Ctxm

Contamination of duodenoscopes is a significant concern due to the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among patients who undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), resulting in outbreaks worldwide. In July 2020, it was determined that three different patients, all had undergone ERCP with the same duodenoscope, were infected. Two patients were infected with blaCTX-M-15 encoding Citrobacter freundii, one experiencing a bloodstream infection and the other a urinary tract infection, while another patient had a bloodstream infection caused by blaSHV-12 encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae...

UNLABELLED: Early initiation of antimicrobial therapy targeting resistant bacterial pathogens causing sepsis and bloodstream infections (BSIs) is critical for a successful outcome. The T2Resistance Panel (T2R) detects the following resistance genes within organisms that commonly cause BSIs directly from patient blood samples: blaKPC , blaCTXM-14/15 , blaNDM /bla/IMP /blaVIM , blaAmpC , blaOXA , vanA , vanB , and mec A/ mec C. We conducted a prospective study in two major medical centers for the detection of circulating resistance genes by T2R in patients with BSIs...

This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore quinolone resistant Enterobacteriaceae followed by searching the prevalence of three groups of quinolone resistance genes (QnrA, QnrB and QnrS) from January 2015 to December 2015 at Dhaka Medical College hospital, Bangladesh. Then genes for ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase were detected among Qnr positive strains for better understanding the role of these genes for multiple drug resistance. Total 340 urines, sputum, wound swab and blood samples were collected from DMCH...

ESBL-producing E. coli is a public health concern in healthcare settings and the community. Between 2009 and 2018, a total of 187 ESBL-producing pathogenic E. coli isolates were identified, and clonal complex (CC) 10 was the predominant clone ( n = 57). This study aimed to characterize the ESBL-producing pathogenic E. coli CC10 strains obtained from patients with diarrhea to improve our understanding of CC10 distribution in the Republic of Korea. A total of 57 CC10 strains were selected for comprehensive molecular characterization, including serotype identification, the analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, the investigation of genetic environments, the determination of plasmid profiles, and the assessment of genetic correlations among CC10 strains...

AIMS: This study aimed to examine antibiotic resistance and the epidemiology of ESBL-producing E. coli associated with bloodstream infections over a period of 10 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: Isolates were collected from January 2009 to December 2019 and those testing for E. coli were included. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the VITEK® system. Selected isolates were further characterized by amplification of marker genes . The blaCTX-M-15 allele was the most abundant...

Nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) are often reported worldwide, mostly associated with a small number of multilocus-sequence types of E. hormaechei and E. cloacae strains. In Europe, the largest clonal outbreak of bla NDM-1 -producing ECC has been recently reported, involving an ST182 E. hormaechei strain in a Greek teaching hospital. In the current study, we aimed to further investigate the genetic make-up of two representative outbreak isolates. Comparative genomics of whole genome sequences (WGS) was performed, including whole genome-based taxonomic analysis and in silico prediction of virulence determinants of the bacterial cell surface, plasmids, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors present on genomic islands...

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen involved in number of hospital-acquired infections such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections, bacteremia, septicemia, skin infections, and ventilator-associated pneumoniae. Biofilm formation is an important trait implicated in chronic infections, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary obstruction. We evaluated effects of gentamicin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin on biofilm of P. aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 266 isolates were collected from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The immediate emergence of resistant bacteria poses an increasingly growing problem to human society and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains is one of the most important health problems. This study aimed to review the molecular epidemiology of drug resistance among clinical isolates of E. coli in north-west portion of Iran Azerbaijan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A complete of 219 clinical isolates of E...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. Surveillance of AMR requires affordable, rapid, and user-friendly diagnostic methods. Our aim was to develop a low-cost thermocycler to perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We developed a smartphone-operated PCR thermal cycler using locally available recycled materials. The thermal cycler was used for the amplification for three bacterial genes-bla-TEM, bla-CTXM and 16s rRNA in human urine samples. The performance of custom-built thermal cycler was compared with commercial thermal cycler...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). There is rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance in UTIs, also declared as a serious health threat by World Health Organization (WHO). Present study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance status with specific focus on ESBLs and carbapenemases in local uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates. E. coli isolates were characterized from patients of all ages visiting diagnostic laboratories for urine examination...

