keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531174/effect-of-increasing-cognitive-activity-participation-on-default-mode-network-in-older-adults-with-subjective-cognitive-decline-a-randomised-controlled-trial
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allen Ting Chun Lee, Yishan Luo, Zhaohua Huo, Lin Shi, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu, Linda Chiu Wa Lam
BACKGROUND: Having more cognitive activities may prevent dementia, but its evidence of modulating the functional brain network is limited. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigated the effect of increased cognitive activity participation on the default mode network (DMN) in older adults who had already been having regular cognitive activity participation and experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS: Community-living Chinese individuals aged 55-75 years with regular practice of Chinese calligraphy and screened positive for SCD (but negative for mild cognitive impairment or dementia) were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group...
March 25, 2024: EBioMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529198/the-association-between-cognitive-reserve-and-cognitive-trajectories-among-older-adults
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rabia Khalaila, Christina Dintica, Kristine Yaffe
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prior studies on cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive trajectories are limited and have had conflicting results. Furthermore, most studies have used a single measure of CR that may not reflect a comprehensive exposure. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of individual and composite CR measures on cognitive decline over a 6-year period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 55,340 participants from 16 European countries, aged 50 and older, who participated in the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe...
2024: Innovation in Aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524114/mitigating-cellular-aging-and-enhancing-cognitive-functionality-visual-arts-mediated-cognitive-activation-therapy-in-neurocognitive-disorders
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuela Campisi, Luana Cannella, Dilek Celik, Carlo Gabelli, Donata Gollin, Marco Simoni, Cristina Ruaro, Elena Fantinato, Sofia Pavanello
The growing phenomenon of population aging is redefining demographic dynamics, intensifying age-related conditions, especially dementia, projected to triple by 2050 with an enormous global economic burden. This study investigates visual arts-mediated Cognitive Activation Therapy (CAT) as a non-pharmacological CAT intervention targets both biological aging [leukocyte telomere length (LTL), DNA methylation age (DNAmAge)] and cognitive functionality. Aligning with a broader trend of integrating non-pharmacological approaches into dementia care...
2024: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522385/childhood-engagement-in-cognitively-stimulating-activities-moderates-relationships-between-brain-structure-and-cognitive-function-in-adulthood
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra M Gaynor, Yunglin Gazes, Caleb R Haynes, Reshma S Babukutty, Christian Habeck, Yaakov Stern, Yian Gu
Greater engagement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSA) during adulthood has been shown to protect against neurocognitive decline, but no studies have investigated whether CSA during childhood protects against effects of brain changes on cognition later in life. The current study tested the moderating role of childhood CSA in the relationships between brain structure and cognitive performance during adulthood. At baseline (N=250) and 5-year follow-up (N=204) healthy adults aged 20-80 underwent MRI to assess four structural brain measures and completed neuropsychological tests to measure three cognitive domains...
February 23, 2024: Neurobiology of Aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508080/mechanistic-insights-into-the-potential-role-of-dietary-polyphenols-and-their-nanoformulation-in-the-management-of-alzheimer-s-disease
#5
REVIEW
Hind Muteb Albadrani, Payal Chauhan, Sumel Ashique, M Arockia Babu, Danish Iqbal, Abdulmajeed G Almutary, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid, Mehnaz Kamal, Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, Mohammed Alsaweed, Munerah Hamed, Punya Sachdeva, Saikat Dewanjee, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Shreesh Ojha, Petr Salma, Niraj Kumar Jha
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate...
March 19, 2024: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489189/the-mediating-role-of-cortical-atrophy-on-the-relationship-between-the-resilience-index-and-cognitive-function-findings-from-the-healthy-brain-initiative
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deirdre M O'Shea, Simone Camacho, Reem Ezzeddine, Lilah Besser, Magdalena I Tolea, Lily Wang, Conor Galvin, Gregory Gibbs, James E Galvin
BACKGROUND: Lifestyle factors are linked to differences in brain aging and risk for Alzheimer's disease, underscored by concepts like 'cognitive reserve' and 'brain maintenance'. The Resilience Index (RI), a composite of 6 factors (cognitive reserve, physical and cognitive activities, social engagement, diet, and mindfulness) provides such a holistic measure. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the association of RI scores with cognitive function and assess the mediating role of cortical atrophy...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481553/peripheral-pulse-harmonic-analysis-and-its-clinical-application-a-systematic-review
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kun-Yuan Hsiao, Jiunn-Horng Kang, Yeong-Shing Wu, Hen-Hong Chang, Cheng-Ta Yang
INTRODUCTION: Pulse harmonic analysis is a quantitative and objective methodology within traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to evaluate pulse characteristics. However, interpreting pulse wave data is challenging due to its inherent complexity. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review and comparison of existing human pulse wave harmonic analysis methods to elucidate their patterns and characteristics. METHODS: A systematic review of clinical research reports published from 1990 to 2021 was conducted, focusing on variations in harmonic characteristics across different medical conditions and physiological states...
