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REVIEW
Catalina Argandona Lopez, Amanda M Brown
HIV-infection of microglia and macrophages (MMs) induces neuronal injury and chronic release of inflammatory stimuli through direct and indirect molecular pathways. A large percentage of people with HIV-associated neurologic and psychiatric co-morbidities have high levels of circulating inflammatory molecules. Microglia, given their susceptibility to HIV infection and long-lived nature, are reservoirs for persistent infection. MMs and neurons possess the molecular machinery to detect pathogen nucleic acids and proteins to activate innate immune signals...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolan Li, Qin Ran, Xiang He, Dan Peng, Anying Xiong, Manling Jiang, Lei Zhang, Junyi Wang, Lingling Bai, Shengbin Liu, Shiyue Li, Baoqing Sun, Guoping Li
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have revealed that PM2.5 plays a role in regulating iron metabolism and redox homeostasis in the brain, which is closely associated with ferroptosis. In this study, the role and underlying mechanism of ferroptosis in PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in mice, primary hippocampal neurons, and HT22 cells. Our findings demonstrated that exposure to PM2...
April 19, 2024: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
#3
REVIEW
Yaoqiang Du, Rusong Li, Danqing Fu, Biqin Zhang, Ailin Cui, Yutian Shao, Zeyu Lai, Rongrong Chen, Bingyu Chen, Zhen Wang, Wei Zhang, Lisheng Chu
BACKGROUND: Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of epilepsy, and brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is recognized as the major cause of intractable epilepsy, resulting in huge treatment cost and burden to patients, their families, and society. Although optimal treatment regimens are available, the majority of patients with BTRE show poor resolution of symptoms. BTRE has a very complex and multifactorial etiology, which includes several influencing factors such as genetic and molecular biomarkers...
April 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yachen Wang, Bihu Gao, Xiaochi Chen, Xiaoxia Shi, Shuangyue Li, Qing Zhang, Cong Zhang, Fengyuan Piao
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common neurological complication caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Axonal degeneration is generally accepted to be the major pathological change in peripheral DN. Taurine has been evidenced to be neuroprotective in various aspects, but its effect on spinal cord axon injury (SCAI) in DN remains barely reported. This study showed that taurine significantly ameliorated axonal damage of spinal cord (SC), based on morphological and functional analyses, in a rat model of DN induced by streptozotocin (STZ)...
April 18, 2024: Amino Acids
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Yun, Si-Fei Ma, Wei-Ning Zhang, Meng Gu, Jia Wang
An increasing body of research suggests that promoting microglial autophagy hinders the neuroinflammation initiated though the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The function of FoxG1, a crucial transcription factor involved in cell survival by regulating mitochondrial function, remains unknown during the AD process and neuroinflammation occurs. In the present study, we firstly found that Aβ peptides induced AD-like neuroinflammation upregulation and downregulated the level of autophagy...
April 17, 2024: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lu Han, Weijia Chen, Jianming Li, Yan Zhao, Ying Zong, Zhongmei He, Rui Du
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary degenerative encephalopathy that first appeared as a decline in memory and learning skills. Over time, the condition's severity grew. Palmatine (Pal) alleviates Alzheimer's disease symptoms, which has neuroprotective benefits. Numerous investigations have demonstrated a close relationship among AD and gut structure changes. The aim of the research was investigating whether the improvement of Pal on AD is linked to regulating gut flora and autophagy. First, we used Aβ1-40 to induce apoptosis in HT22 cells...
April 10, 2024: Brain Research
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Ayuso-García, Alejandro Sánchez-Rueda, Sergio Velasco-Avilés, Miguel Tamayo-Caro, Aroa Ferrer-Pinós, Cecilia Huarte-Sebastian, Vanesa Alvarez, Cristina Riobello, Selene Jiménez-Vega, Izaskun Buendia, Jorge Cañas-Martin, Héctor Fernández-Susavila, Adrián Aparicio-Rey, Eva M Esquinas-Román, Carlos Rodríguez Ponte, Romane Guhl, Nicolas Laville, Encarni Pérez-Andrés, José L Lavín, Monika González-Lopez, Nuria Macías Cámara, Ana M Aransay, Juan José Lozano, James D Sutherland, Rosa Barrio, María Luz Martinez-Chantar, Mikel Azkargorta, Félix Elortza, Mario Soriano-Navarro, Carlos Matute, María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez, Laura Bayón-Cordero, Alberto Pérez-Samartín, Susana B Bravo, Thimo Kurz, Tomas Lama-Díaz, Miguel G Blanco, Saif Haddad, Christopher J Record, Peter M van Hasselt, Mary M Reilly, Marta Varela-Rey, Ashwin Woodhoo
Myelination is essential for neuronal function and health. In peripheral nerves, >100 causative mutations have been identified that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder that can affect myelin sheaths. Among these, a number of mutations are related to essential targets of the posttranslational modification neddylation, although how these lead to myelin defects is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting neddylation leads to a notable absence of peripheral myelin and axonal loss both in developing and regenerating mouse nerves...
April 12, 2024: Science Advances
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenyan Zhong, Jingjing Chen, Yumin He, Li Xiao, Chengfu Yuan
The decline of aging brain neurons is the main cause of various neurodegenerative disease. This study aimed to examine the impact of Balanophora polyandra polysaccharides (BPP) against aging related neuronal deterioration. C57BL/6 mice were fed with regular feed for 27 months to establish a natural aging mouse model. From 3 months of age, mice in the drug-treated group were respectively fed with feed containing 0.05 or 0.18% BPP until 27 months of age. The effects of BPP treatment on the pathological changes of neurons in mice brain were evaluated, as well as autophagy-related and signaling pathway proteins...
April 10, 2024: Neuroreport
#9
REVIEW
Rosita Stanzione, Donatella Pietrangelo, Maria Cotugno, Maurizio Forte, Speranza Rubattu
Stroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral injury in response to the ischemic insults are not completely understood. In this article, we summarize recent evidence regarding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by reviewing data obtained in murine models of either transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Few preliminary observational studies investigating the role of autophagy in subjects at high cerebrovascular risk and in cohorts of stroke patients were also reviewed...
2024: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karl Martin Klein, Rumika Mascarenhas, Daria Merrikh, Maryam Khanbabaei, Tatiana Maroilley, Navprabhjot Kaur, Yiping Liu, Tyler Soule, Minette Manalo, Goichiro Tamura, Julia Jacobs, Walter Hader, Gerald Pfeffer, Maja Tarailo-Graovac
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have identified brain somatic variants as a cause of focal epilepsy. These studies relied on resected tissue from epilepsy surgery, which is not available in most patients. The use of trace tissue adherent to depth electrodes used for stereo electroencephalography (EEG) has been proposed as an alternative but is hampered by the low cell quality and contamination by nonbrain cells. Here, we use our improved depth electrode harvesting technique that purifies neuronal nuclei to achieve molecular diagnosis in a patient with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)...
April 8, 2024: Epilepsia
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
SIRT4 promotes neuronal apoptosis in models of Alzheimer's disease via the STAT2-SIRT4-mTOR pathway.
Dianxia Xing, Wenjin Zhang, Wei Cui, Xiuya Yao, Yaping Xiao, Lihua Chen, Shiyun Yuan, Yanyan Duan, Weihua Yu, Pengfei Pan, Yang Lü
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and presents a considerable disease burden. Its pathology involves substantial neuronal loss, primarily attributed to neuronal apoptosis. Although sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) has been implicated in regulating apoptosis in various diseases, the role of SIRT4 in AD pathology remains unclear. The study employed APP/PS1 mice as an animal model of AD and amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42-treated HT-22 cells as an AD cell model. SIRT4 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence...
April 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario Villa-González, Marina Rubio, Gerardo Martín-López, Paula R Mallavibarrena, Laura Vallés-Saiz, Denis Vivien, Francisco Wandosell, Maria José Pérez-Álvarez
Ischemic stroke is a sudden and acute disease characterized by neuronal death, increment of reactive gliosis (reactive microglia and astrocytes), and a severe inflammatory process. Neuroinflammation is an early event after cerebral ischemia, with microglia playing a leading role. Reactive microglia involve functional and morphological changes that drive a wide variety of phenotypes. In this context, deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying such reactive microglial is essential to devise strategies to protect neurons and maintain certain brain functions affected by early neuroinflammation after ischemia...
April 6, 2024: Biology Direct
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabeau Vermeulen, Natalia Rodriguez-Alvarez, Liesbeth François, Delphine Viot, Fariba Poosti, Eleonora Aronica, Stefanie Dedeurwaerdere, Patrick Barton, Berta Cillero-Pastor, Ron M A Heeren
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a group of diverse localized cortical lesions that are highly epileptogenic and occur due to abnormal brain development caused by genetic mutations, involving the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These somatic mutations lead to mosaicism in the affected brain, posing challenges to unravel the direct and indirect functional consequences of these mutations. To comprehensively characterize the impact of mTOR mutations on the brain, we employed here a multimodal approach in a preclinical mouse model of FCD type II (Rheb), focusing on spatial omics techniques to define the proteomic and lipidomic changes...
