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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ingeborg Rasing, Sabine Voigt, Emma A Koemans, Anna M de Kort, Thijs W van Harten, Ellis S van Etten, Erik W van Zwet, Erik Stoops, Cindy Francois, Bea H Kuiperij, Catharina J M Klijn, Floris H B M Schreuder, Louise van der Weerd, Matthias J P van Osch, Marianne A A van Walderveen, Marcel M Verbeek, Gisela M Terwindt, Marieke J H Wermer
BACKGROUND: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) is a biomarker for neuroaxonal damage and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for reactive astrocytosis. Both processes occur in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but studies investigating the potential of NFL and GFAP as markers for CAA are lacking. We aimed to investigate NFL and GFAP as biomarkers for neuroaxonal damage and astrocytosis in CAA. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected between 2010 and 2020 from controls, (pre)symptomatic Dutch-type hereditary (D-CAA) mutation-carriers and participants with sporadic CAA (sCAA) from two prospective CAA studies at two University hospitals in the Netherlands...
April 23, 2024: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
#2
REVIEW
Kaoru Yamada, Takeshi Iwatsubo
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the abnormal accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins. There has long been a keen interest among researchers in understanding how Aβ and tau are ultimately cleared in the brain. The discovery of this glymphatic system introduced a novel perspective on protein clearance and it gained recognition as one of the major brain clearance pathways for clearing these pathogenic proteins in AD. This finding has sparked interest in exploring the potential contribution of the glymphatic/meningeal lymphatic system in AD...
April 23, 2024: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katerina Deike, Andreas Decker, Paul Scheyhing, Julia Harten, Nadine Zimmermann, Daniel Paech, Oliver Peters, Silka D Freiesleben, Luisa-Sophie Schneider, Lukas Preis, Josef Priller, Eike Spruth, Slawek Altenstein, Andrea Lohse, Klaus Fliessbach, Okka Kimmich, Jens Wiltfang, Claudia Bartels, Niels Hansen, Frank Jessen, Ayda Rostamzadeh, Emrah Düzel, Wenzel Glanz, Enise I Incesoy, Michaela Butryn, Katharina Buerger, Daniel Janowitz, Michael Ewers, Robert Perneczky, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Stefan Teipel, Ingo Kilimann, Doreen Goerss, Christoph Laske, Matthias H Munk, Annika Spottke, Nina Roy, Michael Wagner, Sandra Roeske, Michael T Heneka, Frederic Brosseron, Alfredo Ramirez, Laura Dobisch, Steffen Wolfsgruber, Luca Kleineidam, Renat Yakupov, Melina Stark, Matthias C Schmid, Moritz Berger, Stefan Hetzer, Peter Dechent, Klaus Scheffler, Gabor C Petzold, Anja Schneider, Alexander Effland, Alexander Radbruch
OBJECTIVES: Impaired perivascular clearance has been suggested as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it remains unresolved when the anatomy of the perivascular space (PVS) is altered during AD progression. Therefore, this study investigates the association between PVS volume and AD progression in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, both with and without subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and in those clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD...
April 23, 2024: Investigative Radiology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Constance Delaby, Sylvain Lehmann
The growing number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major public health problem. The diagnosis of AD is multidisciplinary and involves the use of amyloid and tau biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid. Recent advances in analytical techniques now allow us to measure these biomarkers in blood. Blood biomarkers offer particularly promising potential for early, minimally invasive detection of AD, as well as for differential diagnosis of dementia and patient follow-up. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current and candidate blood biomarkers for AD, their informative value, and their potential to be integrated into clinical practice in the near future...
April 2024: Médecine Sciences: M/S
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao-Jun Jing, Zhi-Yuan Zan, Xin Zhou, Yong-Lan Xiong, Shu-Jiang Ren, Hua Zhang
BACKGROUND: Advances in blood biomarker discovery have enabled the improved diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most branched-chain amino acids, except isoleucine (Ile), are correlated with both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Therefore, this study investigated the association between serum Ile levels and MCI/AD. METHODS: This study stratified 700 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database into four diagnostic groups: cognitively normal, stable MCI, progressive MCI, and AD...
