docosahexaenoic acid choline

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent retinal vascular abnormalities observed in oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In the OmegaROP prospective cohort study, we showed that preterm infants who will develop ROP accumulate the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) at the expense of the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes with advancing gestational age (GA). As mice lacking plasmalogens -That are specific phospholipids considered as reservoirs of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs- Display a ROP-like phenotype, the aim of this study was to determine whether plasmalogens are responsible for the changes observed in subjects from the OmegaROP study...

Early dietary exposure via human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant's nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old...

The information on the nutrition status of women at-risk of carrying a child with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is scarce, particularly in the First Nations population living on reserve. This study examined and compared nutrition status, dietary intake, and lifestyle patterns of pregnant at-risk, defined as those who consume alcoholic drink during the current pregnancy, and non-at-risk women living in northern Manitoban community. Thirty-seven pregnant, First Nations women (at-risk n = 15; non-at-risk, n = 22) were recruited to participate in the study...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the major cause of chronic liver disease, yet cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic tools to monitor the severity of the disease are lacking. We aimed to investigate the metabolomic changes in NAFLD associated with therapeutic responses. It was conducted in 63 patients with NAFLD who received either ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin or rosuvastatin monotherapy. The treatment response was determined by MRI performed at baseline and week 24. The metabolites were measured at baseline and week 12...

BACKGROUND: Dietary methyl donors (e.g., choline) support the activity of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway, which generates phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules enriched in DHA that are exported from the liver and made available to extrahepatic tissues. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of prenatal choline supplementation on biomarkers of DHA status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA. METHODS: Pregnant participants (n = 30) were randomly assigned to receive supplemental choline intakes of 550 mg/d [500 mg/d d0-choline + 50 mg/d deuterium-labeled choline (d9-choline); intervention] or 25 mg/d (25 mg/d d9-choline; control) from gestational week (GW) 12-16 until delivery...

CONTEXT: Nutritional interventions for newborns with brain injury are scarce, and there are gaps in the knowledge of their mechanisms of action in preventing the occurrence of cerebral palsy (CP) or the incidence of other developmental disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of nutritional interventions in preventing nonprogressive congenital or perinatal brain injuries, or in improving outcomes related to neurological development...

In this study, a water-miscible 'classic' ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method. The composition of lipid was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 91.4 mg g-1 (dry wt) of lipid was produced, out of which the percentage of docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), myristic acid, palmitic acid, and arachidonic acid was 19...

INTRODUCTION: The primary purpose of this study was to determine if new recommendations for prenatal supplements of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and choline have been implemented into care by physicians who care for pregnant women in rural Kansas communities. Both nutrients are inadequate in the diet of most pregnant women in the U.S., and not all prenatal supplements provide DHA and choline. METHODS: A cross sectional web-based survey was developed and provided by the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) students to 44 rural Kansas clinics believed to have physicians who provide obstetrical care...

Maternal dietary micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids support development of the fetal and neonatal immune system. Whether supplementation is similarly beneficial for the mother during gestation has received limited attention. A scoping review of human trials was conducted looking for evidence of biochemical, genomic, and clinical effects of supplementation on the maternal immune system. The authors explored the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to the present day using PRISMA-ScR methodology...

Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of neonatal brain injury, leading to long-term neurological impairments. Medical nutrition can be rapidly implemented in the clinic, making it a viable intervention to improve neurodevelopment after injury. The omega-3 ( n -3) fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n -3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n -3), uridine monophosphate (UMP) and choline have previously been shown in rodents to synergistically enhance brain phospholipids, synaptic components and cognitive performance...

There are conflicting findings over the bioavailability of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from krill oil (KO) compared with fish oil (FO) in short- and long-term studies. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of KO versus FO on the enrichment of molecular species of plasma phospholipids in young women following a 30-day consumption of the n-3 oils. Eleven healthy women aged 18-45 years consumed seven capsules of KO per day (containing a total of 1.27 g n-3 PUFA) or five capsules of FO per day (total of 1...

