we applied the 5/6th nephrectomy rat model to characterize hypertension and the response to dietary salt and renin-angiotensin inhibition. 5/6th nephrectomy caused low-renin, salt-sensitive hypertension with hyperkalemia and unsuppressed aldosterone. Compared with sham rats, 5/6th nephrectomized rats had lower Na+ /H+ exchanger isoform 3, Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter, Na+ -Cl- cotransporter, α-epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), and Kir4...
April 1, 2021: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33248275/molecular-investigation-of-glycated-insulin-induced-insulin-resistance-via-insulin-signaling-and-age-rage-axis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prachi B Walke, Sneha B Bansode, Nikita P More, Arvindkumar H Chaurasiya, Rakesh S Joshi, Mahesh J Kulkarni
Hyperglycemic condition in diabetes promotes glycation of various plasma proteins including insulin. Glycation of insulin has been reported to reduce its biological activity. Reduced biological activity of glycated insulin could be either due to reduced affinity for the insulin receptor and impaired insulin signaling, or it can act as a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and activates oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways leading to insulin resistance. This study investigates the effect of glycated insulin on both insulin and RAGE signaling...
November 25, 2020: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33201644/histone-deacetylase-activity-and-the-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system-key-elements-in-cardiorenal-alterations-provoked-by-chronic-malnutrition-in-male-adult-rats
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Humberto Muzi-Filho, Larissa B Jannuzzi, Ana C S Bouzan, Sarana Alves-Barros, Danilo S Alves-Bezerra, Amaury Pereira-Acácio, Bruna S N Ferreira, Debora Silva-Pereira, Gloria Costa-Sarmento, Adalberto Vieyra
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic malnutrition (M) affects >1 billion people worldwide. Epidemiological data point to long-term renal and cardiovascular outcomes (e.g. arterial hypertension, cardiorenal syndromes). The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated in the physiopathology of these disturbances, but M-induced alterations in RAAS-modulated renal Na+ handling and their cardiovascular repercussions are not known. Moreover, altered tissue-specific histone deacetylases (HDAC) results in arterial hypertension and the use of sodium Valproate (Val; a HDAC inhibitor) reduces blood pressure...
November 18, 2020: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33145772/cardiac-pathology-in-mucopolysaccharidosis-i-mice-losartan-modifies-erk1-2-activation-during-cardiac-remodeling
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Esteban Alberto Gonzalez, Santiago Alonso Tobar Leitão, Douglas Dos Santos Soares, Angela Maria Vicente Tavares, Roberto Giugliani, Guilherme Baldo, Ursula Matte
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, that codifies the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme, which deficiency leads to storage of glycosaminoglycans, with multiple clinical manifestations. One of the leading causes of death in MPS I patients are cardiac complications such as cardiac valve thickening, conduction abnormalities, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in MPS I is not entirely understood...
November 4, 2020: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33082055/losartan-prevents-mesenteric-vascular-bed-alterations-in-high-fat-diet-fed-rats
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyun J Lee, Silvana M Cantú, María Álvarez Primo, Horacio A Peredo, Adriana S Donoso, Ana M Puyó, Marcelo R Choi
Dysfunction of perivascular adipose tissue of mesenteric bed participates in the pathophysiology of high blood pressure linked to metabolic syndrome. Thus, it might consider a new therapeutic objective to take account in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Besides its antihypertensive effect, there is a growing interest on the pleiotropic actions of losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1 ) receptor antagonist. The aim of the study was to analyze the actions of losartan treatment on adiposity index and prostanoids release from mesenteric vascular bed and its relationship with blood pressure as well as homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Sprague-Dawley rats under a high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks...
October 17, 2020: Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33060184/angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-receptor-blockers-rescue-memory-defects-in-drosophila-expressing-alzheimer-s-disease-related-transgenes-independently-of-the-canonical-renin-angiotensin-system
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shin-Hann Lee, Sarah M Gomes, Judy Ghalayini, Konstantin G Iliadi, Gabrielle L Boulianne
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder that causes progressive memory and cognitive decline. Recently, studies have reported that inhibitors of the mammalian renin angiotensin system (RAS) result in a significant reduction in the incidence and progression of AD by unknown mechanisms. Here, we used a genetic and pharmacological approach to evaluate the beneficial effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-Is) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in Drosophila expressing AD-related transgenes...
October 15, 2020: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32899487/the-role-of-losartan-as-a-potential-neuroregenerative-pharmacological-agent-after-aneurysmal-subarachnoid-haemorrhage
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefan Wanderer, Lukas Andereggen, Jan Mrosek, Sepide Kashefiolasl, Serge Marbacher, Jürgen Konczalla
BACKGROUND: Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) remains a major cause of delayed cerebral ischaemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), making it a life-threatening type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelin-1 is known as key player mediating a strong vasocontractile effect. Interestingly, losartan restores the impaired vasorelaxative ET(B1 ) receptor function in a non-competitive direct fashion. With this study, we aimed to investigate a potential losartan-dependent vasodilatory effect vice versa by inhibiting NO release through L-NAME, thus pushing forward concepts to alleviate vasospasm and possibly prevent ischaemia and neurodegeneration...
September 5, 2020: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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