March 2024: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468511/head-injury-treatment-with-healthy-and-advanced-dietary-supplements-hit-heads-a-pilot-randomized-controlled-trial-of-the-tolerability-safety-and-efficacy-of-branched-chain-amino-acids-bcaas-in-the-treatment-of-concussion-in-adolescents-and-young-adults
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel J Corwin, Sage R Myers, Kristy B Arbogast, Miranda M Lim, Jonathan E Elliott, Kristina B Metzger, Peter LeRoux, Jaclynn Elkind, Hannah Metheny, Jeffrey Berg, Kevin Pettijohn, Christina Master, Matthew P Kirschen, Akiva Cohen
Concussion is a common injury in the adolescent and young adult populations. While branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has shown improvements in neurocognitive and sleep function in pre-clinical animal models of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), to date, no studies have been performed evaluating the efficacy of BCAAs in concussed adolescents and young adults. The goal of this pilot trial was to determine the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of varied doses of oral branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in a group of concussed adolescents and young adults...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Neurotrauma
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468062/fractals-in-neuropsychology-and-cognitive-neuroscience
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Cerasa
The fractal dimension of cognition refers to the idea that the cognitive processes of the human brain exhibit fractal properties. This means that certain patterns of cognitive activity, such as visual perception, memory, language, or problem-solving, can be described using the mathematical concept of fractal dimension.The idea that cognition is fractal has been proposed by some researchers as a way to understand the complex, self-similar nature of the human brain. However, it's a relatively new idea and is still under investigation, so it's not yet clear to what extent cognitive processes exhibit fractal properties or what implications this might have for our understanding of the brain and clinical practice...
2024: Advances in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38449760/prolonged-theoretical-classes-impact-students-perceptions-an-observational-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Petra Kotnik, Bart Roelands, Špela Bogataj
Mental fatigue (MF) arises during prolonged demanding cognitive activity and results in acute feelings of tiredness and a decreased physical and/or cognitive performance capacity. An often-overlooked population that is significantly at risk for the development of MF are university students. The current study investigated the impact of prolonged in-person theoretical classes on the perceptions of MF, boredom, and sleepiness among 27 Slovenian university students (first-year physiotherapy). Their subjective experiences at various time points during a 4-h class interspersed with a 20 min break were assessed with a repeated measures ANOVA and consequent Bonferroni post-hoc tests (significance set at <0...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440250/microsaccades-reflect-attention-shifts-a-mini-review-of-20%C3%A2-years-of-microsaccade-research
#11
REVIEW
Quan Gu, Qikai Zhang, Yueming Han, Pengfei Li, Zaifeng Gao, Mowei Shen
Microsaccades are small, involuntary eye movements that occur during fixation. Since the 1950s, researchers have conducted extensive research on the role of microsaccades in visual information processing, and found that they also play an important role in human advanced visual cognitive activities. Research over the past 20 years further suggested that there is a close relationship between microsaccades and visual attention, yet lacking a timely review. The current article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review and bring microsaccades studies into the sight of attention research...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38439063/resistance-exercising-on-unstable-surface-leads-to-pupil-dilation
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Claußen, Tabea Heidelbach
BACKGROUND: Chronic resistance training and acute resistance exercises improve physical performance and can enhance cognitive performance. However, there is still uncertainty about the mechanism(s) responsible for cognitive improvement following resistance training and exercise. Recent findings suggest that resistance exercise has metabolic as well as cognitive demands, which potentially activate similar neural circuitry associated with higher-order cognitive function tasks. Exercising on unstable devices increases the coordinative and metabolic demands and thus may further increase cognitive activation during resistance exercise...
March 4, 2024: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38431428/sedentary-behavior-and-lifespan-brain-health
#13
REVIEW
Liye Zou, Fabian Herold, Boris Cheval, Michael J Wheeler, Dominika M Pindus, Kirk I Erickson, David A Raichlen, Gene E Alexander, Notger G Müller, David W Dunstan, Arthur F Kramer, Charles H Hillman, Mats Hallgren, Ulf Ekelund, Silvio Maltagliati, Neville Owen
Higher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies...