BACKGROUND: Aquatic animal source foods (AASF) can provide vital nutrients and bioactive factors essential for human health, yet disparities in consumption patterns prevail globally. Limited evidence exists for the implications of AASF access on child health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine global AASF intakes longitudinally in association with critical nutrient intakes and childhood stunting and anemia. METHODS: The analysis draws from compiled longitudinal country data (1993-2013) based on a constructed conceptual framework encompassing social and ecological factors that influence fish consumption and human health...

The late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor MAPK and mTOR activator 1 (LAMTOR1) is an important regulator protein in the response to energy stress. Public gene expression data shows that the expression of LAMTOR1 is abnormally high in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); hence, LAMTOR1 may play an important role in the development of NASH and HCC. Therefore, exploring the LAMTOR1 regulatory mechanism in the progression of NASH and malignant transformation of liver inflammation may be crucial for translational medicine...

Choline and DHA are nutrients that, when provided during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years, may have beneficial effects on child neurodevelopment as well as related health factors, including birth outcomes and child growth, morbidity, and inflammation. Because these nutrients are found mainly in animal-source foods, they may be lacking in the diets of pregnant and lactating women and young children in low- and middle-income countries, potentially putting children at risk for suboptimal development and health...

Choline is an essential nutrient in laying hen diets and is needed for the formation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), that serves as a rich source of long chain (≥20 C) n-3 fatty acids (FA) in eggs. Methionine (Met) is the first limiting amino acid in layer hen diets and serves as a lipotropic agent with antioxidant properties. The objectives of the current study is based on the hypothesis that choline and Met supplementation will enhance egg PC and n-3 FA status, lipid stability, and production indices in layer hens fed flaxseed...

Fetal brain growth requires considerable amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during late pregnancy that is associated with increased maternal/dam plasma levels of PC 16:0_22:6 (palmitoyl docosahexaenoyl phosphatidylcholine). While biosynthesis of DHA during pregnancy is upregulated, the mechanisms responsible for the incorporation of dam DHA into PC 16:0_22:6 are not understood. The present study used a discovery approach combining untargeted lipidomics of plasma and liver (n = 3/group) with semi-targeted qPCR of hepatic gene products (n = 6/group) to identify metabolic pathways related to DHA metabolism, with a hypothesis that an upregulated acyltransferase involved in PC remodeling would be identified...

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of a woman can lead to dysregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during pregnancy, which can in turn adversely affect her offspring HPA axis function. Choline and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are dietary factors with the potential to favorably modify the stress response system. The current study aimed to investigate whether maternal choline intake and DHA status moderate the effects of maternal ACEs exposure on maternal and infant HPA axes function. Participants were a sub-sample of the prospective longitudinal Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study consisting of 340 mothers and 238 infants...

Major depressive disorders (MDDs) are often associated with a deficiency in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), as well as signs of low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological and dietary studies suggest that a high intake of fish, the major source of ω-3 PUFAs, is associated with lower rates of MDDs. Meta-analyses of randomized placebo-controlled ω-3 PUFAs intervention-trials suggest that primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is responsible for the proposed antidepressant effect...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of choline and DHA or exposure to environmental enrichment in obese adult and aging rats on alterations in body mass index, serum lipid profile and arterial wall changes, despite stopping high fat diet consumption and interventions during adulthood. Methods: 21 day old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned as Experiment-1 & 2 - PND rats were divided into 4 groups with interventions for 7 months (n = 8/group)...

Our primary objective was to determine the effects of the abomasal infusion of 16-carbon (16C) and 22-carbon (22C) fatty acids (FA) on apparent FA digestibility, plasma FA concentrations, and their incorporation into milk fat in cows. Our secondary objective was to study the effects of 1-carbon donors choline and l-serine on these variables. Five rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (214 ± 4.9 d in milk; 3.2 ± 1.1 parity) were enrolled in a 5 × 5 Latin square experiment with experimental periods lasting 6 d. Abomasal infusates consisted of (1) palmitic acid (PA; 98% 16:0 of total fat), (2) PA + choline chloride (PA+CC; 50 g/d of choline chloride), (3) PA + l-serine (PA+S; 170 g/d of l-serine), (4) behenic acid (BA; 92% 22:0 of total fat), and (5) docosahexaenoic acid algal oil (DHA; 47...