keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31378552/clinical-determinants-of-fever-in-clozapine-users-and-implications-for-treatment-management-a-narrative-review
#21
REVIEW
Hélène Verdoux, Clélia Quiles, Jose de Leon
OBJECTIVES: To identify the clinical determinants of fever in clozapine users and their impact on management of clozapine treatment. METHODS: Articles published in English or French identified with a MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO search, from inception through February 2019, using the term "clozapine" in combination with "fever" OR "hyperthermia" OR "body temperature" OR "pyrexia" OR "febrile" OR "heat" OR "thermoregulation". Information extracted for each medical condition were frequency, time to onset after initiation of clozapine treatment, characteristics of fever, associated symptoms, laboratory tests used for diagnosis, course, lethality, discontinuation of clozapine...
September 2019: Schizophrenia Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31342730/identifying-smoking-related-disease-on-lung-cancer-screening-ct-scans-increasing-the-value
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth A Regan, Katherine E Lowe, Barry J Make, David A Lynch, Gregory L Kinney, Matthew J Budoff, Song Shou Mao, Debra Dyer, Jeffrey L Curtis, Russell P Bowler, MeiLan K Han, Terri H Beaty, John E Hokanson, Elizabeth Kern, Stephen Humphries, Douglas Curran-Everett, Edwin J R van Beek, Edwin K Silverman, James D Crapo, James H Finigan
Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) via chest computed tomography (CT) scans can save lives by identifying early-stage tumors. However, most smokers die of comorbid smoking-related diseases. LCS scans contain information about smoking-related conditions that is not currently systematically assessed. Identifying these common comorbid diseases on CT could increase the value of screening with minimal impact on LCS programs. We determined the prevalence of 3 comorbid diseases from LCS eligible scans and quantified related adverse outcomes...
July 24, 2019: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Journal of the COPD Foundation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31238051/pneumonia-in-acute-ischemic-stroke-patients-requiring-invasive-ventilation-impact-on-short-and-long-term-outcomes
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Etienne de Montmollin, Stephane Ruckly, Carole Schwebel, Francois Philippart, Christophe Adrie, Eric Mariotte, Guillaume Marcotte, Yves Cohen, Benjamin Sztrymf, Daniel da Silva, Fabrice Bruneel, Marc Gainnier, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Romain Sonneville, Jean-François Timsit
OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology and prognostic impact of pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Retrospective analysis from a prospective multicenter cohort study of critically ill patients with acute ischemic stroke requiring invasive mechanical ventilation at admission. Impact of pneumonia was investigated using Cox regression for 1-year mortality, and competing risk survival models for ICU mortality censored at 30-days...
September 2019: Journal of Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31131794/measuring-quality-outcomes-across-hospital-systems-using-a-claims-data-model-for-risk-adjustment-of-mortality-rates
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Moodley Naidoo, G A Timothy, L Steenkamp, S Collie, M J Greyling
Healthcare delivery systems around the world are designing care through value-based models where value is defined as a function of quality of care outcomes and cost. Mortality is a sentinel outcome measure of quality of care, of fundamental importance to patients and providers. Discovery Health (DH), an administrative funder of healthcare in South Africa (SA), uses service claims data of client medical schemes to examine standardised mortality rates (SMRs) at condition level across hospital systems for the purpose of healthcare system improvement...
April 29, 2019: South African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31067267/risk-of-post-stroke-pneumonia-with-proton-pump-inhibitors-h2-receptor-antagonists-and-mucoprotective-agents-a-retrospective-nationwide-cohort-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tae-Jin Song, Jinkwon Kim
Stroke patients are at high risk of developing pneumonia, which is major cause of post-stroke mortality. Proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists are anti-ulcer drugs, which may predispose to the development of pneumonia by suppression of the gastric acid with bactericidal activity. Unlike proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists, mucoprotective agents have gastroprotective effects with no or less anti-acid property. We aimed to investigate effects of the acid-suppressive medications (proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists) and mucoprotective agents on risk for post-stroke pneumonia using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in Korea...
2019: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30777687/predictors-of-in-hospital-adverse-events-after-endovascular-aortic-aneurysm-repair
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Besma Nejim, Devin Zarkowsky, Caitlin W Hicks, Satinderjit Locham, Hanaa Dakour Aridi, Mahmoud B Malas
BACKGROUND: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) offered outstanding survival benefit but at the expense of cost, periodic radiographic monitoring, and higher reinterventions rates. Perioperative complications, although rare, can occur after EVAR, contributing to longer hospitalization, higher cost, and significant comorbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the predictors of in-hospital events (IHEs) after elective EVAR. METHODS: The Vascular Quality Initiative database was explored from 2003 to 2017...
