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OBJECTIVE: To determine fetal thymus growth and its relationship with fetal weight and cord blood T-regulatory cells in a prospective study. Assessment of fetal immune organs by ultrasound could provide a screening approach to identify fetuses at risk of impaired postnatal immunity. STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Thymus size was measured with four ultrasound techniques. The approaches with lowest coefficient of variation (thymus transverse diameter, 3 vessel edge) were used to longitudinally assess fetal and thymus growth in 137 cases at four time points between a gestational age (GA) of 13 and 37 weeks...

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) covalently functionalized with polytyrosine (Polytyr); the critical analysis of the experimental conditions to obtain the efficient dispersion of the modified carbon nanotubes; and the analytical performance of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with the dispersion (GCE/SWCNT-Polytyr) for the highly sensitive quantification of polyphenols. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration plot for the amperometric response of gallic acid (GA) shows a linear range between 5...

Release of calcium (Ca(++)) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been proposed to be involved in induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Using inhibitor of ER Ca(++) release dantrolene and inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(++) uptake Ru-360, we demonstrated that Ca(++) release from the ER was associated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis of human oral cancer (OC) cells induced by gallic acid (GA). Small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibited tunicamycin-induced induction of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein, pro-caspase-12 cleavage, cytosolic Ca(++) increase and apoptosis, but did not attenuate the increase in cytosolic Ca(++) level and apoptosis induced by GA...

PURPOSE: The immune system plays an important role in tumour progression. Systemic opioids are immunosuppressive; thus, theoretically they may promote tumour spread. Our primary aim was to test the hypothesis that general anesthesia (GA) with spinal analgesia (SA) in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) will both reduce systemic opioid use and improve oncological outcomes. Since blood transfusions also induce immunosuppression, a secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of perioperative transfusions on oncological outcomes...

The purpose of the current study was to develop and test a theoretical model that could explain the mechanism of action of gallic acid (GA) in the oral squamous cell carcinoma context for the first time. The theoretical model was developed using bioinformatics and interaction network analysis to evaluate the effect of GA on oral squamous cell carcinoma. In a second step to confirm theoretical results, migration, invasion, proliferation, and gene expression (Col1A1, E-cadherin, HIF-1α, and caspase-3) were performed under normoxic and hypoxic conditions...

The utility of nondestructive laser Raman for testing the biogenicity of microfossil-like structures in ancient rocks is promising, yet results from deposits like the ∼3.46 Ga Apex chert remain contentious. The essence of the debate is that associated microstructures, which are not purported to be microfossils, also contain reduced carbon that displays Raman D- and G-band peaks similar to those seen in the purported microfossils. This has led to the hypothesis that all features including reported microfossils are due to compression of nonfossil carbon during crystal growth around quartz spherulites or more angular crystals...

Fetal maturation age assessment based on heart rate variability (HRV) is a predestinated tool in prenatal diagnosis. To date, almost linear maturation characteristic curves are used in univariate and multivariate models. Models using complex multivariate maturation characteristic curves are pending. To address this problem, we use Random Forest (RF) to assess fetal maturation age and compare RF with linear, multivariate age regression. We include previously developed HRV indices such as traditional time and frequency domain indices and complexity indices of multiple scales...

In this work, the antioxidant gallic acid (GA) has been encapsulated in microspheres prepared with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and incorporated into polyamide (PA) obtaining the cosmeto-textile. The topical application of the cosmeto-textile provides a reservoir effect in the skin delivery of GA. The close contact of the cosmeto-textile, containing microsphere-encapsulated GA (ME-GA), with the skin and their corresponding occlusion, may be the main reasons that explain the crossing of active principle (GA) through the skin barrier, located in the stratum corneum, and its penetration into the different compartments of the skin, epidermis and dermis...

INTRODUCTION: In current literature, the immune-inflammatory theory of atherosclerosis is widely discussed. The role of how heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) lead to the development of the atheromatous plaque is especially underlined. The aim of the study is to estimate the influence of three hormonal protocols on behavior of antibodies against HSP60. It determines the state of endothelium in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 90 women between 2007 and 2012...

Hypergastrinemia is a prominent feature of a segment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the gastrinomas, occurring mostly in the gastrinoma triangle. Hypergastrinemia due to a thoracic neuroendocrine tumor is a very rare occurrence, with a paucity of literature elucidating the same. We report a case of thoracic neuroendocrine tumor in a patient who had initially presented with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease of 3-y duration. On evaluation, the patient's fasting serum gastrin levels were found to be raised...

