goblet cell colon

The onset of depression commonly occurs in adolescence; therefore, depressive prevention and intervention are pivotal during this period. It is becoming evident that neurotransmitter imbalance and gut microbiota dysbiosis are prominent causes of depression. However, the underlying links and mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, with 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, genus Coprococcus markedly differentiated between the healthy and unmedicated depressive adolescents. Based on this, transplantation of Coprococcus eutactus (C...

There is an increasing appreciation that colonic barrier function is closely related to the development and progression of colitis. The mucus layer is a crucial component of the colonic barrier, responsible for preventing harmful bacteria from invading the intestinal epithelium and causing inflammation. Furthermore, a defective mucus barrier is also a significant characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC). Biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavonoid, has garnered increasing interest due to its significant biological activities...

The intestine plays a key role in metabolism, nutrient and water absorption, and provides both physical and immunological defense against dietary and luminal antigens. The protective mucus lining in the intestine is a critical component of intestinal barrier function that when compromised, can lead to dysfunctional intestinal barriers that are a defining characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), among other intestinal diseases. Here, we define a new role for the flavin-containing monooxygenase family of enzymes in maintaining a healthy intestinal epithelium...

Slow transit constipation (STC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults worldwide. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, has been found to alleviate STC, but the mechanisms of its effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PF on intestinal fluid metabolism and visceral sensitization in rats with compound diphenoxylate-induced STC. Based on the evaluation of the laxative effect, the abdominal withdrawal reflex test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the visceral sensitivity, fluid metabolism-related proteins, and acid-sensitive ion channel 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ASIC3/ERK) pathway-related molecules...

Constipation, which refers to difficulties in defecation and infrequent bowel movement in emptying the gastrointestinal system that ultimately produces hardened fecal matters, is a health concern in livestock and aging animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of dairy-isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to alleviate constipation as an alternative therapeutic intervention for constipation treatment in the aging model. Rats were aged via daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (600 mg/body weight [kg]), prior to induction of constipation via oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride (5 mg/body weight [kg])...

Many immune-mediated diseases have the common genetic basis, as an autoimmune disorder, celiac disease (CeD) primarily affects the small intestine, and is caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. As for ulcerative colitis (UC), which most likely involves a complex interplay between some components of the commensal microbiota and other environmental factors in its origin. These two autoimmune diseases share a specific target organ, the bowel. The etiology and immunopathogenesis of both conditions characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation, ulcerative colitis and celiac disease, are not completely understood...

The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of benzophenones (BPs) on the intestinal tract of mice and the potential mechanism. F1-generation ICR mice were exposed to BPs (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, and benzophenone-3) by breastfeeding from birth until weaning, and by drinking water after weaning until maturity. The offspring mice were executed on postnatal day 56, then their distal colons were sampled. AB-PAS staining, HE staining, immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscope, immunohistochemistry, western blot and RT-qPCR were used to study the effects of BPs exposure on the colonic tissues of offspring mice...

Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Ureaplasma parvum (UP) is clinically the most isolated microorganism in chorioamnionitis, but its pathogenicity remains debated. Chorioamnionitis is associated with ileal barrier changes, but colonic barrier alterations, including those of the mucus barrier, remain under-investigated, despite their importance in NEC pathophysiology. Therefore, in this study, the hypothesis that antenatal UP exposure disturbs colonic mucus barrier integrity, thereby potentially contributing to NEC pathogenesis, was investigated...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and reoccurring inflammatory bowel disease. The treatment effect of Alhagi maurorum and stem cell extracts on UC remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Alhagi maurorum combined with stem cell extract on the intestinal mucosal barrier in an intestinal inflammation mouse model. Sixty mice were randomly divided into a control group, model group, Alhagi group, MSC group, and MSC/Alhagi group. MSC and Alhagi extract were found to reduce the disease activity index (DAI) scores in mice with colitis, alleviate weight loss, improve intestinal inflammation in mice ( p < 0...

Etomidate (ETO) is used as an anesthetic in surgery, but it is being abused in some populations. The damage caused by long-term intake of ETO to intestinal and brain functions is not yet clear, and it remains to be determined whether the drug affects the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic and gastrointestinal effects of ETO at doses of 1mg/kg and 3mg/kg in mice over 14 consecutive days. The results showed that long-term injection of ETO led to drug resistance in mice, affecting their innate preference for darkness and possibly inducing dependence on ETO...