July 2019: Journal of Vascular Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30761063/stroke-severity-versus-dysphagia-screen-as-driver-for-post-stroke-pneumonia
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thanh G Phan, Talvika Kooblal, Chelsea Matley, Shaloo Singhal, Benjamin Clissold, John Ly, Amanda G Thrift, Velandai Srikanth, Henry Ma
Background and Purpose: Post-stroke pneumonia is a feared complication of stroke as it is associated with greater mortality and disability than in those without pneumonia. Patients are often kept "Nil By Mouth" (NBM) after stroke until after receiving a screen for dysphagia and declared safe to resume oral intake. We aimed to assess the proportional contribution of stroke severity and dysphagia screen to pneumonia by borrowing idea from coalition game theory on fair distribution of marginal profit (Shapley value)...
2019: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30711633/protective-effect-of-influenza-vaccination-on-outcomes-in-geriatric-stroke-patients-a-nationwide-matched-cohort-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fai Lam, Ta-Liang Chen, Chun-Chuan Shih, Chao-Shun Lin, Chun-Chieh Yeh, Yuarn-Jang Lee, Chaur-Jong Hu, Hung-Yi Chiou, Chien-Chang Liao
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The effects of influenza vaccination (IV) on stroke outcomes are unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes after stroke in elderly individuals who have received an IV. METHODS: We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database 2000-2009 claims data to conduct a nested stroke cohort study including 148,909 hospitalized stroke patients aged 66 years and older. Using a matching procedure by propensity score, we selected 25,248 stroke patients with IV and 25,248 stroke patients without IV for comparison...
January 26, 2019: Atherosclerosis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30464711/risk-factors-for-early-hospital-readmission-following-total-knee-arthroplasty
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eva J Lehtonen, Matthew C Hess, Gerald McGwin, Ashish Shah, Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos, Sameer Naranje
Objective: To identify independent risk factors, complications and early hospital readmission following total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Using the ACS-NSQIP database, we identified patients who underwent primary TKA from 2012-2015. The primary outcome was early hospital readmission. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, laboratory data, operative characteristics, and postoperative complications were compared between readmitted and non-readmitted patients...
2018: Acta Ortopedica Brasileira
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30346258/frequency-of-post-stroke-pneumonia-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-observational-studies
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica S Badve, Zien Zhou, Diederik van de Beek, Craig S Anderson, Maree L Hackett
BACKGROUND: Post-stroke pneumonia and other infectious complications are serious conditions whose frequency varies widely across studies. AIMS: We conducted a systematic review to estimate the frequency of post-stroke pneumonia and other types of major infection. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched for prospective studies with consecutive recruitment of stroke patients. The primary outcome was post-stroke pneumonia...
February 2019: International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30093207/effectiveness-and-safety-of-antibiotics-for-preventing-pneumonia-and-improving-outcome-after-acute-stroke-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#31
REVIEW
Monica S Badve, Zien Zhou, Craig S Anderson, Maree L Hackett
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a common complication after stroke which increases morbidity and mortality. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for the prevention of pneumonia after acute stroke. METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing preventive antibiotics to placebo or no antibiotics after acute stroke. The primary outcome was poststroke pneumonia. Secondary outcomes were all infections, urinary tract infections, death, dependency, length of hospital stay, and adverse events...
November 2018: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases: the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30036664/time-to-blood-culture-positivity-an-independent-predictor-of-infective-endocarditis-and-mortality-in-patients-with-staphylococcus-aureus-bacteraemia
#32
MULTICENTER STUDY
S Siméon, V Le Moing, S Tubiana, X Duval, D Fournier, J-P Lavigne, M-L Erpelding, C-A Gustave, S Desage, C Chirouze, F Vandenesch, P Tattevin
OBJECTIVES: Time to blood culture positivity (TTP), a routinely available parameter in automated blood culture systems, may be a proxy for infectious burden in patients with bloodstream infections. We aimed to study the association between TTP and infective endocarditis (IE), or death, in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. METHODS: VIRSTA is a multicentre prospective cohort study that included all adult patients with S. aureus bacteraemia in eight university hospitals in France (2009-2011)...
April 2019: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29900413/development-and-internal-validation-of-a-prediction-rule-for-post-stroke-infection-and-post-stroke-pneumonia-in-acute-stroke-patients
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Willeke F Westendorp, Jan-Dirk Vermeij, Nina A Hilkens, Matthijs C Brouwer, Ale Algra, H Bart van der Worp, Diederik Wj Dippel, Diederik van de Beek, Pual J Nederkoorn
INTRODUCTION: Patients with acute stroke are at high risk for infection. These infections are associated with unfavourable outcome after stroke. A prediction rule can identify the patients at the highest risk for strategies to prevent infection. We aim to develop a prediction rule for post-stroke pneumonia and other infections in patients with acute stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used data from the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study, a multicentre randomised trial comparing preventive ceftriaxone vs...
