Michael Frese, Stefanie I Krauss, Nina Keith, Susanne Escher, Rafal Grabarkiewicz, Siv Tonje Luneng, Constanze Heers, Jens Unger, Christian Friedrich
A model of business success was developed with motivational resources (locus of control, self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and self-reported personal initiative) and cognitive resources (cognitive ability and human capital) as independent variables, business owners' elaborate and proactive planning as a mediator, and business size and growth as dependent variables. Three studies with a total of 408 African micro and small-scale business owners were conducted in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. Structural equation analyses partially supported the hypotheses on the importance of psychological planning by the business owners...
November 2007: Journal of Applied Psychology