Actual neuroses

In psychoanalytic theory, the importance of actual neuroses-considered to be devoid of psychic content-diminished as Freud and subsequent analysts focused on unconscious intrapsychic conflict. This paper explores the relationship between actual neurotic and unrepresented states, which are believed to be best addressed through attention to countertransference, intersubjectivity, and enactments rather than interpretation of intrapsychic conflict. Models suggesting how actual neurotic states and symbolized intrapsychic conflict may interact with each other and environmental stressors are described...

공황장애에 관한 라캉학파적 지향을 갖는 한 치료를 위해서 자크 라캉의 불안 이론에서 원칙들을 추론한다. 이런 류의 라캉학파적 접근은 프로이트의 실제 신경증(actual neuroses)에 관한 이론과 연관이 있으며, 또한 공황-집중 정신역동적 정신치료(PFPP)에서 취하는 접근과도 어떤 점에서는 비견될 만하다. 공황에 대한 라캉학파의 개념에서는 억압된 자료(재료) 및 상징화가 안 된 정신 상태들, 양자가 공황의 기저에 놓여있다는 생각을 견지하고 있다...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to give a new anchorage for the initial concept of pseudodementia, its basic definitions and actual clinical implications. The original definition and framework of the concept are misidentified and therefore need to be reintroduced and analysed here. This approach, beyond its heuristic and epistemological goal, has a practical aim: to adjust the psychopathological point of view on pseudodementia. METHODOLOGY: In addition to a conventional survey based on search engines (Medline, PsychINFO and google book), we conducted a systematic review of the concomitant papers related to the rise of the concept...

Several factors have led to suggestions that anxiety and depression are actually the same disease: very frequently, they co-exist; there is an overlap of symptoms between the two conditions; a number of similar agents can be used to treat both mental states; the same neurotransmitters are involved in both anxiety and depressive disorders; and stress can predispose both. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have shown efficacy in a number of neuroses: depression; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders (panic disorder [PD], social anxiety disorder [SAD], generalised anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder)...

From Jacques Lacan's theory of anxiety, principles are deduced for a Lacanian-oriented treatment of panic disorder. This Lacanian approach is related to Freud's theory of the actual neuroses, and is comparable in some ways with the approach taken in Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP). The Lacanian conceptualization of panic retains the idea that both repressed material and unsymbolized mental states lie at its basis. People suffering from panic attacks are overwhelmed by signifiers, aspects of corporeal excitation, and/or existential questions that remain too Real...

This paper is an experiment in conceptual integration and clinical theory testing. Its argument is that narcissism and sexual object love develop from a single source and continue to interact during childhood development and adult life (Freud) and that drives in their oedipal and other formations are not merely disintegration products of narcissism (Kohut). Material from two analyses, supplemented by material from two others, indicate that narcissistic injury was a significant factor in the neuroses of these patients but that aggressive and libidinal conflicts were also decisive such that their hypochondriac symptoms were compositions of their interacting causality...

In the latter decades of the 19th century, European physicians debated a controversial practice that mixed placebos with suggestion therapy to treat children diagnosed with neurotic disorders and behavioral problems. Designed to optimize suggestibility in juvenile patients, this "moral orthopedics" offered parents and therapists the message that children could be saved from becoming victims of their own personalities, of familial neuroses, or even of public health problems. Case studies, published in medical journals and books, circulated accounts of innovative strategies to treat childhood hysteria and to change habits that were considered destructive...

The figure of the governess, central in Freud's own history, is present in most of his cases. Freud described his nursemaid as "the prime originator" of his neuroses. Well after Freud's abandonment of the seduction theory, female servants were consistently portrayed as seducing boys, while their relationship with girls consisted of identification and rivalry. The role of Freud's own surrogate mother in his life and writing is examined, and two cases, Lucy R. and Dora, are looked at through the lens of female caretaking...

Starting from a contemporary critique of the DSM-IV, this paper argues that the diagnostic categories of panic disorder somatization, and undifferentiated somatoform disorders can be understood as belonging to a common type of psychopathology--i.e., the Freudian actual neuroses. In addition to their strong clinical similarity, these disorders share an etiological similarity; and the authors propose a combination of Freud's focus on this type of patient's inability to represent an endogenous drive arousal with the post-Freudian focus on separation anxiety...

