Paediatric obesity

BACKGROUND: A significant gap exists in longitudinal evidence on early exposure to artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and weight outcomes for paediatric populations. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between ASB/sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption at 4-5 years and risk of overweight and obesity at 7-8 years. METHODS: Data from a nationally representative cohort (n = 2986) in Scotland were analysed using logistic regression to evaluate the association between exposure to ASBs/SSBs at 4-5 years and risk of overweight and obesity at 7-8 years...

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity is an important part of children's health and social development. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can lead to decreased physical activity and quality of life. This study characterised clinical aspects, physical activity rates, obesity, and screen time in a group of JIA patients. METHODS: Ninety-seven JIA patients in the Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic at Meir Medical Center were evaluated over a 6-month period and compared by statistical methods to 98 age-matched healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: In light of high rates of obesity and weight stigma in youth, the American Academy of Paediatrics recommends that paediatric health care professionals use appropriate, sensitive and non-stigmatizing language in communication about weight with youth. For these efforts to be effective, there is a need to identify weight-based language preferences among youth with overweight and obesity, as research in this area is scarce. OBJECTIVES: The present study provides a systematic assessment of youth perspectives of weight-based language used by providers...

In covariate (sub)models of population pharmacokinetic models, most covariates are normalized to the median value; however, for body weight, normalization to 70 kg or 1 kg is often applied. In this article, we illustrate the impact of normalization weight on the precision of population clearance (CLpop ) parameter estimates. The influence of normalization weight (70, 1 kg or median weight) on the precision of the CLpop estimate, expressed as relative standard error (RSE), was illustrated using data from a pharmacokinetic study in neonates with a median weight of 2...

For some years now, the WHO has recommended less than 10% of energy intake from free sugars. The same document also stresses the need to bring this limit below 5% as soon as possible. These guidelines have been promoted with the aim of reducing the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome. At the same time, the reduction of free sugars in the diet can be part of a strategy to reduce the prevalence of caries, which is known to be an infectious and transmissible multifactorial disease known to be "triggered" by wrong dietary habits...

AIM: We evaluated how effectively the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) identified cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents, compared with the tri-ponderal mass index, percentage of body fat and other obesity indexes. METHODS: Eligible subjects were recruited from three metropolitan regions of China from May 2013 to June 2014. Subjects with at least three of the following abnormalities - hypertension, dyslipidaemia, elevated fasting blood glucose and central obesity - were defined as CMR1 and children with at least two were defined as CMR2...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: To describe the body composition, dietary intake and physical activity and of paediatric, adolescent and young adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and examine the factors that impact body composition after treatment. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 74 subjects who were at least three years post treatment. Measurements included anthropometry, whole body potassium counting, air displacement plethysmography, and three day physical activity and diet diaries...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: Hospitalization for heart failure amongst younger men has increased. The reason for this is unknown but it coincides with the obesity epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between childhood BMI (Body Mass Index) and BMI change during puberty for risk of adult heart failure in men. METHODS: Using the BMI Epidemiology Study (BEST), a population-based study in Gothenburg, Sweden, we collected information on childhood BMI at age 8 years and BMI change during puberty (BMI at age 20 - BMI at 8) for men born 1945-1961, followed until December 2013 (n = 37 670)...

In the 1980s, mouse nuclear transplantation experiments revealed that both male and female parental genomes are required for successful development to term ( McGrath and Solter, 1983; Surani and Barton, 1983). This non-equivalence of parental genomes is because imprinted genes are predominantly expressed from only one parental chromosome. Uniparental inheritance of these genomic regions causes paediatric growth disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes (reviewed in Peters, 2014). More than 100 imprinted genes have now been discovered and the functions of many of these genes have been assessed in murine models...

Sports drinks and caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) are commonly consumed by youth. Both sports drinks and CEDs pose potential risks for the health of children and adolescents and may contribute to obesity. Sports drinks are generally unnecessary for children engaged in routine or play-based physical activity. CEDs may affect children and adolescents more than adults because they weigh less and thus experience greater exposure to stimulant ingredients per kilogram of body weight. Paediatricians need to recognize and educate patients and families on the differences between sport drinks and CEDs...

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are one of the most serious clinical health problems. Until now, the long-term development of children born to mothers after transplantation is unknown. In this study, we attempted to present the analysis of the prevalence of overweight in the population of mothers after kidney or liver transplants. METHODS: A comparison of body mass index (BMI) measurements performed in 61 children of kidney transplant women (study group) and 64 children born to healthy mothers (control group)...

AIMS: To estimate the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in children aged <17 years, compare this with similar data 10 years ago, and characterize clinical features at diagnosis in the UK and Republic of Ireland. METHODS: Using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit reporting framework, cases of Type 2 diabetes diagnosed in children aged <17 years between 1 April 2015 and 30 April 2016 were reported each month. RESULTS: A total of 106 cases were reported, giving a UK incidence of 0...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence and persistence of 19 common paediatric conditions from infancy to 14-15 years. DESIGN: Population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING: Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Parallel cohorts assessed biennially from 2004 to 2014 from ages 0-1 and 4-5 years to 10-11 and 14-15 years, respectively, in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 19 health conditions: 17 parent-reported, 2 (overweight/obesity, obesity) directly assessed...

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction and altered lower limb biomechanics during gait. Few previous studies have explored relationships between childhood obesity measured by body fat and lower limb joint waveform kinematics and kinetics. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the association between body fat and hip, knee and ankle joint angles and moments during gait and in 7 to 11 year-old boys? METHODS: Fifty-five boys participated in the study...

Study Objective: To assess the prospective relationship between sleep and obesity in a paediatric population. Methods: We performed a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane (up to 25th September 2017). Included studies were prospective, had follow-up >1 year, had duration of sleep at baseline, and measures of incidence of overweight or obesity and/or changes in body mass index (BMI) z-score and BMI during follow-up. We extracted relative risks or changes in BMI z-score or BMI and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and pooled them using a random effect model...

Children of Armed Forces personnel constitute 33% of the clientele dependant on our healthcare. Various child health indicators and immunization coverage of Indian Armed Forces children is better than the national figures. With improved patient care, it has been observed that the morbidity and mortality pattern of diseases affecting the children of Armed Forces personnel has shown a change from infectious diseases in the past to more of chronic complex disorders at present. Hospital admissions of children in military hospitals due to nutritional and infectious diseases have reduced and constitute only around 21% of all paediatric hospital admissions...

AIM: To describe factors associated with transfer from paediatric to adult care and poor glycaemic control among young adults with Type 2 diabetes, using the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. METHODS: Young adults with Type 2 diabetes were included if they had a baseline SEARCH visit while in paediatric care at < 18 years and ≥ 1 follow-up SEARCH visit at 18-25 years. At each visit, HbA1c , BMI, self-reported demographic and healthcare provider data were collected...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.