contraceptives otc

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To understand patterns in demand for emergency contraception (EC), we characterize the sales of over-the-counter (OTC) levonorgestrel (LNG) EC in the United States from traditional retail outlets. STUDY DESIGN: We describe sales of OTC LNG EC using retail sales data aggregated from traditional retail channels, including grocery stores, drug stores, mass merchandisers, club stores, dollar stores, and military outlets. RESULTS: Sales of OTC LNG EC doubled between 2016 and 2022 (approximately 7...

OBJECTIVE: The Adherence with Continuous Dose Oral Contraceptive: Evaluation of Self-Selection and Use (ACCESS) study assessed whether consumers can adhere to the regimen for a progestin-only pill (norgestrel 0.075 mg) in an over-the-counter (OTC) setting. STUDY DESIGN: An actual use study in a simulated OTC environment assessed adherence to directions to take norgestrel 0.075 mg every day at the same time in 883 participants for up to 24 weeks. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent (747/883) of participants reported ≥85% adherence to taking norgestrel 0...

OBJECTIVE: In an effort to switch a norgestrel 0.075 mg progestin-only pill (Opill) from prescription to over-the-counter, we conducted this study to assess whether consumers can use the drug facts label alone to guide appropriate self-selection. STUDY DESIGN: Two studies assessed self-selection: 1) an all-comers, actual-use study evaluating self-selection before purchasing and using norgestrel 0.075 mg and 2) the Targeted Breast Cancer Self-Selection Study (BC-SSS) evaluating theoretical self-selection among participants with a history of breast cancer...

BACKGROUND: In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first non-prescription oral contraceptive, a progestin-only pill, in the United States. Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth face substantial contraceptive access barriers and may benefit from over-the-counter oral contraceptive access. However, no prior research has explored their perspectives on this topic. OBJECTIVE: To measure interest in over-the-counter progestin-only pill use among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive individuals assigned female or intersex at birth...

Just less than half of the pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Unintended pregnancy rates are greatest among women younger than 24 years, women of color, and those who have incomes less than 200% of the federal poverty level. Additionally, options to terminate a pregnancy are restricted or limited in some states. In July 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved norgestrel (Opill) as the first over-the-counter oral contraceptive pill available in the United States. Norgestrel is indicated specifically for the prevention of pregnancy, contains only progesterone, and is indicated for daily oral use...

OBJECTIVES: The aetiology of gastroschisis is considered multifactorial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether the use of medications during pregnancy, is associated with the risk of gastroschisis in offspring. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from 1st January 1990 to 31st December 2020 to identify observational studies examining the association between medication use during pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis...

OBJECTIVES: To examine public support for the provision of seven reproductive health services in school-based health centers (SBHCs) including pregnancy testing, over the counter (OTC) contraceptives, prescription (Rx) contraceptives, STD testing, STD treatment, gynecological exams, sexual violence counseling, and an index measure combining all services. STUDY DESIGN: We administered a large national online survey (N=4,196, response rate 31%) of U.S. adults using Lucid, a large, internet-based, opt-in panel to assess public attitudes about offering sexual and reproductive health services in school-based health centers...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To compare peri- and post-operative complications in people undergoing opportunistic salpingectomy (the removal of fallopian tubes for ovarian cancer risk reduction during another surgery; herein referred to as salpingectomy) at time of cesarean delivery to those undergoing tubal ligation. DESIGN: A retrospective population-based cohort study. SUBJECTS: 18,184 patients were included of which 8,440 underwent salpingectomy and 9,744 had tubal ligation...

BACKGROUND: In Sri Lanka, the Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) is categorized as a Schedule 2A medication, allowing it to be purchased over-the-counter without a prescription, but exclusively from licensed pharmacists. It is estimated that around 3 million ECPs are consumed by Sri Lankan women each year. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of Female Factory Workers (FFWs) on ECP and to unearth the association with unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion. METHODS: After receiving written informed consent, a structured interview schedule was administered among 585 FFWs attached to eight factories in a selected Export Processing Zone (EPZ)...

Frontline workers for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) provide life-changing and life-saving services to millions of people every year. From accompanying the pregnant, delivering babies and caring for the newborn to supporting those subjected to sexual violence; from treating debilitating infections to expanding contraceptive choices; from enabling access to safe abortion services to countering homophobia: all over the world frontline SRHR carers and advocates make it possible for so many more to experience dignity in sex, sexuality and reproduction...

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first oral contraceptive pill (OCP) for over-the-counter status. This progestin-only pill contains norgestrel 0.075 mg taken daily, with a Pearl Index estimated at 4.4 (95% CI, 1.9-8.8). This formulation has an excellent safety profile, with current breast cancer as the only absolute contraindication and few relative contraindications. Ultimately, this approval has great potential to improve the accessibility of effective contraception for many pregnancy-capable Americans, especially those who have poor access to the health care system for prescription-required contraception, most notably people who hold marginalized identities...

Contraception is a practice with extensive and complicated social and scientific histories. From cycle tracking, to the very first prescription contraceptive pill, to now having over-the-counter (OTC) contraceptives on demand, family planning is an aspect of healthcare that has undergone and will continue to undergo several transformations through time. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current reversible hormonal and non-hormonal birth control methods as well as their mechanism of action, safety, and effectiveness specifically for individuals who can become pregnant...

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 15, Page 1352-1354, October 2023.

Although more than ten years have passed since the marketing of Ulipristal acetate in Europe, emergency contraception remains a complex issue with many scientific, legal, ethical and social implications. The topic is an example of the differences that can exist between scientific evidence, the certainties on which law is based, and social implications. This paper shows the incompleteness of the scientific reconstruction on the effects of emergency hormonal contraceptives and the dangerousness of the decision to alienate the supply of over-the-counter drugs from the general rules of health care...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Experiences of contraceptive counseling and obtaining contraceptives vary for women of childbearing age based on education level, race, ethnicity, and health insurance. Community pharmacists are an important resource for improving access to contraceptive care in states with over-the-counter access to and pharmacist prescribing of contraceptives. OBJECTIVES: We first aimed to determine how patient education level, race, ethnicity, insurance, and patient-provider race concordance influenced the likelihood of receiving contraceptive counseling...