Physiology water homeostasis

UNLABELLED: Tumors can induce systemic disturbances in distant organs, leading to physiological changes that enhance host morbidity. In Drosophila cancer models, tumors have been known for decades to cause hypervolemic 'bloating' of the abdominal cavity. Here we use allograft and transgenic tumors to show that hosts display fluid retention associated with autonomously defective secretory capacity of fly renal tubules, which function analogous to those of the human kidney. Excretion from these organs is blocked by abnormal cells that originate from inappropriate activation of normally quiescent renal stem cells (RSCs)...

Cellular senescence, characterized by expressing the cell cycle inhibitory protein p21/CDKN1A, is evident in driving age-related diseases. Senescent cells play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tau-mediated pathology, suggesting that targeting cell senescence offers a therapeutic potential for treating tauopathy associated diseases. This study focuses on identifying non-invasive biomarkers and validating their responses to a well-characterized senolytic therapy combining dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), in a widely used tauopathy mouse model, PS19...

All animal cells control their volume through a complex set of mechanisms, both to counteract osmotic perturbations of the environment and to enable numerous vital biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. The ability of cells to adjust their volume depends on the activity of ion channels and transporters which, by moving K+ , Na+ , and Cl- ions across the plasma membrane, generate the osmotic gradient that drives water in and out of the cell. In 2010, Patapoutian's group identified a small family of evolutionarily conserved, Ca2+ -permeable mechanosensitive channels, Piezo1 and Piezo2, as essential components of the mechanically activated current that mediates mechanotransduction in vertebrates...

Epithelial tissues sheath organs and electro-mechanically regulate ion and water transport to regulate development, homeostasis, and hydrostatic organ pressure. Here, we demonstrate how external electrical stimulation allows us to control these processes in living tissues. Specifically, we electrically stimulate hollow, 3D kidneyoids and gut organoids and find that physiological-strength electrical stimulation of ∼ 5 - 10 V/cm powerfully inflates hollow tissues; a process we call electro-inflation...

A slight variation in ecological milieu of plants, like drought, heavy metal toxicity, abrupt changes in temperature, flood, and salt stress disturbs the usual homeostasis or metabolism in plants. Among these stresses, salinity stress is particularly detrimental to the plants, leading to toxic effects and reduce crop productivity. In a saline environment, the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions up to toxic levels significantly correlates with intracellular osmotic pressure, and can result in morphological, physiological, and molecular alterations in plants...

The role of the hypothalamic cold-sensitive ion channels - transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in homeostatic systems of thermoregulation and water-salt balance - is not clear. The interaction of homeostatic systems of thermoregulation and water-salt balance without additional temperature load did not receive due attention, too. On the models of water-balance disturbance, we tried to elucidate some aspect of these problems. Body temperature (Tbody ), O2 consumption, CO2 excretion, electrical muscle activity (EMA), temperature of tail skin (Ttail ), plasma osmolality, as well as gene expression of hypothalamic TRPM8 and TRPA1 have been registered in rats of 3 groups: control; water-deprived (3 days under dry-eating); and hyperhydrated (6 days without dry food, drinking liquid 4 % sucrose)...

Heavy metals, common environmental pollutants with widespread distribution hazards and several health problems linked to them are distinguished from other toxic compounds by their bioaccumulation in living organisms. They pollute the food chain and threaten the health of animals. Biologically, heavy metals exhibit both beneficial and harmful effects. Certain essential heavy metals such as Co, Mn, Se, Zn, and Mg play crucial roles in vital physiological processes in trace amounts, while others like As, Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cu are widely recognized for their toxic properties...

In order to maintain the dynamic physiological balance, plants are compelled to adjust their energy metabolism and signal transduction to cope with the abiotic stresses caused by complex and changeable environments. The diterpenoid natural compound and secondary metabolites, sclareol, derived from Salvia sclarea, has gained significant attention owing to its economic value as a spice material and diverse physiological activities. Here, we focused on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the sclareol diterpene synthase gene SsdTPS in the resistance of S...

Human microbiota mainly resides on the skin and in the gut. Human gut microbiota can produce a variety of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that affect many physiological functions and most importantly modulate brain functions through the bidirectional gut-brain axis. Similarly, skin microorganisms also have identical metabolites of SCFAs reported to be involved in maintaining skin homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether these SCFAs produced by skin bacteria can affect brain cognitive functions. In this study, we hypothesize that the brain's functional activities are associated with the skin bacterial population and examine the influence of local skin-bacterial growth on event-related potentials (ERPs) during an oddball task using EEG...

