T reg cell

The cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F have 50% amino-acid identity and bind the same receptor; however, their functional differences have remained obscure. Here we found that Il17f-/- mice resisted chemically induced colitis, but Il17a-/- mice did not, and that Il17f-/- CD45RBhi CD4+ T cells induced milder colitis in lymphocyte-deficient Rag2-/- mice, accompanied by an increase in intestinal regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Clostridium cluster XIVa in colonic microbiota capable of inducing Treg cells was increased in both Il17f-/- mice and mice given transfer Il17f-/- T cells, due to decreased expression of a group of antimicrobial proteins...

BACKGROUND: Alteration of T-follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) subpopulations may contribute to the development of auto-reactive B-cell. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether changes in TFH and TFR subsets are associated with abnormal IgG synthesis in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS: Paired blood and CSF samples were obtained from 31 untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients at diagnosis...

Regulatory T (Treg ) cells derived from the thymus (tTreg ) and periphery (pTreg ) have central and distinct functions in immunosuppression, but mechanisms for the generation and activation of Treg subsets in vivo are unclear. Here, we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) unexpectedly supports the homeostasis and functional activation of tTreg and pTreg cells. mTOR signaling is crucial for programming activated Treg -cell function to protect immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Treg -specific deletion of mTOR drives spontaneous effector T-cell activation and inflammation in barrier tissues and is associated with reduction in both thymic-derived effector Treg (eTreg ) and pTreg cells...

Objective: To investigate the role of CD4 ⁺ CD25 ⁺ T regs and CCL17 and CCL22 in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Method: Twenty cases of HNSCC were enrolled. All patients were primary or recurrent after treatment (chemotherapy, surgery). The primary tumor was taken as the experimental group, and the adjacent normal tissues from the primary tumor 1-3 cm were taken as control group. CD4 ⁺ /Foxp3 and CD25⁺/Foxp3 were detected by immunofluorescence, while CCL17 and CCL22 were detected by ELISA. The difference and correlation between the amount of CD4⁺,CD25⁺ and the expression of CCL17, CCL22 were observed and analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Exosomes are nanovesicles originating from multivesicular bodies that have complex functions and significant therapeutic effects in many diseases. In the present study, we successfully extracted exosomes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and assessed the effect of those exosomes on the development of the allergic response in two types of classic asthma models. METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were administrated with P. aeruginosa-derived exosomes 1 week before ovalbumin (OVA) or house dust mite (HDM) sensitization...

Purpose/aim of the study: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is closely related to the thyroid autoimmune disorder Graves' disease. Previous studies have suggested roles for thyroidal CD8+  T cells and autoimmunity against calsequestrin-1 (CASQ)-1 in the link between thyroidal and orbital autoimmune reactions in GO. A role for autoimmunity against CollXIII has also been suggested. In this study, we aimed to investigate correlations between some thyroidal and peripheral blood T-cell subsets and thyroidal T-cell reactivity against CASQ1 and CollXIII in patients with GO...

BACKGROUND: Auraptene as member of dietary coumarins, is found in citrus fruits. Former studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. PURPOSE: The mechanism of action and immune-modulatory property of this compound on human lymphocytes are greatly unknown. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: The effect of three concentrations (10, 30 and 90 µM) of auraptene or dexamethasone (0.1 mM) were evaluated on percentage of cell proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production as well as secretion and gene expression of cytokines, and NF-κB level in PHA-stimulated and non-stimulated lymphocytes...

This study tested the hypothesis that healthy adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC)-derived exosomes (HMSCEXO ) and apoptotic (A) (induced by 12 h hypoxia/12 h starvation)-ADMSC-derived exosomes (AMSCEXO ) were comparably effective at alleviating sepsis syndrome [SS; induced by cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP)]-induced systemic inflammation and reduced organ damage and unfavorable outcomes in rats. SD rats were divided into sham control (SC), SS only, SS + HMSCEXO (100 µg intravenous administration 3 h after CLP), and AMSCEXO ...

