Lung infection

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a potentially fatal complication and remains a surgical challenge. Concomitant problems, such as pulmonary infection and respiratory failure, are typically the main contributors to mortality from BPF because of improper contact between the bronchial and pleural cavity. We present the case of a 75-year-old male patient with a history of right upper lobe lung cancer resection who developed complex BPFs. Following appropriate antibiotic therapy and chest tube drainage, we treated the fistulas using endobronchial valve EBV placement and local argon gas spray stimulation...

RATIONALE: Chest computed tomography -scans (CTs) are essential to diagnose and monitor bronchiectasis (BE). To date, little quantitative data is available about the nature and extent of structural lung abnormalities (SLA) on CTs of BE patients. OBJECTIVES: to investigate SLA on CTs of patients with bronchiectasis and the relationship of SLAs to clinical features using the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC) Methods: CTs from BE patients included in the EMBARC registry were analyzed using the validated Bronchiectasis Scoring Technique for CT (BEST-CT)...

Paragonimiasis is a common zoonotic parasitic disease. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling is very important for the host to recognize invading pathogens (especially viruses and bacteria). However, the role of RIG-I signaling in the early stages of P. proliferus infection remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models with lung damage caused by P. proliferus were established. Experimental methods including Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to explore the mechanisms of lung injury caused by P...

INTRODUCTION: There is extensive published data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, information on the effective factors that improve the pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 patients, and long-term clinical and imaging follow-up of these patients is limited. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective cohort study on patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in two major academic hospitals in Yazd, Iran. The correlation between the baseline demographic and clinical/para-clinical data with the imaging resolution status at day 60 was assessed...

Respiratory illnesses and its repercussions are becoming more prevalent worldwide. It is necessary to research both innovative treatment and preventative techniques. Millions of confirmed cases and fatalities from the COVID-19 epidemic occurred over the previous two years. According to the review research, cannabinoids are a class of medicines that should be considered for the treatment of respiratory conditions. Cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have illustrated advantageous anti-inflammatory, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary artery hypotension in numerous studies ( in vitro and in vivo )...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with overall adverse events (AEs) and infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and comorbid interstitial lung disease (ILD), receiving biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs), using data from the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics registry. METHODS: We analysed data from a cohort of 2,266 adult patients with RA who received b/tsDMARDs, including 169 patients with comorbid ILD...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces respiratory dysfunction as well as kidney injury. Although the kidney is considered a target organ of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and affected by COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, the mechanisms of renal reaction in SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. In this study, a murine COVID-19 model was induced by nasal infection with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10). MA10 infection induced body weight loss along with lung inflammation in mice four days after infection...

Critical care medicine in the 21st century has witnessed remarkable advancements that have significantly improved patient outcomes in intensive care units (ICUs). This abstract provides a concise summary of the latest developments in critical care, highlighting key areas of innovation. Recent advancements in critical care include Precision Medicine: Tailoring treatments based on individual patient characteristics, genomics, and biomarkers to enhance the effectiveness of therapies. The objective is to describe the recent advancements in Critical Care Medicine...

Patients with cancer are known to have a poor prognosis when infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed in this study to assess health outcomes in COVID-19 patients with different cancers in comparison to non-cancer COVID-19 patients from different centers in the United States (US). We evaluated medical records of 1,943 COVID-19 Cancer patients from 3 hospitals admitted between December 2019 to October 2021 and compared them with non-cancer COVID-19 patients. Among 1,943 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 18...

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition distinguished by inflammation and impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium, can cause ALI through its virulence factors. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of illnesses due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Chitosan nanoparticles are biocompatible and totally biodegradable materials that have shown potential in drug delivery systems. AIM: To explore the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera -loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AV-CS-NPs) against S...

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), including Mycobacterium intracellulare is a member of slow-growing mycobacteria and contributes to a substantial proportion of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in humans affecting immunocompromised and elderly populations. Adaptation of pathogens in hostile environments is crucial in establishing infection and persistence within the host. However, the sophisticated cellular and molecular mechanisms of stress response in M. intracellulare still need to be fully explored...

