Skin Lymphomas

Context: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare B-lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by an angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern along with Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) association. It is one of the diagnostic challenges in lymphoma pathology. Deregulation of EBV immune surveillance is one of the narrated hypotheses in the literature. Extrapulmonary manifestations are rare with LYG. Morphological grading is done based on the number of EBV-positive B cells, which is useful to strategize treatment protocol...

Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma most commonly represents an indolent form of cutaneous B cell lymphoma. However, epidermotropic marginal zone lymphoma, blastic marginal zone lymphoma and B cell dominant variants without isotype switching can be associated with extracutaneous dissemination. The presumptive cell of origin is a post germinal center B cell with plasmacytic features. In the extracutaneous setting, however, a naïve B cell origin has been proposed for a subset of marginal zone lymphomas, notably splenic marginal zone lymphoma...

INTRODUCTION: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a hematological malignancy associated with chronic HTLV-1 infection. AIM: To describe skin lesions in ATLL. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study between 1996 and 2016, including all patients diagnosed with ATLL at Saint-Louis Hospital (Paris, France). RESULTS: Thirty-seven ATLL patients were included. Fifteen patients (41%) had a cutaneous localization of the disease, which was present from the beginning of the disease for two thirds of them...

A striking form of lymphocytic mural folliculitis is described in 6 tigers ( Panthera tigris). Clinically, all tigers exhibited regionally extensive chronic, variably waxing and waning alopecia with minimal scaling and crusting most pronounced over the head, neck, and shoulders. More severely affected tigers exhibited marked hyperpigmentation and lichenification. Pruritus was not a feature. Tigers generally lacked signs of systemic illness and clinical pathology findings were unremarkable. Histologic examination of skin biopsies revealed infiltrative lymphocytic mural folliculitis extending the length of the hair follicle...

The present study reports the in vitro biological nature of the pigment produced by Staphylococcus gallinarum KX912244, isolated as the gut microflora bacterium of the insect Bombyx mori . The purified pigment was characterized as Staphyloxanthin based on bio-physical characterization techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H NMR), Liquid chromatography-Mass spectroscopy and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy...

Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji (PEO) is an erythroderma-like eruption with flat-topped papules that spare the skin folds (a "deck-chair sign" finding). Many infections, medications, and systemic diseases have been associated with PEO, including cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). The relationship between the clinical presentation of PEO and CTCL remains poorly elucidated. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were obtained from the Lymphoma Clinic at the Ottawa Hospital, Canada. We report 5 patients with deck-chair-sign-positive CTCL, mycosis fungoides, and Sézary syndrome variants...

BACKGROUND: Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mainly affecting the hair follicle, which seems to represent a place of immune privilege phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: To explore a possible role of immune privilege (IP) in FMF analyzing the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for HLA-G and MHC-II was performed to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cutaneous skin biopsies of FMF patients (n = 43), conventional mycosis fungoides (CMF; n = 13), alopecia areata (AA; n = 13), and normal scalp skin (NS; n = 12)...

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) occurs in ~5% of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. We report a unique presentation of PTLD in the bladder of a lung transplant recipient. Our patient was a 62-year-old female who received a bilateral lung transplant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She presented with fever, left-sided flank pain and foul-smelling urine consistent with urosepsis. An abdominal and pelvic computerized tomography revealed an irregular and nodular bladder wall thickening suspicious for urothelial neoplasm...

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder of the skin characterized by the absence of nodal and visceral involvement, low recurrence rate, spontaneous remission, and tendency to occur in patients older than 20 years. The case presented here is of a 15-year-old boy with grouped papular lesions arranged in an annular fashion with a central clearing on his right arm for 4 months that was diagnosed with a case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma...

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder. Defective immune system related disorders are prone to increase the risk of cancer formation. However, the association among AA and variety of cancer types had never been studied. A nationwide population-based matched cohort study was conducted to evaluate the cancer risk in patients with AA. Records from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. Cases of AA from 1997 to 2013 and cancers registered in the catastrophic illness profile from the same time period were collected...

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCLs-NOS) have been defined as a kind of "Pandora's box", because of the broad morphologic spectrum, which features a prevalent nodal involvement and an aggressive, yet non-specific clinical course1,2 . PTCLs-NOS usually have a nodal presentation, while a skin spread occurs in approximately 20% of cases3 being regarded as a worse prognostic factor4,5,6 . PTCLs-NOS featuring skin lesions present at least six months before a hypothetical systemic involvement are regarded as a separate entity, named primary cutaneous PTCLs-NOS (PC-PTCLs-NOS)3,4,7 ...