The thymus plays a crucial role in immune tolerance by exposing developing T cells (thymocytes) to a myriad of self-antigens. Strong T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement induces tolerance in self-reactive thymocytes by stimulating apoptosis or selection into specialized T-cell lineages, including intestinal TCRαβ+ CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). TCR-intrinsic amino acid motifs that can be used to predict whether a TCR will be strongly self-reactive remain elusive. Here, a novel TCR sequence alignment approach revealed that T-cell lineages in C57BL/6 mice had divergent usage of cysteine within two positions of the amino acid at the apex of the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCRα or TCRβ chain...

BACKGROUND: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder mainly caused by mutations in MeCP2 gene. It has been shown that MeCP2 impairments can lead to cytokine dysregulation due to MeCP2 regulatory role in T-helper and T-reg mediated responses, thus contributing to the pro-inflammatory status associated with RTT. Furthermore, RTT subjects suffer from an intestinal dysbiosis characterized by an abnormal expansion of the Candida population, a known factor responsible for the hyper-activation of pro-inflammatory immune responses...

The aim is to study IL-10 polymorphisms and IL-10 level and assess their relation to T-cell subsets in childhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In all, 40 (25 acute, 15 chronic) ITP child patients were investigated at time of presentation, compared to 15 healthy, age- and gender-matched controls and followed up for 1 year to determine chronic cases. Studying the effect of IL-10 promoter polymorphism was done by PCR-RFLP, IL-10 level was determined by ELISA, natural killer cells and T-cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry...

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe human infection caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV). Today, although the literature on CCHF pathogenesis is still limited, it is thought to be associated with immunosuppression in the early phase of infection followed by pro-inflammatory immune response that may lead to fatal outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) in the pathogenesis of CCHFV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples collected from 14 acute CCHF patients with mild disease course and 13 healthy subjects were included in this study...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disabling inflammatory process that affects young individuals, with growing incidence. The etiopathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors triggers an inadequate immune response against the commensal intestinal flora in IBD patients. Thus, a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis is central to the development of new therapeutic options. Current pharmacological treatments used in clinical practice like thiopurines or anti-TNF are effective but can produce significant side effects and their efficacy may diminish over time...

This study assessed in detail the influence of four different human proteins on the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and on the formation of regulatory T cells. Human whole-blood samples were incubated with four different human proteins. The effects of these proteins on the downstream immune-system response, on the expression of extracellular activation markers on and intracellular cytokines in T lymphocytes, and on the number of regulatory T cells (T-reg cells) were investigated via flow cytometry...

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare inherited disorder leading to severe organ-specific autoimmunity. IPEX is caused by hemizygous mutations in FOXP3, which codes for a master transcription factor of regulatory T (TReg ) cell development and function. We describe a four-year-old boy with typical but slightly delayed-onset of IPEX with autoimmune diabetes mellitus, enteropathy, hepatitis and skin disease. We found the unreported FOXP3 splice site mutation c...

Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor. In a hierarchical tumor model, glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) play a major role in tumor initiation and maintenance as well as in therapy resistance and recurrence. Thus, targeting this cellular subset may be key to effective immunotherapy. Here, we present a mass spectrometry-based analysis of HLA-presented peptidomes of GSC and glioblastoma patient specimens. Based on the analysis of patient samples (n = 9) and GSC (n = 3), we performed comparative HLA peptidome profiling against a dataset of normal human tissues...

Introduction: Individuals with a known susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) demonstrate a reduced ventilation response and increased pulmonary vasoconstriction when exposed to hypoxia. It is unknown whether reduced sensitivity to hypercapnia is correlated with increased incidence and/or severity of HAPE, and while acute exercise at altitude is known to exacerbate symptoms the effect of exercise training on HAPE susceptibility is unclear. Purpose: To determine if chronic intermittent hypercapnia and exercise increases the incidence of HAPE in rats...

The pathophysiology of drug-resistant pediatric epilepsy is unknown. Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory leukocytes in resected brain tissues from 29 pediatric patients with genetic (focal cortical dysplasia) or acquired (encephalomalacia) epilepsy demonstrated significant brain infiltration of blood-borne inflammatory myeloid cells and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Significantly, proinflammatory (IL-17- and GM-CSF-producing) γδ T cells were concentrated in epileptogenic lesions, and their numbers positively correlated with disease severity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.