April 23, 2024: Annals of geriatric medicine and research
#6
REVIEW
Jannik Prasuhn, Jiadi Xu, Jun Hua, Peter van Zijl, Linda Knutsson
The glymphatic system, a macroscopic waste clearance system in the brain, is crucial for maintaining neural health. It facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid, aiding the clearance of soluble proteins and metabolites and distributing essential nutrients and signaling molecules. Emerging evidence suggests a link between glymphatic dysfunction and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. These disorders are characterized by the accumulation and propagation of misfolded or mutant proteins, a process in which the glymphatic system is likely involved...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fang Zheng, Marc Dahlmanns, Philipp Kessler, Christian Alzheimer
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, is widely recognized for its neurotrophic and neuroprotective function in the developing and injured brain, respectively. Moreover, in the healthy adult brain, activin A has been shown to tune signal processing at excitatory synapses in a fashion that improves cognitive performance. Because its level in human cerebrospinal fluid rises with age, we wondered whether activin A has a role in mitigating the gradual cognitive decline that healthy individuals experience in late-life...
2024: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingnan Sun, Zengmai Xie, Yike Sun, Anruo Shen, Renren Li, Xiao Yuan, Bai Lu, Yunxia Li
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a neurodegenerative disorder marked by a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory capacity. The accurate diagnosis of this condition predominantly relies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, notwithstanding the associated burdens of pain and substantial financial costs endured by patients. This study encompasses subjects exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive impairment, encompassing individuals with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, constituting a total sample size of 82 participants...
May 2024: MedComm
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katheryn A Q Cousins, Jeffrey S Phillips, Sandhitsu R Das, Kyra O'Brien, Thomas F Tropea, Alice Chen-Plotkin, Leslie M Shaw, Ilya M Nasrallah, Dawn Mechanic-Hamilton, Corey T McMillan, David J Irwin, Edward B Lee, David A Wolk
INTRODUCTION: We investigate pathological correlates of plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181 ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) across a clinically diverse spectrum of neurodegenerative disease, including normal cognition (NormCog) and impaired cognition (ImpCog). METHODS: Participants were NormCog (n = 132) and ImpCog (n = 461), with confirmed β-amyloid (Aβ+/-) status (cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography, autopsy) and single molecule array plasma measurements...
April 21, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaorui Tian, Yuanzheng Zhao, Yinghui Zhu, Ming Cui
BACKGROUND: The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is intricately linked to the onset and advancement of cognitive impairment and dementia. This investigation explores the correlation between blood-brain barrier permeability, assessed through the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio (QAlb), in a clinical cohort and the evolution of cognitive decline. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 295 participants. Cognitive decline progression was characterized by an escalation in the overall deterioration scale and/or clinical dementia rating scores...
April 20, 2024: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Israel Donizeti de Souza, Fernando M Lanças, Jaime E Cecílio Hallak, Maria E Costa Queiroz
Mass spectrometry is characterized by its high sensitivity, ability to measure very low analyte concentrations, specificity to distinguish between closely related compounds, availability to generate high-throughput methods for screening, and high multiplexing capacity. This technique has been used as a platform to analyze fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. However, more effective sample preparation procedures, preferably antibody-independent, and more automated mass spectrometry platforms with improved sensitivity, chromatographic separation, and high throughput are needed for this purpose...
April 16, 2024: Journal of Chromatography. A
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jian Kong, Xu Lin, Bin Wang, Shanling Xu, Yuanlong Wang, Shuhui Hua, Hongyan Gong, Rui Dong, Yanan Lin, Chuan Li, Yanlin Bi
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the relationship between physical activity (PA) and postoperative delirium (POD). METHODS: We selected 400 patients from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder and Biomarkers Lifestyle (PNDABLE) database, and the patients in the PNDABLE database were sampled and tested Alzheimer's biomarkers. The diagnosis of POD was made using the Confusion Assessment Scale (CAM) and the severity was assessed using Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS)...
2024: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingjun Dai, Jianwei Lou, Deyuan Kong, Jinyu Li, Qingguo Ren, Yujing Chen, Sujuan Sun, Yan Yun, Xiaohan Sun, Yiru Yang, Kai Shao, Wei Li, Yuying Zhao, Xiangshui Meng, Chuanzhu Yan, Pengfei Lin, Shuangwu Liu
BACKGROUND: Using in vivo neuroimaging techniques, growing evidence has demonstrated that the choroid plexus (CP) volume is enlarged in patients with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, although animal and postmortem findings suggest that CP abnormalities are likely important pathological mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the third most common neurodegenerative disease, no available study has been conducted to thoroughly assess CP abnormalities and their clinical relevance in vivo in ALS patients to date...
