keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531241/primary-headache-disorders-among-people-living-with-hiv-in-lusaka-zambia
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Curi Kim, Mashina Chomba, Arnold Phiri, Sombo Fwoloshi, Cassidy W Claassen, Lottie Hachaambwa, Deanna Saylor
OBJECTIVE: We completed a cross-sectional survey study to determine headache prevalence and its association with HIV characteristics among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Lusaka, Zambia. BACKGROUND: Headaches are common but their association with HIV status is unknown. METHODS: The HARDSHIP survey, a headache epidemiology questionnaire previously validated in Zambia, was distributed during a 3-month period to 3666 consecutive adult PLHIV attending routine clinic appointments at the Adult Infectious Diseases Centre at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia...
March 21, 2024: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530605/anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-encephalitis-in-people-living-with-hiv-case-report-and-literature-review
#2
REVIEW
Jiangjin Hui, Jinhua Wang, Zhikai Wan, Qing Cao, Bohao Dai, Haiyan Lou, Biao Zhu
With the increase in the number of cases of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people living with HIV (PLWH) showing abnormal behavior, cognitive impairment or abnormal movements should be actively screened for the antibody panel of AE. Early recognition and treatment can prevent severe seizures or coma and markedly improve the prognosis of patients. The first-line immunotherapy for AE includes intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. However, whether long-time immunosuppressive maintenance therapy is needed is debated...
March 26, 2024: Neurology and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528745/the-content-of-patients-emotional-expressions-during-follow-up-consultations-for-chronic-diseases
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kebir Yasmina, Saint-Dizier de Almeida Valérie
OBJECTIVES: In this article, we seek to extract the themes that patients share when they express negative emotions in the context of follow-up consultation of chronic illness. We are mainly interested in patients with chronic illnesses, as these pathologies have a significant emotional overload leading to a significant deterioration of the patient's quality of life. METHODS: Our corpus included audio recordings of 12 chronic disease follow-up consultations conducted by physicians practicing in neurology, nutrition, internal medicine and infectiology...
March 25, 2024: Chronic Illness
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513660/neurosyphilis-is-characterized-by-a-compartmentalized-and-robust-neuroimmune-response-but-not-by-neuronal-injury
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allison A Catalano, Jennifer Yoon, Sofia Fertuzinhos, Hailey Reisert, Hannah Walsh, Priya Kosana, Michael Wilson, Magnus Gisslen, Henrik Zetterberg, Christina M Marra, Shelli F Farhadian
BACKGROUND: Neurosyphilis is increasing in prevalence but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This study assessed for CNS-specific immune responses during neurosyphilis compared to syphilis without neurosyphilis and compared these immune profiles to those observed in other neuroinflammatory diseases. METHODS: Participants with syphilis were categorized as having neurosyphilis if their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was reactive and as having syphilis without neurosyphilis if they had a non-reactive CSF-VDRL test and a white blood cell count <5/μL...
March 13, 2024: Med
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512528/clinical-features-pathogenesis-pathology-neuroimaging-clinical-course-and-outcome-of-measles-inclusion-body-encephalitis-a-systematic-review-of-published-case-reports-and-case-series
#5
REVIEW
Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vinay Suresh, Swastika Suvirya, Imran Rizvi, Neeraj Kumar, Shweta Pandey
Measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) is rare, with insights largely from case studies. We systematically analyzed subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) cases in immunocompromised patients, identifying distinctive clinical and neuroimaging features. These findings could facilitate MIBE diagnosis without the need for brain biopsies. Our systematic review on MIBE and HIV-related SSPE adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. We searched multiple databases and followed a detailed inclusion process with independent reviews and quality assessment...
March 21, 2024: Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511804/calcified-cerebral-toxoplasmosis-associated-with-recurrent-perilesional-edema-causing-neurological-manifestations-in-an-hiv-infected-individual-case-report-with-a-decade-long-follow-up
#6
Flávia Carolina Soares Bonato, René Leandro Magalhães Rivero, Hector Hugo Garcia, José Ernesto Vidal
Four cases of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with calcified cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with perilesional edema causing a single episode of neurological manifestations have recently been reported. Here, we describe the first detailed description of perilesional edema associated with calcified cerebral toxoplasmosis causing three episodes of neurological manifestations in a PLWHA, including seizures in two of them. These recurrences occurred over approximately a decade. Throughout this period, the patient showed immunological and virological control of the HIV infection, while using antiretroviral therapy regularly...