March 1, 2024: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423165/neurometabolic-and-brain-functional-alterations-associated-with-cognitive-impairment-in-patients-with-myasthenia-gravis-a-combined-1-h-mrs-and-fmri-study
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoling Zhou, Yang Yang, Feng Zhu, Xiang Chen, Yunfei Zhu, Tiantian Gui, Yonggang Li, Qun Xue
Whether patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) exhibit cognitive impairment is controversial. Also the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to investigate alterations in cognitive function, neurometabolite levels, and brain function in patients with MG and to explore the associations between abnormal regional brain functional activity, neurometabolite concentrations in the MPFC and left thalamus, and cognitive activity in patients with MG. Neuropsychological tests, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 41 patients with MG and 45 race-, sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs)...
February 27, 2024: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411152/-the-effectiveness-of-digital-care-applications-in-people-with-need-of-home-care-a-systematic-review
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sandy Scheibe, Patrick Timpel, Melanie Mäder, Ria Heinrich, Joachim Kugler, Tonio Schönfelder
The effectiveness of digital care applications in people with need of home care: A systematic review Abstract: Background: The growing need for long-term care poses challenges for healthcare systems. In June 2021, digital care applications (DiPA) were introduced as a new service in the statutory long-term care insurance in Germany. Their aim is to counteract the increased care need and/or support independence in the home. Aim: This project systematically identified and reported on national and international evidence on DiPA effectiveness, as described by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM)...
February 27, 2024: Pflege
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410951/physical-cognitive-and-social-activities-as-mediators-between-personality-and-cognition-evidence-from-four-prospective-samples
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yannick Stephan, Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Damaris Aschwanden, Antonio Terracciano
OBJECTIVES: The present study examined how activity engagement mediates the association between personality and cognition. METHODS: Participants were middle-aged and older adults (Age range: 24-93 years; N  > 16,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study, the Health and Retirement Study, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of Aging. In each sample, personality traits and demographic factors were assessed at baseline, engagement in cognitive, physical, and social activities was assessed in a second wave, and cognition was measured in a third wave, 8 to 20 years later...
February 27, 2024: Aging & Mental Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403273/impact-of-pain-and-neuropsychiatric-symptoms-on-activities-in-nursing-home-residents-cosmos-trial
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sifra H van de Beek, Ane Erdal, Bettina S Husebø, Maarja Vislapuu, Wilco P Achterberg, Monique A A Caljouw
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify whether pain and dementia-related behavior are associated with different types of activities in nursing home residents, controlled for dementia severity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional baseline data from the multicomponent cluster randomized controlled COSMOS trial (acronym for Communication, Systematic pain treatment, Medication review, Organization of activities, and Safety). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 723 patients from 33 Norwegian nursing homes with 67 units (clusters)...
February 22, 2024: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390174/an-ergonomic-study-of-arborist-work-activities
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, William Robb, Jakub Šácha
Arborists work in high-risk environments, particularly when climbing trees, where a combination of grip strength and resistance to psychological stress are important attributes for safety. This study investigated the physical and cognitive activities of arborists combined with selected workload factors such as blood pressure, pulse, handgrip strength, and other anthropometric measurements, including manual dexterity and spatial awareness. The sample included 10 participants aged 17-48 years. Blood pressure was negatively correlated with handgrip strength after the activity had been performed...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38385888/evolution-biomechanics-and-neurobiology-converge-to-explain-selective-finger-motor-control
#19
REVIEW
Jing Xu, Firas Mawase, Marc H Schieber
Humans use their fingers to perform a variety of tasks-from simple grasping, to manipulating objects, to typing and playing musical instruments-a variety wider than any other species. The more sophisticated the task, the more it involves individuated finger movements, those in which one or more selected fingers perform an intended action while the motion of other digits is constrained. Here we review the neurobiology of such individuated finger movements. We consider their evolutionary origins, the extent to which finger movements are in fact individuated, and the evolved features of neuromuscular control that both enable and limit individuation...
February 22, 2024: Physiological Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368855/the-roots-of-stem-what-are-the-evolutionary-and-neural-bases-of-human-mathematics-and-technology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernard Crespi
Introduction Neural exaptations represent descent via transitions to novel neural functions. A primary transition in human cognitive and neural evolution was from a predominantly socially-oriented primate brain to a brain that also instantiates and subserves science, and technology, and engineering, all of which depend on mathematics. Upon what neural substrates, and upon what evolved cognitive mechanisms, did human capacities for STEM, and especially its mathematical underpinnings, emerge? Previous theory focuses on roles for tools, language, and arithmetic in the cognitive origins of STEM, but none of these factors appears sufficient to support the transition...
February 17, 2024: Brain, Behavior and Evolution
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