Tor

Steroid myopathy is a clinically challenging condition exacerbated by prolonged corticosteroid use or adrenal tumors. In this study, we engineered a functional three-dimensional (3D) in vitro skeletal muscle model to investigate steroid myopathy. By subjecting our bioengineered muscle tissues to dexamethasone treatment, we reproduced the molecular and functional aspects of this disease. Dexamethasone caused a substantial reduction in muscle force, myotube diameter and induced fatigue. We observed nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system within our model, suggesting their coordinated role in muscle atrophy...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced small-intestinal injury is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our previous study and other papers have shown that HIF-1α has a protective effect on intestinal mucosal injury in septic rats. The purpose of this study is to further verify the protective effect of HIF-1α on intestinal mucosa and its molecular mechanism in vitro experiments. METHODS: Caco-2 cells were selected and experiment was divided into 2 parts...

OBJECTIVE: Emerging research suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This prospective pilot study evaluates changes in intestinal microbial composition in patients with RA initiating treatment with either methotrexate (MTX) or a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). METHODS: Consecutive patients, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for RA, who started treatment with either MTX or TNFi delivered a stool sample upon initiation of immunosuppression and 3 months later...

Upon activation, T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet the bioenergetic demands of clonal expansion and effector function. Because dysregulated T cell cytokine production and metabolic phenotypes coexist in chronic inflammatory disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines released by differentiating T cells amplified their metabolic changes. We found that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by human naïve CD4+ T cells upon activation stimulated the expression of a metabolic transcriptome and increased glycolysis, amino acid uptake, mitochondrial oxidation of glutamine, and mitochondrial biogenesis...

Full understanding of proteostasis and energy utilization in cells will require knowledge of the fraction of cell proteins being degraded with different half-lives and their rates of synthesis. We therefore developed a method to determine such information that combines mathematical analysis of protein degradation kinetics obtained in pulse-chase experiments with Bayesian data fitting using the maximum entropy principle. This approach will enable rapid analyses of whole-cell protein dynamics in different cell types, physiological states, and neurodegenerative disease...

OBJECTIVE: The modified frailty index (mFI-5) is a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-derived 5-factor index that has been proven to reflect frailty and predict morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that mFI-5 is a valid predictive measure in the transoral robotic surgery (TORS) population. METHODS: Retrospective study utilizing the TriNetX US-collaborative health records network querying for TORS patients. Cohorts were stratified by mFI-5 score which uses five ICD-10 codes: nonindependent functional status, hypertension, obstructive respiratory disease, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The high-protein diet (HPD) has emerged as a potent dietary approach to curb obesity. Peroxisome, a highly malleable organelle, adapts to nutritional changes to maintain homeostasis by remodeling its structure, composition, and quantity. However, the impact of HPD on peroxisomes and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, we discovered that HPD specifically increases peroxisome levels within the adipose tissues. This HPD-induced peroxisome elevation is attributed to cysteine and methionine by triggering the expression of CG33474, a fly homolog of mammalian PEX11G...

This study explored the impacts of supplementation of different levels of coated methionine (Met) in a high-plant protein diet on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes activity and expression of genes related to TOR signaling pathway in gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibeilo). A high-plant protein diet was formulated and used as a basal diet and supplemented with five different levels of coated Met at 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75%, corresponding to final analyzed Met levels of 0...

PURPOSE: To compare intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction accuracy of the Eyestar 900 (EyeS900) and the IOLMaster 700 (IOLM700) based on estimated and measured posterior corneal power DESIGN: Retrospective, inter-instrument reliability study METHODS: Setting: Institutional. PARTICIPANTS: 225 eyes of 225 cataract surgery patients. MEASUREMENTS: Patients underwent measurements by both devices preoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spherical Equivalent Prediction Error (SEQ-PE), spread of the SEQ-PE (Precision) and the absolute SEQ-PE (accuracy) of each device using Barrett Universal II (BUII) formula with either estimated posterior keratometry (E-PK) or measured posterior keratometry (M-PK)...