BACKGROUND: Experimental data indicate that high-fat diet (HFD) may alter proliferative activity and prostate health. However, the consequences of HFD exposure during different periods of ontogenetic development on prostate histophysiology remain to be elucidated. Herein, we compare the influence of obesogenic environment (OE) due to maternal obesity and HFD at different periods of life on proliferative activity and nuclear receptors frequency in the rat ventral prostate and a possible relationship with metabolic and hormonal alterations...

Genetic polymorphisms in grainyhead‑like 2 (GRHL2) variants were examined for their suspected association with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). Between January 2009 and April 2014, 190 patients with SSHL, who were diagnosed at the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at Kaihua People's Hospital and Hangzhou First People's Hospital, were selected for the present study and defined as the SSHL group. A group of 210 healthy individuals were defined as the control group. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‑restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect GRHL2 genotypes, using genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood as PCR templates...

To understand the effect of metals on the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus and the possible environment-induced changes in oxidative stress enzymes, we determined the concentrations of 18 metals: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, In, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn, in the tissues (liver, skin, and muscle) and water samples collected from different locations in Serbia. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and changes in concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were analyzed in the tissues of the sampled frogs...

We aimed to investigate the association between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene polymorphisms and the risk of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its prognosis after chemotherapy. A total of 147 pediatric ALL patients diagnosed by our hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 were included in the case group, and 102 healthy people who received a physical examination during the same time frame in our hospital were included in the control group. DNA sequencing was applied for site determination and genotyping of the DPYD 85T > C, 2194G > A, 1156G > T, and IVS14 + 1G > A polymorphisms...

OBJECTIVE: The authors have conjugated chelating agents (DOTA and NODAGA) with a peptide (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide [PACAP] analogue) that has a high affinity for VPAC1 receptors expressed on cancer cells. To determine a suitable chelating agent for labeling with (68)Ga, they have compared the labeling kinetics and stability of these peptide conjugates. METHODS: For labeling, (68)GaCl3 was eluted in 0.1 M HCl from a [(68)Ge-(68)Ga] generator...

In the period 2006-2010, the National Cancer Registry indicated a gradual increase in the incidence of malignant tumours among men, from 64,092 thousand in 2006 to 70,024 thousand in 2010. In the reference period, the number of deaths due to malignant tumours among men oscillated around 52 thousand. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of malignant tumours in the male population of Poland in the period 2006-2010. The study material comprised data obtained from the National Cancer Registry and from the Central Statistical Office, available on the websites of these institutions...

The application of silicalite for improvement of enzyme adsorption on new stainless steel electrodes is reported. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized by two methods: cross-linking by glutaraldehyde (GOx-GA) and cross-linking by glutaraldehyde along with GOx adsorption on silicalite-modified electrode (SME) (GOx-SME-GA). The GOx-SME-GA biosensors were characterized by a four- to fivefold higher sensitivity than GOx-GA biosensor. It was concluded that silicalite together with GA sufficiently enhances enzyme adhesion on stainless steel electrodes...

This review compares the development, characteristics, validity, and reliability of two well-known quality of life (QOL) assessment tools used in patients with gastric cancer: the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach (EORTC QLQ-STO22) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gastric (FACT-Ga). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL (inception to April 2015) to identify studies that discussed the development, characteristics, validity and reliability of the EORTC QLQ-STO22 or the FACT-Ga...

The electrodeposition of Ni on single-crystal n-GaN(0001) film from acetate solution was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical techniques. The as-deposited Ni/n-GaN(0001) had a flat band potential of Ufb = -1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which was much lower than that of bare GaN(0001). That is, a more feasible charge-transfer process occurred at the Ni/n-Ga(0001) interface. On the basis of a Tafel plot, an exchange current density of ∼1...

BACKGROUND: Among term infants, ABO incompatibility is a leading cause of hemolytic disease and neonatal jaundice. With respect to preterm infants, data are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and severity of ABO incompatibility hemolytic disease among preterm infants with respect to hemolytic and jaundice parameters. DESIGN: Clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 118 ABO-incompatible preterms born at gestational age (GA) 29-34 weeks, as well as 118 controls matched for GA, birth weight, and multiplicity...