Health screening

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Secondary prevention is essential, as it reduces the risk of further coronary events. Mobile health (mHealth) technology could become a useful tool to improve lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an mHealth intervention on people with coronary heart disease who received percutaneous coronary intervention. Improvements in lifestyle regarding diet, physical activity, and smoking; level of knowledge of a healthy lifestyle and the control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs); and therapeutic adherence and quality of life were analyzed...

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IMPORTANCE: Prostate cancer guidelines often recommend obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before a biopsy, yet MRI access is limited. To date, no randomized clinical trial has compared the use of novel biomarkers for risk estimation vs MRI-based diagnostic approaches for prostate cancer screening. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biomarker-based risk estimation (Stockholm3 risk scores or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels) with systematic biopsies vs an MRI-enhanced strategy (PSA levels and MRI with systematic and targeted biopsy) for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in a screening setting...

PURPOSE: Retinal and optic nerve diseases have become the primary cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness. However, there is still a lack of thorough evaluation regarding their prevalence in China. METHODS: This artificial intelligence-based national screening study applied a previously developed deep learning algorithm, named the Retinal Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis System (RAIDS). De-identified personal medical records from January 2019 to December 2021 were extracted from 65 examination centers in 19 provinces of China...

PURPOSE: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the cornerstone of high-quality care for older adults. There is no current gold standard to guide what should be included as the baseline measure for CGAs. We examined what metrics are being captured in CGA baseline assessments completed by community based integrated care teams in Ireland. METHODS: CGA's care pathways in Ireland are usually initiated with a written document that establish patients baseline in various assessment areas...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the association between migraine headache and glaucoma among the adult population living in Armenia. METHODS: This case-control study recruited 145 cases with glaucoma and 250 controls without glaucoma and other ocular disorders except refractive error from Optomed Canada Diagnostic Eye Center in Armenia. A structured questionnaire contained questions on socio-demographics, family history of glaucoma and stroke, ocular health, smoking, migraine, and obstructive sleep apnea...

BACKGROUND: Up to 20% of youth have impairing mental health problems as early as age 3. Early identification and intervention of mental health risks in pediatric primary care could mitigate this crisis via prevention prior to disease onset. The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a brief transdiagnostic screening instrument in pediatric primary care for irritability and corollary impairment. METHOD: Five pediatric clinicians in a Midwest clinic implemented the Multidimensional Assessment Profiles-Early Assessment Screener of Irritability (MAPS-EASI) for toddlers (24-30 months) and their families...

INTRODUCTION: Screening to promote social-emotional well-being in toddlers has positive effects on long-term health and functioning. Communication about social-emotional well-being can be challenging for primary care clinicians for various reasons including lack of time, training and expertise, resource constraints, and cognitive burden. Therefore, we explored clinicians' perspectives on identifying and communicating with caregivers about social-emotional risk in toddlers. METHOD: In 2021, semistructured interviews were conducted with pediatric clinicians (N = 20) practicing in Federally Qualified Health Centers in a single metropolitan area...

INTRODUCTION: Primary care is at the forefront of addressing the pediatric mental health (MH) crisis due to its broad reach to young children and prevention and health promotion orientation. However, the promise of the delivery system for population impact remains unrealized due to several barriers, including pragmatic screening, decisional uncertainty, and limited access to evidence-based services. METHOD: This article lays the conceptual foundations for the articles in this Special Section on Mental Health, Earlier in Pediatric Primary Care, which all apply a translational mindset to proposed strategies and solutions to overcome the barriers that have limited the potential of pediatric primary care for improving the MH and wellbeing of all children...

Leading national health organizations have declared pediatric mental health an urgent public health issue. Pediatric primary care is an ideal setting to improve mental health in young children; however, various existing barriers limit the effective identification of social-emotional risk among toddlers. This special section of Families, Systems, & Health includes four articles that identify multilevel barriers and facilitators to population-level early childhood mental health screening, identification, and referral and describe implementation strategies that may be used to improve pediatric mental health...

