antidiabetic drug research

CONTEXT: Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms is necessary since it is important for designing new drugs. This study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the design of drugs that are inhibitors of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This research aims to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying antidiabetic drug design. The molecular docking process yielded 4 compounds with the best affinity energy, including γ-Mangostin, 1,6-dimethyl-ester-3-isomangostin, 1,3,6-trimethyl-ester-α-mangostin, and 3,6,7-trimethyl-ester-γ-mangostin...

A new class of antidiabetic drugs - gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2; SGLT-2i) stimulate glucose and sodium excretion, thereby contributing to improved glycemic control, weight loss and blood pressure reduction in diabetic patients. Large clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin, canagliflozin or dapagliflozin have demonstrated their excellent efficacy in improving many cardiovascular outcomes, including the reduction of death from cardiovascular diseases, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure...

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a substantial burden globally and particularly in India, affecting health, finances, and overall quality of life. The management of this condition relies on lifestyle modifications and advanced pharmacological interventions, with emerging drugs showing promise in areas such as administration, side effects, efficacy, and cardiovascular benefits. However, their market penetration is hindered by high costs. Understanding the target population's expectations and willingness to pay (WTP) for these drugs is crucial...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β plaques. Recent research has unveiled the pivotal role of insulin signaling dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. Insulin, once thought to be unrelated to brain function, has emerged as a crucial factor in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes. Insulin and the downstream insulin signaling molecules are found mainly in the hippocampus and cortex...

PURPOSE: We previously showed the beneficial effect of L-Lysine (Lys), a chemical chaperone, on reducing diabetic complications in diabetic rats and type 2 diabetic patients. Herein, we evaluated the effect of Lys co-administration with Vitamin C and Zinc (Lys+VC+Zn), in diabetic rats. METHODS: The streptozotocin (50 mg/Kg) was injected into male adult Wistar rats to induce diabetes. Then, different groups of normal and diabetic rats were treated with Lys and Lys+VC+Zn for five months...

PURPOSE: As the elderly population grows, the prevalence of dementia is also rapidly increasing worldwide. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has been shown to have ameliorative effects on impaired cognitive functions in experimental models. However, studies have generally used young animals. Additionally, although it has a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and memory, literature information about the effects of metformin on the cholinergic system is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of metformin on memory in a model of scopolamine-induced memory impairment in aged rats...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing at an alarming rate, and only 50% of patients with T2DM achieve or maintain adequate glycemic control with pharmacological therapies. Metabolic surgery demonstrated superior efficacy compared to medical therapy but is unfeasible for most patients with T2DM. Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) by hydrothermal mucosal ablation, recellularization via electroporation therapy (ReCET), and photodynamic therapy are novel endoscopic procedures that use thermal, electrical, and photochemical energy, respectively, to ablate and reset dysfunctional duodenal mucosa...

The production of nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity of biological molecules for drug delivery to diseased sites. This study explains how silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coating enhanced the protection effects of vanillic acid in male diabetic rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups ( n = 6) for this investigation. The first group (G1) is untreated, whereas diabetes was induced in the other three groups through STZ injection. Diabetic rats that were not getting therapy were included in the second group (G2, STZ-positive), whereas the other diabetic rats were divided into the third group (G3, vanillic acid-treated) and the fourth group (G4, vanillic acid-coated AgNPs treated)...

BACKGROUND: Since the twenty-first century, the prevalence of diabetes has risen globally year by year. In Gansu Province, an economically underdeveloped province in northwest China, the cost of drugs for diabetes patients accounted for one-third of their total drug costs. To fundamentally reduce national drug expenditures and the burden of medication on the population, the relevant departments of government have continued to reform and improve drug policies. This study aimed to analyse long-term trends in antidiabetic drug use and expenditure in Gansu Province from 2012 to 2021 and to explore the role of pharmaceutical policy...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides the most recent update of metformin, a biguanide oral antihyperglycemic drug used as a first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS: Metformin continues to dominate in the world of antidiabetics, and its use will continue to rise because of its high efficiency and easy availability. Apart from type 2 diabetes, research is exploring its potential in other conditions such as cancer, memory loss, bone disorders, immunological diseases, and aging...

