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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexina Whitley, Graham Naylor, Lauren V Hadley
PURPOSE: Almost 40 years after its development, in this article, we reexamine the relevance and validity of the ubiquitously used Revised Speech Perception in Noise (R-SPiN) sentence corpus. The R-SPiN corpus includes "high-context" and "low-context" sentences and has been widely used in the field of hearing research to examine the benefit derived from semantic context across English-speaking listeners, but research investigating age differences has yielded somewhat inconsistent findings...
April 2, 2024: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research: JSLHR
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ziyaad Dangor, Nicole Benson, James A Berkley, Julia Bielicki, Merijn W Bijsma, Jonathan Broad, Ed T Buurman, Alan Cross, Erin M Duffy, Kathryn E Holt, Pui-Ying Iroh Tam, Mark Jit, Konstantinos Karampatsas, Michael Katwere, Gaurav Kwatra, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Kirsty Le Doare, Robert Mboizi, Francesca Micoli, Catrin E Moore, Eve Nakabembe, Nichola R Naylor, Seamus O'Brien, Courtney Olwagen, Denasha Reddy, Charlene Rodrigues, David A Rosen, Manish Sadarangani, Padmini Srikantiah, Sharon M Tennant, Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz, Shabir A Madhi
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes community- and healthcare-associated infections in children and adults. Globally in 2019, an estimated 1.27 million (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 0.91-1.71) and 4.95 million (95% UI: 3.62-6.57) deaths were attributed to and associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR), respectively. K. pneumoniae was the second leading pathogen in deaths attributed to AMR resistant bacteria. Furthermore, the rise of antimicrobial resistance in both community- and hospital-acquired infections is a concern for neonates and infants who are at high risk for invasive bacterial disease...
March 18, 2024: Vaccine
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernard X W Liew, Xuqi Zhu, Xiaojun Zhai, Stuart A McErlain-Naylor, Christopher McManus
High amplitudes of shock during running have been thought to be associated with an increased injury risk. This study aimed to quantify the association between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) quantified body composition, and shock attenuation across the time and frequency domains. Twenty-four active adults participated. A DEXA scan was performed to quantify the fat and fat-free mass of the whole-body, trunk, dominant leg, and viscera. Linear accelerations at the tibia, pelvis, and head were collected whilst participants ran on a treadmill at a fixed dimensionless speed 1...
March 2024: Journal of Biomechanics
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kasim Allel, María José Hernández-Leal, Nichola R Naylor, Eduardo A Undurraga, Gerard Joseph Abou Jaoude, Priyanka Bhandari, Ellen Flanagan, Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli, Koen B Pouwels, Laith Yakob
INTRODUCTION: Limited information on costs and the cost-effectiveness of hospital interventions to reduce antibiotic resistance (ABR) hinder efficient resource allocation. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review for studies evaluating the costs and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at reducing, monitoring and controlling ABR in patients. Articles published until 12 December 2023 were explored using EconLit, EMBASE and PubMed...
February 29, 2024: BMJ Global Health
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REVIEW
Sarah L Thompson, Carly Brade, Sarah R Henley-Martin, Louise H Naylor, Angela L Spence
Biological sex is a salient factor in exercise-induced vascular adaptation. While a male bias is apparent in the literature, the methodological quality of available studies in females is not yet known. This systematic review with narrative synthesis aimed to assess available evidence of exercise interventions on endothelial function, measured using flow-mediated dilation, in otherwise healthy individuals and athletes. A standardized audit framework was applied to quantify the representation of female participants...
February 23, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
M J McPhee, C Edwards, S Harden, T Naylor, F A Phillips, C Guppy, R S Hegarty
Globally, there is a focus on reducing the absolute methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide emissions, and the emissions intensity (EI, kg CO2 e/kg animal product) of livestock production. Increasing the productivity of mixed pasture systems has the potential to increase food (e.g., lamb) and textile fibre (e.g., wool) production while reducing the EI of those products from grazing livestock. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and EI between sheep on Low (i...
January 26, 2024: Animal
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas S Reed, Lisa Gravens-Mueller, Alison R Huang, Adele M Goman, Christine M Mitchell, Michelle L Arnold, Spencer Bolton, Sheila Burgard, Theresa H Chisolm, David Couper, Jennifer A Deal, Joshua Evans, Sarah Faucette, Nancy W Glynn, Theresa Gmelin, Kathleen M Hayden, Elizabeth Miller, Melissa Minotti, Thomas Mosley, Stacee Naylor, James S Pankow, James Russell Pike, Victoria A Sanchez, Jennifer A Schrack, Josef Coresh, Frank R Lin
INTRODUCTION: Hearing loss is highly prevalent among older adults and independently associated with cognitive decline. The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) study is a multicenter randomized control trial (partially nested within the infrastructure of an observational cohort study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [ARIC] study) to determine the efficacy of best-practice hearing treatment to reduce cognitive decline over 3 years. The goal of this paper is to describe the recruitment process and baseline results...
2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin R Rarick, Keguo Li, Ru-Jeng Teng, Xigang Jing, Dustin P Martin, Hao Xu, Deron W Jones, Neil Hogg, Cheryl A Hillery, Guilherme Garcia, Billy W Day, Stephen Naylor, Kirkwood A Pritchard
Murine sickle cell disease (SCD) results in damage to multiple organs, likely mediated first by vasculopathy. While the mechanisms inducing vascular damage remain to be determined, nitric oxide bioavailability and sterile inflammation are both considered to play major roles in vasculopathy. Here, we investigate the effects of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule on endothelial-dependent vasodilation and lung morphometrics, a structural index of damage in sickle (SS) mice...
February 7, 2024: Free Radical Biology & Medicine
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allyson J Evans, Emily R Naylor, Nathan K Lujan, Sandy M Kawano, L Patricia Hernandez
Premaxillary protrusion and the performance advantages it confers are implicated in the success of diverse lineages of teleost fishes, such as Cypriniformes and Acanthomorpha. Although premaxillary protrusion has evolved independently at least five times within bony fishes, much of the functional work investigating this kinesis relates to mechanisms found only in these two clades. Few studies have characterized feeding mechanisms in less-diverse premaxilla-protruding lineages and fewer yet have investigated the distinctive anatomy underlying jaw kinesis in these lineages...
February 3, 2024: Journal of Anatomy
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie Evans, Nichola R Naylor, Tom Fowler, Susan Hopkins, Julie Robotham
BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing of hospitalised patients began in April-2020, with twice weekly healthcare worker (HCW) testing introduced in November-2020. Guidance recommending asymptomatic testing was withdrawn in August-2022. Assessing the impact of this decision from data alone is challenging due to concurrent changes in infection prevention and control practices, community transmission rates, and a reduction in ascertainment rate from reduced testing. Computational modelling is an effective tool for estimating the impact of this change...
January 8, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
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REVIEW
Rhys Kingston, Venanzio Vella, Koen B Pouwels, Johannes E Schmidt, Radwa A Abdelatif El-Abasiri, Eduardo Reyna-Villasmil, Nasreen Hassoun-Kheir, Stephan Harbarth, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Evelina Tacconelli, