"lymphocyte", "adiponectin"

Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG), which is an obesity-triggered kidney damage, has become a significant threat to human health. Several studies have recently highlighted the critical role of inflammation in ORG development. Additionally, excess adipose tissue and adipocytes in patients with obesity produce various inflammatory factors that cause systemic low-grade inflammation with consequent damage to vascular endothelial cells, exacerbating glomerular injury. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of ORG and addressed the critical role of obesity-induced chronic inflammation in ORG pathogenesis and progression, which leads to tubular damage and proteinuria, ultimately impairing renal function...

Maternal obesity, affecting many pregnant women globally, not only poses immediate health risks but also modulates breast milk composition. Obesity is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, impacting breast milk's immune properties. This paper explores the intricate relationship between maternal metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and breast milk's immunological components. We conducted a thorough search for original and review articles published until 17 October 2023 in the PUBMED/Scopus database. This search included several terms related to human breast milk, immunological properties, and obesity...

BACKGROUND: Evidence has linked low-grade systemic inflammation and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with development of chronic conditions. Cytokines and select proteins released by VAT may promote a low-grade inflammatory response. A number of equations have been developed to estimate VAT levels. In this study, we compared predicted VAT equation relationships with biomarkers of inflammation. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 2038 men and women aged 46-73 years...

PURPOSE: There is increasing interest in the health benefits of plant-based diets (PBDs). Evidence reports favourable associations with inflammatory profiles and reduced cardiovascular disease risk. However, limited studies have examined relationships between PBD indices (PDIs) and inflammatory biomarkers. We explored overall PDI, healthful PDI (hPDI) and unhealthful PDI (uPDI) associations with inflammatory biomarker profiles. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included 1986 middle- to older-aged adults from the Mitchelstown Cohort...

A study was designed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus and Viscum album leaf meal as herbal inclusions to alleviate the detrimental outcomes of heat stress in weaned female rabbits. Forty (40) weaned rabbit does (527.99 ± 10.35 g; 28 days old) were randomly allotted to four dietary groups consisting of Diet 1(control diet; without leaf meal), Diets 2 (supplemented with 10% V. album); 3 (supplemented with 10% M. oleifera) and 4 (supplemented with 10% P. amarus) in an 84 days trial at the peak of heat stress in Southwest Nigeria...

We examined the role of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic arthritis-associated subclinical myocardial dysfunction, and the relationship between these variables and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) disease activity. Fifty-five PsA patients without cardiovascular risk factors and 25 controls underwent standard and speckle tracking echocardiography with global longitudinal strain (GLS) calculated. Standard anthropometric data and Disease Activity in Psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA) scores were recorded, with low disease activity defined as DAPSA ≤ 14 and moderate and high disease activity DAPSA > 14...

At present, obesity, as a part of metabolic syndrome, represents the leading factor for disability, and is correlated with higher inflammation status, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of our study is to add new insights to the present body of knowledge regarding the correlations between chronic systemic inflammation and severe obesity, which cannot be treated without considering other metabolic syndrome conditions. Biomarkers of high-level chronic inflammation are recognized as important predictors of pro-inflammatory disease...

Thermal stress is the main stressor accounting for reduced productivity, compromised immunity, and collapse of thermoregulatory measures in rabbits in the tropics. The current climate change depicts worsening assault of heat stress in the time ahead; hence, the need to develop combative measures for animal productivity. This research investigates the influence of herbal supplements of three tropical herbs Viscum album (mistletoe), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Phyllanthus amarus (Phyllanthus) on immune response, oxidative status, adipokines, and growth of eighty weaned rabbits during heat stress in tropical climate...

BACKGROUND: A population of regulatory T cells (Treg), which reside within thymic nurse cell complexes, express adiponectin and abrogate breast cancer development in transgenic mice. In this study, we examined whether adiponectin-expressing Treg could impair triple-negative breast cancer, which is defined by a lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. METHODS: CD4- and CD25-positive cells were sorted from cultured T lymphocytes of a previously characterized experimental thymic tumor model composed of thymic nurse cells and abundant lymphoid stroma...

Psoriasis is a chronic and immune-mediated skin condition characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and keratinocytes represent the main cell subtypes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, while the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 pathway enhances the disease progression. Human adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, which secretes multiple proteins, known as adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, or resistin. Current evidence highlights the immunomodulatory roles of adipokines, which may contribute to the progression or suppression of psoriasis...

Dry mouth is frequently observed in the elderly, and enhanced lipid accumulation plays a critical role in cellular senescence in the salivary gland (SG). We investigated the mechanisms that mediate lipogenesis-associated SG senescence. Adult (28.6 ± 6.6 y.o. and 43.3 ± 1.5 y.o.) and aged (82.0 ± 4.3 y.o. and 88.0 ± 4.3 y.o.) human parotid and submandibular glands were compared with respect to histologic findings, 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine) expression patterns, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and SA-β-gal (senescence-associated β-galactosidase) assay results...

Pregnancy complicated by obesity is associated with adverse triggered gestational and neonatal outcomes, with reductions in the subtypes of CD4+ T-lymphocytes representing the modulators of inflammation. It needs to be better established how maternal nutritional statuses impact the neuroendocrine-immune system's action and affect the immunological mechanisms of the maternal-infant relationship via breastfeeding. This study examined the effects of maternal obesity on human colostrum lymphocytes and the intracellular mechanisms of lymphocyte modulation in the presence of leptin, adiponectin, and melatonin via cell proliferation; the release of intracellular calcium; and apoptosis induction...

Knowledge on the characteristics of consumers who choose plant-based diets and the relationship with nutritional status and disease risk is needed. In the present study, 207 Spanish adults participated in a cross-sectional study, and were classified in three groups: lacto-ovo vegetarian (LOV), vegan (VEG), and omnivore (OMN). Dietary intake, anthropometry, body composition, haematology, and metabolic markers were evaluated. Body composition and body weight did not vary among groups. The majority of these adults performed moderate-vigorous physical activity, and LOV performed more moderate activity than OMN...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lipodystrophy (LD) associated to metabolic syndrome (MS) on oxidative stress and inflammation in a cohort of 243 HIV-infected patients with MS, all of them under three different antiretroviral regimens. We collected immunovirological, biochemical and metabolic data, as well as anthropometric measurements. In addition, cardiovascular risk was also assessed by means of Atherogenic Index of Plasma (API) and Framingham Risk Score. The MS-LD patient set was characterized by a lower initial lymphocyte CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio and a higher initial viral load than the group without LD...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a new challenge in modern medicine, due to its high prevalence in the world. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is a complex dysmetabolic process, following the "multiple-hit" hypothesis that involves hepatocytes excessive accumulation of triglycerides, insulin resistance (IR), increased oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammatory response and lipotoxicity. In this review, we provide an overview of the interrelation of these processes, the link between systemic and local inflammation and the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in the NAFLD development...

Background: The survival rate of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has progressively improved. However, ALL survivors often have adverse effects after treatment, such as an increased risk of obesity. Obesity has been associated with reduced survival. Objective: We investigated the relationship between obesity, adipocytokine levels, and ALL short-term outcomes. Methods: Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated at patient diagnosis and discharge...

INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of liver steatosis that involves a risk of progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. Low-grade inflammation is recognized to be involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogeny. Additionally, adipose tissue dysfunction plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a study on 68 patients with liver steatosis confirmed through liver biopsy during the surgery...

BACKGROUND: Adipocyte-derived adiponectin may play a role in the host inflammatory response to cancer. We examined the association of plasma adiponectin with the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colon cancers and with vitamin D, clinicopathological features, and patient survival. METHODS: Plasma adiponectin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were analyzed by radioimmunoassay in 600 patients with stage III colon cancer who received FOLFOX-based adjuvant chemotherapy (NCCTG N0147 [Alliance])...

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal T cell activation and excessive proliferation of keratinocytes. In addition to skin manifestations, psoriasis has been associated with multiple metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. An increasing amount of evidence has highlighted the core role of adipokines in adipose tissue and the immune system. This review focus on the role of adiponectin in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and its comorbidities, highlighting the future research avenues...

Background: This study was performed to explore the safety of breast cancer (BC) mastoscopic surgery from the perspective of immunity and adipokines. Method: A single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out among 42 patients who had undergone surgery from December 2018 to July 2019. All patients were randomly divided into an open surgery group (n = 21) and a mastoscopic surgery group (n = 21). Flow cytometry was used to detect natural killer (NK), CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in each group 1 d before surgery, 1 h after operation, and 1, 5, and 7 d after operation...