Dietary absorption and digestion are influenced by the microbiota, morphology, and digestive enzymes of intestines, and fermentation is a popular and effective technique to enhance animal rearing growth performance. This study aims to explore the pivotal role of Muscovy duck probiotics fermented feedstuff (FF) in altering the growth performance by reshaping gut morphology, microorganisms and metabolism. The findings showed that FF considerably raised the levels of fatty acids (FA) and small peptides (7-19AA) in the diet...

Oral ingestion of probiotics is a promising approach to relieving inflammatory disease through regulating the gut microbiota. A newly discovered strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 (LCY12), obtained from cattle-yak milk, displayed numerous probiotic properties. These included enhanced viability in low pH and bile environments, adhesion capabilities, and potent antimicrobial effects. The research aimed to explore the beneficial impacts of the novel LCY12 strain on colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms...

This study is to investigate the effect of SPS on the UC model. An animal model of UC induced by DSS was developed using C57BL/6 mice. The body weight was recorded every day, and the symptoms related to UC were detected. H&E staining, AB-PAS staining and PSR staining were used to evaluate the histopathological changes of the colon. Inflammation and mucosal barrier indicators were detected by qRT-PCR, and the 16 S rRNA sequence was used to detect the intestinal flora. SPS can significantly prevent and treat DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in animals...

Inflammation in ulcerative colitis is typically restricted to the mucosal layer of distal gut. Disrupted mucus barrier, coupled with microbial dysbiosis, has been reported to occur prior to the onset of inflammation. Here, we show the involvement of vesicular trafficking protein Rab7 in regulating the colonic mucus system. We identified a lowered Rab7 expression in goblet cells of colon during human and murine colitis. In vivo Rab7 knocked down mice (Rab7KD ) displayed a compromised mucus layer, increased microbial permeability, and depleted gut microbiota with enhanced susceptibility to dextran sodium-sulfate induced colitis...

This study explored the effects of different vitamin B5 (VB5) levels on intestinal growth and function of weaned piglets. Twenty-one piglets (7.20 ± 1.11 kg) were included in a 28-day feeding trial with three treatments, including 0 mg/kg (L-VB5), 10 mg/kg (Control) and 50 mg/kg (H-VB5) of VB5 supplement. The results showed that: Large intestine weight/body weight was the highest in H-VB5 group, Control and H-VB5 groups had significantly higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth than the L-VB5 in the ileum ( p  < ...

Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) are the persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, 0, 0.3, or 3-mg/kg PFOS were administered to pregnant mice from GD 11 to GD 18. The histopathology of liver and intestine, serum and hepatic lipid levels, lipid metabolism related genes, and gut microbiota were examined in adult female offspring. The results suggested that maternal PFOS exposure increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and induced F4/80+ macrophage infiltration in adult female offspring, in addition to the elevation of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels in low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively...

UNLABELLED: Dietary fiber deprivation is linked to probiotic extinction, mucus barrier dysbiosis, and the overgrowth of mucin-degrading bacteria. However, whether and how mucin could rescue fiber deprivation-induced intestinal barrier defects remains largely unexplored. Here, we sought to investigate the potential role and mechanism by which exogenous mucin maintains the gut barrier function. The results showed that dietary mucin alleviated fiber deprivation-induced disruption of colonic barrier integrity and reduced spermine production in vivo ...

Enterococcus durans , is a potential functional strain with the capacity to regulate intestinal health and ameliorate colonic inflammation. However, the strain requires further investigation regarding its safety profile and potential mechanisms of colitis improvement. In this study, the safety of E. durans 98D (Ed) as a potential probiotic was studied using in vitro methods. Additionally, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis model was employed to investigate its impact on the intestinal microbiota and colitis...

Various subtypes of nonconventional dysplasia have been recently described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that goblet cell deficient dysplasia and serrated dysplasia may be the primary precursor lesions for goblet cell deficient (GCDAC) and serrated (SAC) variants of colonic adenocarcinoma, respectively. Clinicopathologic features of 23 GCDAC and 10 SAC colectomy cases were analyzed. All dysplastic lesions found adjacent to the colorectal cancers (n = 22 for GCDACs and n = 10 for SACs) were subtyped as conventional, nonconventional, or mixed-type dysplasia...

Radiation therapy for abdominopelvic malignancies often results in damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and permanent changes in bowel function. An overlooked component of the pathophysiology of radiation-induced bowel injury is the role of the gut microbiome. The goal of this research was to identify the impacts of acute radiation exposure on the GIT and gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice exposed to whole-body X-rays (0.1-3 Gy) were assessed for histological and microbiome changes 48 h post-radiation exposure...