The terms somatization and conversion are used descriptively to define specific diagnostic entities, and phenomenologically to denote pathologic processes that underlie somatic symptom formation. There is a lack of clarity, and even controversy, however, as to whether somatization and conversion should be considered distinct or overlapping constructs, and whether they contribute to the pathogenesis of certain organic diseases or solely to medically unexplained somatic symptoms. This article attempts to resolve some of this confusion by reviewing the origins of the terms somatization and conversion, and describing how their meanings and uses have evolved over the last century...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The fundamental of the theory of the functional systems, i.e., the concept of the useful adaptive result as a universal system-forming factor is considered. It is suggested that the adaptive result is not system-forming in behaviors actualized exclusively due to activity of systems developed earlier. It is argued that positive mutations may serve as the system-forming factor for hereditary determined behavioral forms. In all other cases of goal-directed behavior (except conditioning) the aim of performance as a model of the future result plays the decisive role...

The author describes the development of Freud's theory of neurosis from 1892 onwards, starting with his distinction between the actual neuroses and the psychoneuroses and his discovery of a specific, sexual aetiology for both, until which point it remained limited to pathology. The problem of the aetiology of perversion, however, confronted him with a paradox within the theory of seduction: how can an infantile sexual pleasure produce unpleasure when it is remembered at the time of puberty? This problem could not be solved within the framework of the seduction theory because the sexuality of childhood was essential to this theory...

Cardiac neurosis is defined as heart complaints for which no organic cause can be found. Other common terms are "cardiac anxiety neurosis", "cardiac anxiety disorder", "cardiac phobia", "functional heart complaints" and "somatoform autonomous functional disorders of the cardiovascular system" (ICD-10). Although cardiac neurosis is rarely diagnosed, it is estimated that approximately 30 bis 40% of patients with cardiovascular disorders are actually suffering from functional complaints. Predisposing to the development of cardiac neurosis are insufficient internalization processes during childhood, leading to an insoluble autonomy dependency conflict...

OBJECTIVE: The author examined Freud's chest pains and arrhythmia beginning in late 1893 according to the new available data and modern psychiatry. METHOD: Published studies and recent findings were reviewed. The major works of Freud were also considered. Among the issues examined are clinical features, comorbidity, boundaries with others disorders. RESULTS: The findings of this review provided support for the dual diagnosis of panic disorder without agoraphobia and nicotine dependence...

In the author's view anxiety is a psychosomatic phenomenon that develops into neurotic anxiety when unconscious psychic components come into play. He regards it as impossible to make a clear-cut distinction between neurotic anxiety and real anxiety given that anxiety neuroses also display an element of historical and continuing actuality and can thus be said to have "real" foundations. In his discussion of treatment techniques, Thomä introduces following Weiss and Sampson the concept of "mastering" to refer to the necessity of understanding the repetitions and transferences of the patient as an attempt to master traumatic situations with the assistance of the analyst...

This article surveys the history of Freud's attitudes and theories about the etiologic role of actual incest and seduction and neurosis. It also surveys the debate in historical writing on that topic, much of which oversimplifies complex and contradictory data. Here is an instance in which history is being written and used as part of current debates and polemics, principally to either monolithically defend or attack Freud. This article argues that Freud's motives for downplaying the etiologic role of seduction in the neuroses were complex, did not involve cowardice, and need to be understood both in terms of internal developments in Freud's thinking as well as in terms of relevant external (for example, historical) factors...

We consider the depth psychologically grounded psychotherapeutic principle as being distinct from the principle of the classical psychoanalysis, on the one hand, and from the interactional principle derived from ego-psychology and ego-pathology on the other. In our attempt to more closely define the depth psychologically grounded principle we started out from the definition of a psychotherapeutic approach named depth psychotherapy in the so-called psychotherapy guidelines and additionally from an attempt at distinguishing this type of psychotherapy psychoanalysis by Loch...

Our field study deals with a cohort investigation and a follow-up study of the age groups 1935, 1945 and 1955. The sample consists of 600 randomly selected Germans living in an industrial city (Mannheim/FRG). 200 subjects of each of the age groups are to be examined personally with regard to ICD diagnoses 300-307 (WHO, 8th rev.); these are: psychoneuroses, personality disorders, sexual deviations, alcohol and drug addiction, functional and other psychosomatic diseases. Preliminary countings from the first research check-up of the sample revealed 26% of cases with a clear predominance of females and statistically significant connections between actual disease and impairing or disturbing influences during early childhood...