Since swimming performance depends on both physical conditioning and technical proficiency, training zones should be built based on physiology and biomechanics inputs to dispose of structured and effective training programs. This paper presents a zone-based swimming training, supported by the oxygen uptake (<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math>O2 ) kinetics at low, moderate, heavy, severe and extreme intensities concurrently with lactate and heart rate values...

Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is a vasopressin (VP) regulated water channel in the renal collecting duct. Phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of AQP2 play essential roles in controlling the cellular abundance of AQP2 and its accumulation on the plasma membrane in response to VP. Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are multi-subunit E3 ligases involved in ubiquitylation and degradation of their target proteins, eight of which are expressed in the collecting duct. Here, we utilized an established cell model of the collecting duct (mpkCCD14 cells) to study the role of Cullins in modulating AQP2...

For the past 300 years, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has been considered a toxic gas. Nowadays, it has been found to be a novel signaling molecule in plants involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses, including high temperature (HT) and low temperature (LT). As a signaling molecule, H2 S can be actively synthesized and degraded in the cytosol, chloroplasts, and mitochondria of plant cells by enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways to maintain homeostasis...

Together with other abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures, salt stress is one of the most deleterious environmental factors affecting plant development and productivity, causing significant crop yield reductions. The progressive secondary salinisation of irrigated farmland is a problem as old as agriculture but is aggravated and accelerated in the current climate change scenario. Plant biostimulants, developed commercially during the last decade, are now recognised as innovative, sustainable agronomic tools for improving crop growth, yield, plant health and tolerance to abiotic stress factors such as water and soil salinity...

We employed a meta-analysis to determine if the presumed resilience of decapods to ocean acidification extends to all biological aspects, environments, and life stages. Most response categories appeared unaffected by acidification. However, certain fitness-related traits (growth, survival, and, to some extent, calcification) were impacted. Acid-base balance and stress response scaled positively with reductions in pH, which maintains homeostasis, possibly at the cost of other processes. Juveniles were the only stage impacted by acidification, which is believed to reduce recruitment...

Fish are poikilothermic vertebrates and their physiological activities are affected by water temperature. In recent years, extreme weather has occurred frequently, and temperature changes have adversely affected the growth of farmed fish. To explore the changes in gill tissue structure caused by changing the water temperature and the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the Leiocassis longirostris host adaptation mechanism, gill tissue sections and intestinal microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were conducted under different temperature stress (low temperature 4 °C, normal temperature 26 °C and high temperature 32 °C)...

In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria perform cellular respiration through a series of redox reactions ultimately reducing molecular oxygen to water. The system responsible for this process is the respiratory chain or electron transport system (ETS) composed of complexes I-IV. Due to its function, the ETS is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating them on both sides of the mitochondrial inner membrane, i.e. the intermembrane space (IMS) and the matrix. A correct balance between ROS generation and scavenging is important for keeping the cellular redox homeostasis and other important aspects of cellular physiology...

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AIM: Although of potential biomedical relevance, dipeptide metabolism has hardly been studied. We found the dipeptidase carnosinase-2 (CN2) to be abundant in human proximal tubules, which regulate water and solute homeostasis. We therefore hypothesized, that CN2 has a key metabolic role, impacting proximal tubular transport function. METHODS: A knockout of the CN2 gene (CNDP2-KO) was generated in human proximal tubule cells and characterized by metabolomics, RNA-seq analysis, paracellular permeability analysis and ion transport...

β-cyclocitral (BCC) is an odorous compound that can be produced by bloom-forming cyanobacteria, for example, Microcystis aeruginosa. BCC has been proposed to explain the rapid decline of cyanobacterial blooms in natural water bodies due to its lytic effects on cyanobacteria cells. However, few insights have been gained regarding the mechanisms of its lethality on cyanobacteria. In this study, M. aeruginosa was exposed to 0-300 mg/L BCC, and the physiological responses were comprehensively studied at the cellular, molecular, and transcriptomic levels...

Plants evolved several acquired tolerance traits for drought stress adaptation to maintain the cellular homeostasis. Drought stress at the anthesis stage in rice affects productivity due to the inefficiency of protein synthesis machinery. The effect of translational mechanisms on different pathways involved in cellular tolerance plays an important role. We report differential responses of translation-associated mechanisms in rice using polysome bound mRNA sequencing at anthesis stage drought stress in resistant Apo and sensitive IR64 genotypes...