2024: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505248/hepatitis-e-virus-hev-infection-among-immunocompromised-individuals-a-brief-narrative-review
#7
REVIEW
Radostina Alexandrova, Ilia Tsachev, Plamen Kirov, Abedulkadir Abudalleh, Hristo Hristov, Tanya Zhivkova, Lora Dyakova, Magdalena Baymakova
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to Hepeviridae family. HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are estimated 20 million HEV infections worldwide every year, leading to estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases of HEV infection. The WHO estimates that HEV infection caused approximately 44,000 deaths in 2015, which represents 3.3% of mortality rates due to viral hepatitis. In low-income (LI) countries and lower-middle-income (LMI) countries, HEV is a waterborne infection induced by HEV genotype (gt) 1 and HEV gt 2 that cause large outbreaks and affect young individuals with a high mortality rate in pregnant women from South Asian countries and patients with liver diseases...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498913/mycobacterium-xenopi-vertebral-osteomyelitis-in-a-patient-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-illustrative-case
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan Kelly, Josha Woodward, Jacob B Gerzenshtein, Mariam Aziz, John E O'Toole
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium xenopi is a common nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) that is slow growing and an infrequent cause of infection. When infections do occur, it is by exposure to contaminated soil or water or to infectious aerosols. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the spine are exceedingly rare. Risk factors can include immunosuppression, particularly human immunodeficiency virus; however, other systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been reported...
March 18, 2024: J Neurosurg Case Lessons
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496431/antigenic-determinants-of-hastv-va1-neutralization-and-their-relevance-in-the-human-immune-response
#9
Inci Ramírez-Bello, Tomás López, Rafaela Espinosa, Anisa Ghosh, Kassidy Green, Lidia Riaño-Umbarila, Carlos Gaspar-Castillo, Celia M Alpuche-Aranda, Susana López, Rebecca M DuBois, Carlos F Arias
UNLABELLED: Astroviruses are highly divergent and infect a wide variety of animal hosts. In 2009, a genetically divergent human astrovirus (HAstV) strain VA1 was first identified in an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. This strain has also been associated with fatal central nervous system disease. In this work, we report the isolation of three high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (Nt-MAbs) targeting the capsid spike domain of HAstV-VA1. These antibodies (7C8, 2A2, 3D8) were used to select individual HAstV-VA1 mutants resistant to their neutralizing activity and also select a HAstV-VA1 triple mutant that escapes neutralization from all three Nt-MAbs...
March 5, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496139/a-study-of-the-etiology-clinical-profile-and-diagnosis-of-various-types-of-central-nervous-system-infections-in-a-tertiary-care-center
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shaiv Patel, Pranav Jhala, Himani Sharma
Introduction Infections affecting the central nervous system (CNS) can stem from various sources, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, manifesting as conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and brain abscesses. Despite significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment, these infections continue to pose substantial risks to life. Several factors contribute to the causes of CNS infections. Demographic and geographic elements, the health status of individuals, their immune system's strength, the availability of diagnostic tools, and local prevention initiatives, all play pivotal roles...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495078/hiv-infection-and-90-day-stroke-outcomes-in-uganda-a-prospective-observational-cohort-study
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amir A Mbonde, Jonathan Chang, Abdu K Musubire, Samson Okello, Adrian Kayanja, Acan Moses, Richard J Butterfield, Felicia C Chow, Deanna R Saylor, Cumara B O'Carroll, Mark Siedner
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the clinical presentation and outcomes after stroke in the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. We aimed to compare stroke characteristics and outcomes between persons with HIV (PWH) and without HIV (PWOH) presenting with stroke in Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a matched cohort study at Mulago National Referral Hospital and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital between January 2018 and November 2020...
December 2023: Neurology. Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487019/mechanisms-of-hiv-mediated-blood-brain-barrier-compromise-and-leukocyte-transmigration-under-the-current-antiretroviral-era
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cristian Hernandez, Anna Maria Gorska, Eliseo Eugenin
HIV-associated neurological compromise is observed in more than half of all people with HIV (PWH), even under antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanism has been associated with the early transmigration of HIV-infected monocytes across the BBB in a CCL2 and HIV replication-dependent manner. However, the mechanisms of chronic brain damage are unknown. We demonstrate that all PWH under ART have elevated circulating ATP levels that correlate with the onset of cognitive impairment even in the absence of a circulating virus...
March 15, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485688/the-etiological-spectrum-of-miliary-brain-lesions-a-systematic-review-of-published-cases-and-case-series
#13
REVIEW
Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vimal Paliwal, Swastika Suvirya, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Anoop Verma
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the published cases with miliary brain lesions and their etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and outcomes. METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted using the specified search strategy. Eligibility criteria included cases with miliary lesions in the brain confirmed through neuroimaging and various diagnostic procedures. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the PROSPERO registration number for the protocol is CRD42023445849...
