seborrheic dermatitis HIV

INTRODUCTION: Malassezia is a lipophilic and lipid-dependent yeast genus belonging to the skin microbiota of humans and other animals. However, due to dysbiosis processes or other factors in the host, this yeast can cause different pathologies, ranging from skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, to fungemia. Isolation of Malassezia furfur has been reported in HIV-positive patients with or without skin lesions. Due to its opportunistic nature and its variable resistance to antifungal compounds, it is relevant to know the Malassezia sensitivity profiles...

BACKGROUND: More than 90% of HIV-infected patients present with at least one mucocutaneous manifestation during the course of their disease. Insufficient data are available regarding dermatologic findings among HIV-infected patients in Madagascar. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations and their relationship with CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients in Madagascar. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on HIV-positive patients attending the Department of Infectious Diseases in the University Hospital of Antananarivo in Madagascar was conducted from January 2013 to March 2020...

Malignant syphilis (MS) is a rare dermatological manifestation of secondary syphilis. This case report describes a young woman that presented with a 15-day history of generalized condyloma lata and seborrheic dermatitis-like lesions at various stages. Laboratory tests showed a toluidine red unheated serum test titre of 1:128 and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination positivity. Serology for HIV antibodies was repeatedly negative. MS was diagnosed according to established MS diagnostic criteria. The lesions regressed after treatment with 2 400 000 units penicillin G benzathine by intramuscular injection weekly for three consecutive weeks...

Objectives: To study the clinico-epidemiologic attributes of persons living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: Clinico-epidemiological details, CD4 counts, previous illness and mucocutaneous diseases were studied in 515 persons living with HIV/AIDS on HAART. Results: The study comprised 250 (48.5%) males and 265 (51.5%) females aged between 10 and 79 (mean 38.9) years. The 196 (38%) males were drivers, staying-alone laborers/self-employed, and 253 (49...

Facial seborrheic dermatitis is common in HIV-positive patients, and the presence of facial lesions can affect quality of life. The management and control of lesions can be frustrating for both physicians and patients. In this pilot clinical study, we clinically evaluated the effectiveness of a topical non-steroidal cream in treating mild to moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis in 20 HIV-positive patients. The patients applied a twice-a-day topical cream containing zinc PCA, piroctone olamine, hydroxyphenyl propamidobenzoic acid, biosaccharide gum-2, and stearyl glycyrrhetinate for 12 weeks with no topical or oral antifungal or corticosteroid treatment...

This study aimed to document the dermatoses and their relationships with CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and clinical stages of disease among people living with HIV followed by our Clinical Department, to investigate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on findings and to compare with real-world data. Medical records of people living with HIV were analyzed retrospectively in our outpatient clinic from January 2005 to June 2017. A total of 500 patient files were examined. 179 patients with dermatoses were included in the study...

Chronic pruritus carries a significant burden of disease and is associated with a negative impact on quality of life. African Americans are disproportionately burdened by chronic pruritic disorders, including but not limited to atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, inflammatory scalp dermatoses, pathologic scarring, and HIV-related dermatoses. Racial differences in skin structure and function may contribute to the pathogenesis of itch in African Americans. Itch perception and response to treatment in African Americans remain understudied and not well understood...

Background: Although the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mucocutaneous diseases has been well studied within South African specialist centres, there is limited data from district-level hospitals. Available data may, therefore, fail to reflect the prevalence and full spectrum of dermatoses seen in people living with HIV (PLWH). Objectives: To determine the prevalence and spectrum of dermatoses seen in PLWH. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 970 PLWH (men and women, ≥ 18 years old) accessing care at Karl Bremer Hospital, a district-level hospital located in the Western Cape province, South Africa, between 01 September 2016 and 28 February 2017...

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a chronic, recurrent dermatosis, of unknown etiology, which is histologically characterized by folliculotropic inflammatory infiltrates with admixed eosinophils in the dermis. It has often presented with immunosuppression and especially with HIV-Infection. In the HAART-era, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis has become a rarity. It is often being misdiagnosed as acne vulgaris, rosacea, bacterial folliculitis, dermatomycosis and seborrheic dermatitis. The treatment of this disease may be difficult...

Background: More than 90% of human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) infected patients show at least one mucocutaneous manifestation during the course of their disease. The frequency, pattern, and associated factors of these complications vary among different populations. Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the frequency of cutaneous presentations in HIV-infected patients and their association with the count of CD4 cells. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on eighty-four HIV-positive patients, who attended the Behavior Consultation Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences...