June 2018: European Stroke Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29782526/decreased-risk-of-pneumonia-in-stroke-patients-receiving-acupuncture-a-nationwide-matched-pair-retrospective-cohort-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chuen-Chau Chang, Ta-Liang Chen, Chao-Shun Lin, Chi-Li Chung, Chun-Chieh Yeh, Chaur-Jong Hu, Hsin-Long Lane, Chien-Chang Liao, Chun-Chuan Shih
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture treatment is common among stroke patients, but there is limited information available on whether acupuncture effectively prevents post-stroke pneumonia. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential risk of pneumonia after stroke between patients who did and did not receive acupuncture after discharge. METHODS: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a retrospective cohort study using propensity score matched-pairs of new stroke patients in 2000-2004 who did and did not receive acupuncture post-stroke...
2018: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29685118/predictors-of-post-stroke-fever-and-infections-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#35
REVIEW
Maja Wästfelt, Yang Cao, Jakob O Ström
BACKGROUND: Fever after stroke is common, and often caused by infections. In the current study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that pneumonia, urinary tract infection and all-cause fever (thought to include at least some proportion of endogenous fever) have different predicting factors, since they differ regarding etiology. METHODS: PubMed was searched systematically for articles describing predictors for post-stroke pneumonia, urinary tract infection and all-cause fever...
April 23, 2018: BMC Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29600126/rehabilitation-pharmacotherapy-a-combination-of-rehabilitation-and-pharmacotherapy
#36
EDITORIAL
Hidetaka Wakabayashi
Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and polypharmacy are major causes of frailty in older people. Some frail older people become disabled through stroke, pneumonia, hip fracture, and other diseases. Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and polypharmacy tend to worsen disability in older people. Rehabilitation pharmacotherapy and rehabilitation nutrition are important to improve frailty and disability in older people under these circumstances.
March 2018: Journal of General and Family Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29571897/complex-interplay-of-multiple-biological-systems-that-contribute-to-post-stroke-infections
#37
REVIEW
Raymond Shim, Connie H Y Wong
Stroke is a leading contributor of death and disability around the world. Despite its recognised debilitating neurological deficits, a devastating clinical complication of surviving stroke patients that needs more attention is infection. Up to half of the patients develop infections after stroke, and a high proportion of them will die as a direct consequence. Major clinical trials that examined preventive antibiotic therapy in stroke patients have demonstrated this method of prevention is not effective as it does not reduce incidence of post-stroke pneumonia or improve patient outcome...
May 2018: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29541545/thirty-day-readmission-after-spontaneous-intracerebral-hemorrhage
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Therese Bjerkreim, Andrej Netland Khanevski, Solveig Bergliot Glad, Lars Thomassen, Halvor Naess, Nicola Logallo
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe form of stroke, but data on readmission after ICH are sparse. We aimed to determine frequency, causes, and predictors of 30-day readmission after ICH. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes all spontaneous ICH survivors admitted to the stroke unit at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen in Norway from July 2007 to December 2013. Patients were followed by review of electronic medical charts, and the first unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge was used as final outcome...
March 2018: Brain and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29288590/combined-electrical-stimulation-and-exercise-for-swallow-rehabilitation-post-stroke-a-pilot-randomized-control-trial
#39
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Lise Sproson, Sue Pownall, Pam Enderby, Jenny Freeman
BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is common after stroke, affecting up to 50% of patients initially. It can lead to post-stroke pneumonia, which causes 30% of stroke-related deaths, a longer hospital stay and poorer health outcomes. Dysphagia care post-stroke generally focuses on the management of symptoms, via modified oral intake textures and adapted posture, rather than direct physical rehabilitation of the swallowing function. Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a promising rehabilitation technology that can be used to stimulate swallowing; however, findings regarding efficacy have been conflicting...
March 2018: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28756476/development-of-pyriform-sinus-suctioning-programs-for-aspiration-pneumonia-prevention-during-the-acute-stroke
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuki Inui, Yayoi Kamakura, Junko Fukada, Masahiko Yoneda, Emiko Kataoka, Yasuko Usami, Miki Sugiura, Tetsuya Nagatani, Yukio Seki, Norikazu Hatano, Keizo Yasui
Aspiration due to dysphagia is a factor associated with pneumonia during acute stroke. In such cases, it is likely that secretions in the pyriform sinuses enter the laryngeal inlet. The present study was based on the idea that it is possible to reduce aspiration pneumonia by periodically suctioning and removing such secretions (pyriform sinus suctioning), a study was conducted in a single facility. The incidence of pneumonia as a dependent variable was compared between before (control) and after (intervention group) intervention with pyriform sinus suctioning as an independent variable...
December 2017: Dysphagia
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