The development of functional textiles combining conventional apparel with advanced technologies for personal health management (PHM) has garnered widespread attention. However, the current PHM textiles often achieve multifunctionality by stacking functional modules, leading to poor durability and scalability. Herein, a scalable and robust PHM textile is designed by integrating electrical, radiative, and solar heating, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and piezoresistive sensing performance onto cotton fabric...

OBJECTIVE: To identify patients presenting to an acute medical hospital with common signs and symptoms that occur in people with eating disorders (EDs), and determine by retrospective file audit if these are diagnosed cases of an ED. METHOD: The investigators screened electronic medical records of people 16 years and older for common signs and symptoms of an ED such as hypokalemia, in patients presenting to an acute hospital in Sydney, Australia from 2018 to 2020...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine diabetes distress as a potential mediator of the relationship between depression symptoms and diabetes outcomes, including hemoglobin A1c (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) and diabetes management behaviors in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults. METHODS: In a pediatric diabetes clinic, 716 youth (ages 12-21 years) completed measures of diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen [PAID-T]), a single-item of diabetes distress, and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]) as part of standard care...

BACKGROUND: HIV and syphilis disproportionately impact communities with low access to primary care, who often utilize urgent care centers (UCC) for sexual healthcare. UCC visits represent an opportunity for identification and treatment of syphilis and linkage to HIV testing and prevention services. We describe a universal, opt-out syphilis screening program pilot at an Atlanta UCC. METHODS: A chart review was performed on patients 18 years and older who were offered opt-out syphilis screening and had a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test collected from 9/1/21 to 12/31/21...

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most severe haemoglobinopathies, a group of blood disorders, typically inherited. The condition affects over 7.7 million people globally and results in more than 370,000 deaths per year. The highest morbidity and mortality rates are seen in Africa and most children with SCD are born in Tanzania. The available literature on SCD morbidity in Tanzania focus primarily on the residents of the mainland, while there is little data available on SCD morbidity among residents of the Tanzanian islands in the Indian Ocean...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to screen for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) complaints, to analyse the activity and to identify their risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological study involved 903 men aged > 20 years and with a seniority > 2 years. It included a questionnaire and an ergonomic analysis of the activity. The questionnaire included: socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, health status and life habits, stress and items from the Nordic questionnaire...

BACKGROUND: The chronic, inflammatory skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) (prevalence: 0.5%-1%, diagnostic delay: 7-10 years) primarily arises in younger adults and frequently coincides with autoimmune comorbidities and unhealthy life-styles (smoking and obesity). These factors are known to increase cancer risk, but despite this, information on cancer occurrence among HS patients is scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nationwide retrospective register-based study assessing relative risk of cancer - overall and by anatomical site - following HS diagnosis expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), which is ratios between observed cases among all Danes diagnosed with HS since 1977 and expected cases based on cancer incidence rates of the entire Danish population during the same period...

Background: Primary and secondary level preventive primary health care programs providing early detection and timely management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in rural and remote regions are fundamental to preventing downstream impacts on health, social, and educational outcomes. However, the range and quality of evidence is yet to be reviewed. Objectives: The study objectives were to identify and synthesize the evidence of primary health care interventions for detection and management of ENT conditions in rural and remote areas, and evaluate the quality of the research and effectiveness of interventions...

The proportion and area of ratoon rice planting in China have been substantially increased, due to continuous improvement of rice breeding methods and consecutive innovation of cultivation technology, which has developed into one of rice planting modes with significant production efficiency. Combining the experience in research and practice, from the perspective of crop physiology and ecology, we reviewed the current situation and prospects of high-yielding formation and physiological mechanisms of ratoon rice...

Yanhe River Basin is located in the hilly gully area of the Loess Plateau with serious soil erosion. Strong human activities in the middle and lower reaches lead to fragile ecological environment. Soil erosion status varies among different geomorphic units within the watershed (loess liang hilly and gully region, loess mao hilly and gully region, and broken platform region). In this study, we surveyed the benthic community from the Yanhe River Basin in April (spring) and October (autumn) of 2021. To evaluate the water ecological health status of the watershed and investigate the effects of different geomorphic units on the benthic integrity of the benthos, we constructed the benthic-index of biotical integrity (B-IBI) based on the biological data...