family medicine and public health

BACKGROUND: Family reconstitution and data from online genealogies, such as FamiLinx, are two potential sources for investigating mortality dynamics for the period before official lifetables became available. In this paper, we use two of them, the family reconstitution of Imhof and the FamiLinx dataset based on geni.com, to estimate dynamics in life expectancy and discuss the sex-specific differential mortality in the German Empire. METHOD: Sex-specific lifetables are estimated for the territory of the German Empire from the individual data of the family reconstitution and the online genealogies...

INTRODUCTION: Early detection may lead to reduced morbidity and mortality from melanoma. This study aims to establish guidelines for selecting patients suitable for digital monitoring of skin lesions. METHODS: A literature review was conducted, followed by consensus among experts appointed by the Israeli Dermatology Association. RESULTS: Two effective methods for early melanoma diagnosis were identified: Total-body photography (TBP) and digital dermoscopy...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases due to arteriosclerosis are the most common causes of death and disability in both men and women. Hypercholesterolemia, a treatable risk factor, is often detected after a delay in women, and then inadequately treated. It is, therefore, important to know the sex-specific aspects of cholesterol metabolism and to address them specifically. METHODS: We conducted a selective literature search in PubMed with particular attention to current guidelines...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the needs, motivations, and limitations related to healthy eating and digital materials, as well as to identify patterns for their design as a strategy aimed at Mexican families. DESIGN: A qualitative observational study of the phenomenon through focus group sessions. LOCATION: A public primary education center in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 9 to 11 years and parents, mothers, or caregivers with children in primary education...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore how Russian society perceives children with cancer and their families to determine its potential as a tool for solving the social struggles of cancer-affected youth. METHODS: The study took place between 2019 and 2020 and involved 237 parents of cancer-affected children enrolled for inpatient treatment in 5 pediatric oncology clinics in the North Caucasus Federal District (Russia). The study exploits a specially designed questionnaire survey as its main research method...

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'IV: perspectives on practice-lenses of appreciation', authors address the following themes: 'Relational connections in the doctor-patient partnership', 'Feminism and family medicine', 'Positive family medicine', 'Mindful practice', 'The new, old ethics of family medicine', 'Public health, prevention and populations', 'Information mastery in family medicine' and 'Clinical courage...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and related factors of diagnosed osteoarthrosis (DO) and undiagnosed osteoarthrosis (UO) in the general Spanish adult population. SETTING: Cross-sectional study with data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. PARTICIPANTS: N=23,089 adults. Three groups of people were defined: DO, UO, and no osteoarthrosis (NO). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic information, lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index) and health factors (intensity of pain, pain drug consumption, mental health, self-perceived health status, pain involvement in daily living) were collected...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitutes a significant public health challenge, with delayed diagnosis and underdiagnosis being pervasive issues. The United States Preventive Service Task Force recommends restricting COPD screening to symptomatic smokers, a focus that has exhibited limitations, leading to delayed diagnoses, and imposing a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. This paper explores an alternative approach, highlighting the potential utility of the COPD assessment test (CAT) score as a prescreening tool...

BACKGROUND: The Ohio Cardiovascular and Diabetes Health Collaborative (Cardi-OH) unites general and subspecialty medical staff at the 7 medical schools in Ohio with community and public health partnerships to improve cardiovascular and diabetes health outcomes and eliminate disparities in Ohio's Medicaid population. Although statewide collaboratives exist to address health improvements, few deploy needs assessments to inform their work. OBJECTIVE: Cardi-OH conducts an annual needs assessment to identify high-priority clinical topics, screening practices, policy changes for home monitoring devices and referrals, and preferences for the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based best practices...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In the last 20 years, hypertension has become more common among younger age groups. Based on a global meta-analysis, the combined prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 4.0% and 9.7%, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among university students and their associated risk factors. METHODS: Four hundred and eleven students aged between 18 and 25 (196 males and 215 females) were randomly selected to participate from the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS) and the College of Business Administration, Bahrain...