OBJECTIVE: First bite syndrome (FBS) is a rare complication of transoral surgery (TOS) for oropharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [OPSCC]). Risk factors for developing this complication are not well described. In this study, we attempt to identify risks for developing FBS in TOS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. METHODS: This study was exempted by the Mayo Clinic institutional review board...

Plant growth depends on sugar production and export by photosynthesising source leaves and sugar allocation and import by sink tissues (grains, roots, stems, young leaves). Photosynthesis and sink demand are tightly coordinated through metabolic (substrate, allosteric) feedback and signalling (sugar, hormones) mechanisms. Sugar signalling integrates sugar production with plant development and environmental cues. In C3 plants (e.g., wheat, rice), it is well documented that sugar accumulation in source leaves, due to source-sink imbalance, negatively feedbacks on photosynthesis and plant productivity...

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia represents the disorder as an expression of an alteration during the brain development process early in life. Neurodevelopmental variables could become a trait marker, and the study of these variables in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) could identify a specific cluster of patients who later developed psychosis. The aim of this study is to describe clinical and neurodevelopment predictors of transition to psychosis in child and adolescent participants at CHR...

Torsades de pointes (TdP) is a type of ventricular arrhythmia that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Drug-induced TdP has been an important concern for researchers and international regulatory boards. The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative was proposed that integrates in vitro testing and computational models of cardiac ion channels and human cardiomyocyte cells to evaluate the proarrhythmic risk of drugs. The TdP risk classification performance using only a single TdP metric may require some improvements because of information limitations and the instability of generalizing results...

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are the most costly and prevalent psychiatric conditions. Recent calls emphasize a need for biomarkers-measurable, stable indicators of normal and abnormal processes and response to treatment or environmental agents-and, in particular, brain-based neuromarkers that will advance understanding of the neurobiological basis of SUDs and clinical practice. To develop neuromarkers, researchers must be grounded in evidence that a putative marker (i) is sensitive and specific to the psychological phenomenon of interest, (ii) constitutes a predictive model, and (iii) generalizes to novel observations (e...

INTRODUCTION: Neck mass is the most common presentation of human papillomavirus-related (HPV-related) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Recently, circulating tumor HPV-DNA (ctHPVDNA) assays have been developed to detect active OPSCC. This pilot study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of ctHPVDNA in establishing HPV status for known vs. unknown OPSCC presenting as a neck mass. METHODS: A single-institution pilot study was conducted on all patients with OPSCC presenting as a neck mass between 2021 and 2022...

BACKGROUND: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to an increase in randomized controlled trials exploring various first-line combination treatment regimens. With the introduction of new PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, there are now more clinical options available. For the first time, the AK105 monoclonal antibody Penpulimab, developed in China, was included. The AK105-302 Phase III trial studied the efficacy and safety of Penpulimab combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC...

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, robotic surgery finds application in the field of head and neck in the treatment of oropharyngeal tumors. The aim of this work is to examine the efficacy of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in performing safe oncological resections of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), with particular attention to the status of margins. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Literature search of English-language studies focused on TORS through PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases...

Yeast is an excellent model organism for research for regulating aging and lifespan, and the studies have made many contributions to date, including identifying various factors and signaling pathways related to aging and lifespan. More than 20 years have passed since molecular biological perspectives are adopted in this research field, and intracellular factors and signal pathways that control aging and lifespan have evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Furthermore, these findings have been applied to control the aging and lifespan of various model organisms by adjustment of the nutritional environment, genetic manipulation, and drug treatment using low-molecular weight compounds...

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely used in various industries, including pesticide production, electroplating, packaging, paper making, and the manufacturing of water-resistant clothes. This study investigates the levels of PFAS in fish tissues collected from four target waterways (15 sampling points) in the northwestern part of Illinois during 2021-2022. To assess accumulation, concentrations of 17 PFAS compounds were evaluated in nine fish species to potentially inform on exposure risks to local sport fishing population via fish consumption...