BACKGROUND: Atypical and severe clinical presentations of seborrheic-like dermatitis (SLD) are associated with HIV infection, correlating with advanced disease or low CD4 counts. Previous studies documented histological findings characteristic of seborrheic dermatitis in HIV-positive patients. OBJECTIVE: To expand current knowledge of the clinicopathological characteristics of SLD in South African HIV-seropositive individuals. METHODS: This prospective study included HIV-seropositive adult patients presenting with SLD to a dermatology clinic from March 2017 to April 2018...

The underlying mechanism of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is poorly understood but major scientific progress has been made in recent years related to microbiology, immunology and genetics. In light of this, the major goal of this article was to summarize the most recent articles on SD, specifically related to underlying pathophysiology. SD results from Malassezia hydrolysation of free fatty acids with activation of the immune system by the way of pattern recognition receptors, inflammasome, IL-1β and NF-kB...

BACKGROUND: Malassezia, a skin saprophyte, is frequently isolated from patients with seborrheic dermatitis, which is one of the most common dermatoses in HIV-infected patients. Its role in pathophysiology has not been defined. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients living with HIV and seborrheic dermatitis have more Malassezia than those without seborrheic dermatitis. METHOD: This is an descriptive, observational, prospective cross-sectional study to which all adult patients living with HIV that attend the infectious disease outpatient clinic at the Dr...

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (SD) is a very common chronic and/or relapsing inflammatory skin disorder whose pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Yeast of the genus Malassezia has long been regarded as a main predisposing factor, even though causal relationship has not been firmly established. Additional predisposing factors have been described, including sebaceous activity, host immunity (especially HIV infection), epidermal barrier integrity, skin microbiota, endocrine and neurologic factors, and environmental influences...

INTRODUCTION: Late Diagnosis (LD) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (CD4 lymphocytes <350/μl at diagnosis of the disease), deteriorates the condition of those affected and increases the probability of transmission. The objective of the present study was to analyse the prevalence of LD, to identify missed diagnostic opportunities (MDO) and to find out which level of the health care delivery system they took place. METHODS: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study of the population diagnosed with infection of HIV/AIDS in the period 2011-2015 in Aragon...

BACKGROUND: Mucocutaneous manifestations are one of the first clinical signs in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study describing dermatologic manifestations in Mauritanians infected with HIV. The aim of the present study was to determine the profiles of mucocutaneous manifestations in relation to CD4 T cell count in HIV-positive Mauritanian patients. METHODS: A total of 86 adult patients aged > 18 years old attending the Ambulatory Treatment Center of the National Hospital of Nouakchott, Mauritania, with newly diagnosed HIV and who were not under antiretroviral treatment were included in the study in 2015...

Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory and chronic disease with a high incidence and prevalence (1% to 3% in the general population, 3% to 5% in young adults, and 40% to 80% in HIV-positive individuals). Although the condition was first described in 1887, its clinical aspects and clinical forms have still not been well individualized, nor has its etiopathogenesis been fully elucidated. The disease, despite having clinical features similar to dermatitis, does not have the same histopathologic features or the same progressive clinical behavior...

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common inflammatory skin condition. The etiology is unclear, although overgrowth of Malassezia on the skin has been suggested to cause SD. This study investigated whether colonization with Staphylococcus plays a role in facial SD, which was not well addressed previously. METHODS: The study was conducted from September 1, 2011 to February 20, 2012 in the First Hospital of China Medical University. In the first phase, the study evaluated the level of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus in defined skin areas of SD patients who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive (HIV [+] SD [+] group, n = 13), classical SD (HIV [-] SD [+] group, n = 24) patients, HIV seropositive-non-SD (HIV [+] SD [-] group, n = 16) patients, and healthy volunteers (HIV [-] SD [-] group, n = 16)...

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemicity is a major concern today as it causes greater loss of productivity than any other disease. HIV infection leads to profound immune deficiency and patients become highly susceptible to opportunistic infections (OIs). HIV epidemic in India is heterogeneous in nature, both in terms of routes of transmission as well as geographical spread. AIMS: (1) Determine prevalence of OIs among HIV-seropositive patients and their relation to CD4 count and to focus on the routes of transmission...

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is reported to have distinct clinical and histologic presentations in patients with HIV infection. Here we present 20 cases to further define some of these unique characteristics. Common features include erythematous, scaly papules, and plaques involving areas beyond the typical seborrheic distribution; thick, greasy scale on the scalp; and an increased frequency of erythroderma. Histologically, there is widespread parakeratosis, spongiosis, and necrotic keratinocytes. Treatment is often difficult, requiring prolonged use of oral and topical antifungals and corticosteroids as well as antibiotics for bacterial superinfection...