INTRODUCTION: The partition of India on the dissolution of British Raj into two dominions is known to have been violent, polarizing and caused large-scale loss of life (about two million) and an unprecedented migration of 14 million people between the two dominions, India and Pakistan. It is not known how well the then scientific community covered this man-made disaster, and the response of the international community with aid. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review was conducted using different electronic databases of PubMed, Econlit, United Nations resolutions, Government of India websites, and Google Scholar for the period January 1947 to December 1951 on the impact of the partition of the Indian sub-continent, and to identify the international response toward this humanitarian crisis...

INTRODUCTION: The utilization of the maternal and newborn health services has increased, but mere increase in utilization of services does not ensure that quality services are being provided. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of maternal and newborn services and their impact on maternal and neonatal outcome at a primary health center of Western Rajasthan in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exploratory study was undertaken at a conveniently selected primary health center providing 24-hour delivery services...

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is one of the most significant public health concerns globally as it is a risk factor for chronic illnesses. GATS-2 concluded that 28.6% of all adults currently use Tobacco in India and 17.8% in Delhi. It is important to conduct such surveys in local areas to make specific and effective action plans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study conducted between January 2020-June 2021 in Aliganj, an urbanized village in South Delhi...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been ascertained useful in the analysis and description of infectious areas in radiological images promptly. Our aim in this study was to design a web-based application for detecting and labeling infected tissues on CT (computed tomography) lung images of patients based on the deep learning (DL) method as a type of AI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The U-Net architecture, one of the DL networks, is used as a hybrid model with pre-trained densely connected convolutional network 121 (DenseNet121) architecture for the segmentation process...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing people's knowledge and then changing their attitude and practice with the aim of taking care of their eye health are very important. Considering the importance of the mentioned topic, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice about eye diseases in the general population of the world in the form of a systematic literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a systematic literature review study, and to do it, a systematic search was conducted in internationally available databases including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar in the time range of 1998 to 2023...

BACKGROUND: Anemia among adolescent girls is a worldwide public health problem. Although anemia has several causes, the most common and significant is iron deficiency. Treatment of anemia with iron alone may result in reduced compliance on account of adverse effects. Various studies have revealed that use of vitamin C in addition to iron improves its absorption and reduces the ill effects of the therapy. However, a concrete evidence of adding vitamin C to iron for treating iron deficiency anemia is lacking...

CONTEXT: Adolescent suicides are a significant public health concern in India and understanding the intersecting perspectives becomes imperative for the prevention of various mental health concerns. AIM: Assessing perceptions of various key stakeholders, that is, mental health experts, school and college teachers, and District Mental Health Program staff about peer-led strength building programs for suicide prevention. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional qualitative design using two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with mental health experts and teachers and one FGD with DMHP staff was conducted...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The 21st century has witnessed a surge in global internet usage, particularly in developing nations like India. Internet addiction, also known as pathological internet use (PIU) or internet addiction (IA), has emerged as a mental health concern, especially among university students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IA among MBBS students in a medical college in Delhi, India, and explore the association of IA with sociodemographic and internet usage patterns...

BACKGROUND: Cancer treatments have many adverse effects on patient's health leading to poor cardiorespiratory capacity, muscular- degeneration, fatigue, loss of strength and physical function, altered body-composition, compromised immune-function, peripheral neuropathy, and reduced quality of life (QOL). Exercise programs can significantly increase functional capacity when tailored to individual needs, thus improving health. Exercise interventions in cancer rehabilitation, when supported by appropriate nutrition can be effective in attaining a healthy weight and body-composition...

Understanding the impact of family planning policy and actions is essential for building effective strategies to increase contraceptive use. This study identifies policies that correlate with modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) and private-sector contraceptive method mix strategies (the number of contraceptive methods offered in the private sector) in low-income and middle-income countries. While education, contraceptive choices, and economic growth are known determinants of contraceptive prevalence, many national policies intended to increase contraceptive prevalence in the short term to medium term have ambiguous evidence that they indeed do so...