BACKGROUND: Individual exposure to environmental pollutants, as one of the most influential drivers of respiratory disorders, has received considerable attention due to its preventability and controllability. Considering that the extracellular vesicle (EV) was an emerging intercellular communication medium, recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of environmental pollutants derived EVs (EPE-EVs) in respiratory disorders. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were searched from January 2018 to December 2023 for publications with key words of environmental pollutants, respiratory disorders and EVs...

Cryptococcosis, a globally distributed mycotic disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii, has been extensively studied in various domestic animals and humans. However, non-domestic species have often been overlooked in the literature, with limited attention given to their susceptibility and contribution to the epidemiology of the disease. In this study, a captive two-year-old Cape hyrax in a Japanese zoo exhibited neurological symptoms and torticollis, ultimately succumbing to the infection. Necropsy and pathological analyses, including histopathological techniques and PCR, revealed the presence of C...

African spitting cobra, Naja nigricincta nigricincta (Zebra snake), envenomation is an important cause of snakebite morbidity and mortality in Namibia. The snake is endemic to central and northern Namibia as well as southern Angola. The venom is mainly cytotoxic, resulting in aggressive dermo-necrosis and often accompanied by severe systemic complications. No specific antivenom exists. Rhabdomyolysis, systemic inflammatory response, haemostatic abnormalities, infective necrotising fasciitis as well as acute kidney failure have been documented...

Particulate matter (PM) significantly contributes to the global health crisis of respiratory diseases. It is known to induce and exacerbate conditions such as asthma and respiratory infections. Long exposure to PM can increase the risk of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Although therapeutic drugs can be used to improve symptoms of respiratory diseases caused by PM, their usage is often accompanied by side effects. Therefore, many studies are being conducted to discover functional food materials that can more effectively treat respiratory diseases while minimizing the side effects of these therapeutic drugs...

Mycobacterium abscessus is increasingly recognized as the causative agent of chronic pulmonary infections in humans. One of the genes found to be under strong evolutionary pressure during adaptation of M. abscessus to the human lung is embC which encodes an arabinosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of the cell envelope lipoglycan, lipoarabinomannan (LAM). To assess the impact of patient-derived embC mutations on the physiology and virulence of M. abscessus , mutations were introduced in the isogenic background of M...

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a serious cause of pulmonary and systemic infections globally, and host-directed therapies are lacking. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of asapiprant, an inhibitor of prostaglandin D2 signaling, against pneumococcal infection. Treatment of young mice with asapiprant after pulmonary infection with invasive pneumococci significantly reduced systemic spread, disease severity, and host death. Protection was specific against bacterial dissemination from the lung to the blood but had no effect on pulmonary bacterial burden...

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is most common in populations of Northern European ancestry where the F508del variant predominates. In 2020, Iceland became a member of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry, and we launched an epidemiological study of CF in Iceland. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and the genetic variants present in the country. Furthermore, we aimed to describe the previous and the current situation regarding lung function, infections, complications, treatment, and follow-up to understand the strengths and weaknesses of CF care in Iceland...

Haemogregarine (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) parasites are considered to be the most common and widespread haemoparasites in reptiles. The genus Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) can be found parasitizing a broad range of species and, in reptiles, they infect mainly peripheral blood erythrocytes. The present study detected and characterized a haemogregarine isolated from the lizard species, Ameiva ameiva , collected from the municipality of Capanema, Pará state, north Brazil. Blood smears and imprints from lungs, brain, heart, kidney, liver, bone marrow and spleen were observed using light microscopy and the parasite was genetically identified by molecular analysis...

Introduction . Strongyloides stercoralis causes a helminthic infection that occurs via penetration of the skin with migration to the bloodstream, tracheobronchial tree, and gastrointestinal system. Pulmonary manifestations are rare and are typically seen in immunosuppressed patients who have Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome. Eosinophilic pleural effusions are rare in strongyloidiasis and only cited in a few case reports. Case Presentation . A 45-year-old male with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, alcoholic cirrhosis, and end-stage renal disease presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and dyspnea...