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, clinically aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin; MCC is 40 times less common as compared to melanoma. The most frequently reported sites have been the head and neck, extremities, and trunk. Potential mimics include malignant melanoma, lymphoma, or metastatic small cell (neuroendocrine) carcinomas. Histopathology of MCC resembles small cell carcinoma both morphologically and on IHC. The possible cell of origin was proposed as the Merkel cell, which functions as a mechanoreceptor...

Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a peripheral T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive fatal course and it has varied clinical presentation with an uncommon presentation when they present as soft tissue masses or when there is spill in the peripheral blood or there are composite lymphomas that are rare presentations. Common presentations include lymphadenopathy, fever and systemic symptoms, hemolytic anemias, skin rashes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The classical histopathology is absence of follicles in lymph nodes with presence of high endothelial venules and the tumor cells of small to medium-sized lymphocytes with pale cytoplasm mixed with reactive T cells...

Rituximab is an anti-CD20 antibody used to deplete B lymphocytes in lymphoma and autoimmune disease. Case reports in the literature describe patients who paradoxically develop autoimmune disease in response to rituximab therapy. We review the reports of autoimmune pathology in response to rituximab treatment and the proposed mechanisms of this reaction. These autoimmune diseases manifest in various organ systems, most frequently the skin and lungs, and involve distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis mediated by potential alterations in B and T lymphocytes, innate immune system, and specific environmental factors...

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer. Myoepithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells. Basal cell carcinoma with myoepithelial differentiation is a rare tumor. A 71-year-old man with a basal cell carcinoma with myoepithelial differentiation that presented as an asymptomatic red papule of two months duration on his forehead is described. Including the reported patient, this variant of basal cell carcinoma has been described in 16 patients: 11 men and five women. The patients ranged in age at diagnosis from 43 years to 83 years; the median age at diagnosis was 66 years...

Background: There is a concern that topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, indicated for second-line treatment of atopic dermatitis, may increase the risk of lymphoma and skin cancer, particularly in children. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare incidence rates (IRs) of lymphoma and skin cancer between new users of topical tacrolimus or pimecrolimus and users of moderate- to high-potency topical corticosteroids (TCSs) and untreated subjects. Methods: This is a multicenter cohort study with frequency matching by strata of propensity scores in population databases in the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and the UK...

Adult T cell lymphoma (ATL), is a peripheral T cell neoplasm associated with infection by human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV). This is a case of a 28-year-old lady who presented with back pain for the past month and recent onset weakness in her lower extremities bilaterally. She has a history of T-cell lymphoma secondary to HTLV-1 under remission since 2014 and systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by lupus nephritis. On physical examination patient had hyper-reflexia in both knees, ankle clonus bilaterally and spasticity in both her lower extremities...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonists have been applied in combination with chemo-, radio- or immunotherapy for lymphoma, and used as topical drugs for the treatment of viral skin lesions and skin tumors. In the present study, the role of an adenine analog, 9-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-adenine [termed Gao Dong (GD)], a novel TLR7 agonist, in the activation of cytokine-induced killer/natural killer (CIK/NK) cells was determined. The results of the present study indicated that GD was able to activate CIK/NK cells...

Malignant melanoma is characterized by rapid deterioration, early metastasis and high mortality. Cdk5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1 (CDK5RAP1), which catalyzes 2-methylthio (ms2 ) modification of mitochondrial transfer RNAs, has been reported to induce cancer cell apoptosis, by a phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) signaling pathway. The present study was the first to report on the association between CDK5RAP1 deficiency and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway during the apoptosis process in human malignant melanoma (A375) cells...

BACKGROUND: Prior epidemiological evidences suggest that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is linked to cancers other than hepatocellular carcinoma. This prospective hospital registry-based case-control study aimed to investigate the sero-epidemiological association between chronic HBV infection and various types of cancer. METHODS: 95,034 patients with first-diagnosed non-hepatocellular malignancy in a tertiary hospital between 2007 and 2014; and 118,891 non-cancer individuals as controls from a health promotion center were included...