April 17, 2024: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
#14
REVIEW
Sandro Da Mesquita, Rejane Rua
Mammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their beneficial homeostatic functions...
April 16, 2024: Trends in Immunology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Zhang, Fangjie Li, Min Wei, Min Wang, Luyao Wang, Ying Han, Jiehui Jiang
BACKGROUND: Predicting cognitive decline in those already Aβ positive or Tau positive among the aging population poses clinical challenges. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, intra-default mode network (DMN) connections play a pivotal role in diagnosis. This paper proposes metabolic connectivity within the DMN as a supplementary biomarker to the AT(N) framework. METHODS: Extracting data from 1292 subjects in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we collected paired T1-weighted structural MRI and 18 F-labeled-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (PET) scans...
April 15, 2024: Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Homa Seyedmirzaei, Amirhossein Salmannezhad, Hamidreza Ashayeri, Ali Shushtari, Bita Farazinia, Mohammad Mahdi Heidari, Amirali Momayezi, Sara Shaki Baher
Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is found in the axonal terminal of neurons in the limbic system, which is affected in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assumed GAP-43 may contribute to AD progression and serve as a biomarker. So, in a two-year follow-up study, we assessed GAP-43 changes and whether they are correlated with tensor-based morphometry (TBM) findings in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included MCI and cognitively normal (CN) people with available baseline and follow-up cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GAP-43 and TBM findings from the ADNI database...
April 17, 2024: Neuroinformatics
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin B Brown, Daniel J Tozer, Laurence Loubière, Eric L Harshfield, Young T Hong, Tim D Fryer, Guy B Williams, Martin J Graves, Franklin I Aigbirhio, John T O'Brien, Hugh S Markus
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of stroke/vascular dementia with few effective treatments. Neuroinflammation and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability may influence pathogenesis. In rodent models, minocycline reduced inflammation/BBB permeability. We determined whether minocycline had a similar effect in patients with SVD. METHODS: MINERVA was a single-center, phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial...
April 17, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Burak Malik Kaya, Semih Oz, Okan Esentürk
A novel fiber optic biosensor was purposed for a new approach to monitor amyloid beta protein fragment 1-42 (Aβ42) for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) early detection. The sensor was fabricated by etching a part of fiber from single mode fiber loop in pure hydrofluoric acid solution and utilized as a Local Optical Refractometer (LOR) to monitor the change Aβ42 concentration in Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (ACSF). The Fiber Loop Ringdown Spectroscopy (FLRDS) technique is an ultra-sensitive measurement technique with low-cost, high sensitivity, real-time measurement, continuous measurement and portability features that was utilized with a fiber optic sensor for the first time for the detection of a biological signature in an ACSF environment...
April 16, 2024: Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ihab Hajjar, Reem Neal, Zhiyi Yang, James J Lah
INTRODUCTION: Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials have used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels for screening and enrollment. Preliminary evidence suggests that AD risk is related to impaired renal function. The impact of kidney function on commonly used AD biomarkers remains unknown. METHODS: Participants in studies conducted at the Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center ( N = 973) had measurements of serum creatinine and CSF AD biomarkers...
2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Salvatore Mazzeo, Carmen Morinelli, Cristina Polito, Giulia Giacomucci, Valentina Moschini, Assunta Ingannato, Juri Balestrini, Daniele Frigerio, Filippo Emiliani, Giulia Galdo, Chiara Crucitti, Diletta Piazzesi, Silvia Bagnoli, Sonia Padiglioni, Valentina Berti, Sandro Sorbi, Benedetta Nacmias, Valentina Bessi
Mixed primary progressive aphasia (mPPA) accounts for a substantial proportion of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) cases. However, the lack of a standardised definition of this condition has resulted in misclassification of PPA cases. In this study, we enrolled 55 patients diagnosed with PPA, comprising 12 semantic variant (svPPA), 23 logopenic variant (lvPPA), and 20 mPPA cases with linguistic characteristics consistent with both svPPA and lvPPA (s/lvPPA). All patients underwent language assessments, evaluation of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (via cerebrospinal fluid analysis or Amyloid-PET), and 18 F-FDG-PET brain scans...
April 6, 2024: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
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