The study was conducted to identify the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in Lactobacillus spp. from poultry probiotic products and their potential to spread among Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus spp. were isolated and identified from 35 poultry probiotic samples based on the cultural, biochemical, and molecular findings. All the isolates ( n  = 35) were screened for the presence of some ARGs such as β-lactamases encoding genes ( bla TEM, bla CTXM-1, and bla CTXM-2), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene ( qnr A, qnr B, and qnr S), and tetracycline resistance genes ( tet A and tet B)...

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is one of India's valuable and populous medicinal plants which belongs to the family Oleaceae, and widely recognize as night jasmine. Over the years till date, different parts of the plant are used to treat or cure different ailments via various means of traditional medicine. Endophytes are organisms that live in the cell or body of other organisms with no apparent negative impact on the host which they inhabit and are of great source of novel bioactive compounds possessing important economic value...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Here, the molecular mechanisms of MDR in bacteria responsible of sepsis in neonates was determined. METHODS: From July to December 2019, documented bacteraemia from 524 neonates hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Morocco were collected. WGS was used to determine the resistome, MLST and phylogeny...

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is one of the main etiological agents responsible for bovine mastitis (BM), neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), and avian colibacillosis (AC). This study aimed to assess resistance and virulence genes content, biofilm-forming ability, phylogenetic groups, and genetic relatedness in E. coli isolates recovered from clinical cases of BM, NCD, and AC. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 120 samples including samples of milk ( n = 70) and feces ( n = 50) from cows with BM and calves with NCD, respectively, were collected from different farms in Northern Tunisia...

BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in the poultry production sector, and severe respiratory infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, opr L sequencing, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence-determinant, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa retrieved from broiler chickens. METHODS: Two hundred samples were collected from 120 broiler chickens from broiler farms at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt...

Introduction. Klebsiella aerogenes is a nosocomial pathogen associated with drug resistance and healthcare-associated infections. Gap Statement. K. aerogenes is associated with hospital-acquired infections with the ability to acquire mechanisms of resistance to reserve antimicrobials; its clinical behaviour has been poorly documented. Objective. We proposed to investigate an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant K. aerogenes in a hospital that persisted for 4 months. Methods. The primary aim was to evaluate the molecular characteristics and the clonal relationships among the isolates...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the variations between extra-intestinal and intestinal infections of Aeromonas in terms of strain types, risk factors, drug susceptibility results, and the distribution of drug resistance and virulence genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 188 Aeromonas strains were identified to the species level using housekeeping genes ( rpoD, gyrB , and gyrA ). The risk factors for Aeromonas extra-intestinal and intestinal infection, as well as mortality, were retrospectively examined in this study...

Between April 2018 and August 2019, a total of 135 strains of Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) were randomly collected at the University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe to investigate the structure and diversity of the local bacterial population. These nosocomial isolates were initially identified genetically by the hsp60 typing method, which revealed the clinical relevance of E. xiangfangensis ( n = 69). Overall, 57/94 of the third cephalosporin-resistant strains were characterized as extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and their whole-genome was sequenced using Illumina technology to determine the clonal relatedness and diffusion of resistance genes...

A cross-sectional study covering four agro-climatic zones of West Bengal, India, was carried out to understand the risk-factors, antimicrobial resistance mechanism and clustering of the resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy (170) and diarrhoeic (74) goats reared under intensive (52) and semi-intensive (192) farming practices. Of the 488 E. coli isolates, the majority, including the extended spectrum (n: 64, 13.11%) and AmpC β-lactamase (ACBL) (n: 86, 17.62%) producers, were resistant to tetracycline (25...

A 'Thumb Rule for Antibiotic Design' against bacteria can be given as, ' The minimum pace of drug design ought to match the swiftness with which bacteria display cutting-edge resistance mechanisms; thereby outwitting the antibiotics and, in turn, the researchers '. Occurrence of drug resistance attributable to CXTM-variants in bacterial pathogens is widespread. In line with our above proposed thumb rule, the present article employed concatenation of virtual screening, docking and simulation to identify a potent in silico validated anti-CTXM-14 ligand...