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic disorder, is associated with widespread damage to bodily systems, notably causing significant dysfunction within the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS). The primary objective of this study is to explore the extent of DM's impact on cognitive and behavioral functions and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ethanol leaf extracts from Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) and Eclipta alba (EA) in mitigating these adverse effects. Utilizing an established animal model, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of these plant extracts in ameliorating the cognitive impairments commonly seen in diabetic states...

The increasing side effects of traditional medications used to treat type II diabetes have made research into the development of safer and more effective natural medications necessary. ACT001, a derivative of parthenolide, has been shown to have good anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects; however, its role in diabetes is unclear. The short-chain fatty acid propionate is a common food preservative that has been found to cause disturbances in glucose metabolism in mice and humans. This study aimed to investigate whether sodium propionate could aggravate insulin resistance in obese mice and cause diabetes and to study the alleviative effects and potential mechanisms of action of ACT001 on insulin resistance in diabetic mice...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels resulting from defective insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action, or both. DM is often associated with severe complications, and there is an increasing appreciation that cognitive function declines in DM. The aim of this research work was to evaluate Kigelia pinnata root bark extract in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-2 diabetes. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i...

Metformin Hydrochloride (MH), an orally administered antidiabetic drug from the biguanide family, encounters issues of wide particle size distribution, inefficient dissolution rates and short half-life leading to excess dosage which can result in lactic acidosis. Novel approaches that yield smaller particle size and uniform distribution at higher yields are significant to tackle problems associated with solubility and optimum dosage levels of the administered drugs. In the current research related to microsphere synthesis, a controlled process based on pressure and ultrasonic nozzles for the atomization of liquid, was applied with an objective of optimizing particle size of microspheres of MH in sodium alginate, a biopolymer excipient matrix...

The intestinal microbiota refers to the collection of microorganisms that exist in the human gut. It has been said that bacteria influence the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, as they have roles in immunomodulation, protection against pathogens, blood vessel growth, repairing the intestinal wall, and the development of the neurological system. In this review, we look at the latest research regarding interactions between gut microbiota and oral antihyperglycemic drugs and we present data suggesting that the microbiome may help counteract the reduced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance associated with metabolic disorders...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic kidney disease (T2DM-CKD) have a 5 times higher risk of developing severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than those without these 2 diseases. The goal of this study is to provide information on T2DM-CKD and COVID-19 outcomes, with an emphasis on the association with anti-diabetic medications. METHODOLOGY: Study is designed as a retrospective cohort analysis covering the years 2020 and 2021. Data from the National Diabetes Registry (CroDiab) were linked to hospital data, primary healthcare data, Causes of Death Registry data, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination database, and the SARS-CoV-2 test results database...

Sotagliflozin is the first dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor antidiabetic drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of heart failure. SGLT1/2 inhibition is observed to potentiate the secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The current preclinical research sought to investigate the effect of sotagliflozin on the secretion of fat-regulating peptides such as GLP-1, glucagon and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and their prospective association with sotagliflozin's potential beneficial effects on dyslipidaemia...

AIMS: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have a direct cardiac effect that is likely to be independent of its glucose lowering renal effect. Previous research has shown that SGLT2-is mitigate heart failure and prevent arrhythmic cardiac death. Our objective is to determine whether SGLT-2is reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) in comparison to other second-to third-line antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a population-based, new-user active comparator cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink...

The rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) poses a significant healthcare challenge on a global scale. The economic impact is also substantial and continually increasing. In Serbia, even though the prevalence is officially around 12 percent, nearly 40 percent of the adult population is estimated to be living with undiagnosed diabetes and more than half the population is obese or overweight. This review comprehensively addresses the present approach to treating T2D, emphasizing the critical role of treatment adherence...

The world of pharmaceutical research has been increasingly turning its gaze toward the treasure trove of natural products in search of novel drugs and therapeutic agents. Amidst the vast array of medicinal plants that dot our planet, the Asclepiadaceae family unexplored species have piqued the interest of researchers. Both medicinal plants are indigenous to specific regions and have been integral to traditional medicine systems for centuries. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding the phytochemical profile of these plants and their potential implications in the pharmaceutical industry...