April 2, 2024: Neurobiology of Disease
#14
Sumaya Hamadmad, Tyler Heisler-Taylor, Sandeep Goswami, Evan Hawthorn, Sameer Chaurasia, Dena Martini, Diana Summitt, Ali Zaatari, Elizabeth G Urbanski, Kayla Bernstein, Julie Racine, Abhay Satoskar, Heithem M El-Hodiri, Andy J Fischer, Colleen M Cebulla
Ibudilast, an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and phosphodiesterase (PDE), has been recently shown to have neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurologic diseases. We utilize a chick excitotoxic retinal damage model to investigate ibudilast's potential to protect retinal neurons. Using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we find that MIF, putative MIF receptors CD74 and CD44, and several PDEs are upregulated in different retinal cells during damage. Intravitreal ibudilast is well tolerated in the eye and causes no evidence of toxicity...
March 20, 2024: bioRxiv
#15
Santina Snow, Dilawar Mir, Zhengxin Ma, Jordan Horrocks, Matthew Cox, Marissa Ruzga, Hussein Sayed, Aric N Rogers
BACKGROUND: The ability to maintain muscle function decreases with age and loss of proteostatic function. Diet, drugs, and genetic interventions that restrict nutrients or nutrient signaling help preserve long-term muscle function and slow age-related decline. Previously, it was shown that attenuating protein synthesis downstream of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) gradually increases expression of heat shock response (HSR) genes in a manner that correlates with increased resilience to protein unfolding stress...
March 17, 2024: bioRxiv
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heli Li, Xinyuan Wang, Cong Hu, Jinru Cui, Hao Li, Xiaoping Luo, Yan Hao
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder associated with brain inflammation. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to the activation of PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD. Multiple studies highlight the role of GRPR in regulating ASD like abnormal behavior and enhancing the PI3K signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which GRPR regulates PI3K signaling in neurons of individuals with ASD is still unclear. In this study, we utilized a maternal immune activation model to investigate the effects of GRPR on PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD mice...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huiru Zhao, Guiyu Lou, Yupu Shao, Tao Wang, Hongdan Wang, Qiannan Guo, Wenke Yang, Hongyan Liu, Shixiu Liao
Down syndrome (DS) is the most example of aneuploidy, resulting from an additional copy of all or part of chromosome 21. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) play important roles in neuronal development and neurological defects. This study aimed to identify hub genes and synergistic crosstalk among ceRNAs in the DS fetal hippocampus as potential targets for the treatment of DS-related neurodegenerative diseases. We profiled differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs), differentially expressed circular RNAs (DEcircRNAs), differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) in hippocampal samples from patients with or without DS...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience: MN
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingmar Blümcke
Neuropathology-based studies in neurosurgically resected brain tissue obtained from carefully examined patients with focal epilepsies remain a treasure box for excellent insights into human neuroscience, including avenues to better understand the neurobiology of human brain organization and neuronal hyperexcitability at the cellular level including glio-neuronal interaction. It also allows to translate results from animal models in order to develop personalized treatment strategies in the near future. A nice example of this is the discovery of a new disease entity in 2017, termed mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy or MOGHE, in the frontal lobe of young children with intractable seizures...
January 2024: Free neuropathology
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sheng Hu, Yuxiang Fei, Chenchen Jin, Jun Yao, Haiyan Ding, Jianing Wang, Chao Liu
The incidence of ischemic stroke is increasing year by year and showing a younger trend. Impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the pathological manifestations caused by cerebral ischemia, leading to poor prognosis of patients. Accumulating evidence indicates that ferroptosis is involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). We have previously demonstrated that Ginsenoside Rd (G-Rd) protects against CIRI-induced neuronal injury. However, whether G-Rd can attenuate CIRI-induced disruption of the BBB remains unclear...
March 21, 2024: Neuropharmacology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ye Hyung Lee, A-Rum Yoon, Chae-Ok Yun, Kwang Chul Chung
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in melanin-producing melanocytes. It is considered a multifactorial disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors, such as UV radiation. Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) phosphorylates many substrates involved in signaling pathways, cell survival, cell cycle control, differentiation, and neuronal development. However, little is known about the cellular function of DYRK3, one of the five members of the DYRK family. Interestingly, it was observed that the expression of DYRK3, as well as p62 (a multifunctional signaling protein), is highly enhanced in most melanoma cell lines...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Biological Chemistry
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