March 14, 2024: Neuroradiology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470479/chronic-siv-induced-neuroinflammation-disrupts-ccr7-cd4-t-cell-immunosurveillance-in-the-rhesus-macaque-brain
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonny R Elizaldi, Chase E Hawes, Anil Verma, Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa, Ashok R Dinasarapu, Brent T Schlegel, Dhivyaa Rajasundaram, Jie Li, Blythe P Durbin-Johnson, Zhong-Min Ma, Pabitra B Pal, Danielle Beckman, Sean Ott, Reben Raeman, Jeffrey Lifson, John H Morrison, Smita S Iyer
CD4 T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4 T cells resembling lymph node central memory (TCM) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of TCM. Brain CCR7+ CD4 T cells exhibited recall proliferation and interleukin-2 production ex vivo, showcasing their functional competence...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469363/hiv-and-covid-19-two-pandemics-with-significant-but-different-central-nervous-system-complications
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shino Magaki, Ting Zhang, Karam Han, Mirbaha Hilda, William H Yong, Cristian Achim, Gregory Fishbein, Michael C Fishbein, Omai Garner, Noriko Salamon, Christopher K Williams, Miguel A Valdes-Sueiras, Jeffrey J Hsu, Theodoros Kelesidis, Glenn E Mathisen, Helen Lavretsky, Elyse J Singer, Harry V Vinters
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause significant neurologic disease. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of HIV has been extensively studied, with well-documented invasion of HIV into the brain in the initial stage of infection, while the acute effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain are unclear. Neuropathologic features of active HIV infection in the brain are well characterized whereas neuropathologic findings in acute COVID-19 are largely non-specific...
January 2024: Free neuropathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465155/lymph-node-penetration-from-gastric-burkitt-lymphoma-in-a-patient-living-with-hiv-aids
#16
Ricardo José Razera, Ronaldo Modesto de Souza-Filho, Rosely Antunes Patzina, Jose C Ardengh, Richard Calanca
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome  ( HIV/AIDS) still constitutes a reality of high morbidity and mortality, sometimes not respecting the patient's degree of immunosuppression as it can even occur in those with a high CD4+ T lymphocyte count. Burkitt's lymphoma, in this sense, has been shown to be one of the main subtypes of this condition in this group of patients. This case report concerns a 32-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic gastric Burkitt's lymphoma after one month of his admission to a tertiary hospital for neurological complaints...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38457227/strategies-to-target-the-central-nervous-system-hiv-reservoir
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Mastrangelo, Lucio Gama, Paola Cinque
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The central nervous system (CNS) is an hotspot for HIV persistence and may be a major obstacle to overcome for curative strategies. The peculiar anatomical, tissular and cellular characteristics of the HIV reservoir in the CNS may need to be specifically addressed to achieve a long-term HIV control without ART. In this review, we will discuss the critical challenges that currently explored curative strategies may face in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeting latent HIV in brain-resident myeloid reservoirs, and eliminating the virus without eliciting dangerous neurological adverse events...
March 1, 2024: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442687/distinctive-antibody-responses-to-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-in-pulmonary-and-brain-infection
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marianna Spatola, Nadège Nziza, Edward B Irvine, Deniz Cizmeci, Wonyeong Jung, Le Hong Van, Le Thanh Hoang Nhat, Vu Thi Ngoc Ha, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Guy Thwaites, Douglas A Lauffenburger, Sarah Fortune, Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong, Galit Alter
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a global health burden. While Mtb is primarily a respiratory pathogen, it can spread to other organs, including the brain and meninges, causing TB meningitis (TBM). However, little is known about the immunological mechanisms that leads to differential disease across organs. Attention has focused on differences in T cell responses in the control of Mtb in the lungs, but emerging data point to a role for antibodies, as both biomarkers of disease control and as antimicrobial molecules...
March 5, 2024: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421058/nucleotide-metabolism-leukodystrophies-and-cns-pathology
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Gavazzi, Carlos Dominguez Gonzalez, Kaley Arnold, Meghan Swantkowski, Lauren Charlton, Nicholson Modesti, Asif A Dar, Adeline Vanderver, Mariko Bennett, Laura A Adang
The balance between a protective and a destructive immune response can be precarious, as exemplified by inborn errors in nucleotide metabolism. This class of inherited disorders, which mimics infection, can result in systemic injury and severe neurologic outcomes. The most common of these disorders is Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS). AGS results in a phenotype similar to "TORCH" infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Other [Zika virus (ZIKV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)], Rubella virus, human Cytomegalovirus [HCMV], and Herpesviruses), but with sustained inflammation and ongoing potential for complications...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411600/brain-n-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate-naag-is-associated-with-cognitive-function-in-older-virally-suppressed-people-with-hiv
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robyn L Wiseman, Kristin L Bigos, Raha M Dastgheyb, Peter B Barker, Leah H Rubin, Barbara S Slusher
OBJECTIVES: : Cognitive impairment persists in virally-suppressed people with HIV (VS-PWH) especially in higher order domains. One cortical circuit, linked to these domains, is regulated by N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamate (NAAG), the endogenous agonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. The enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) catabolizes NAAG and is upregulated in aging and disease. Inhibition of GCPII increases brain NAAG and improves learning and memory in rodent and primate models...
February 22, 2024: AIDS
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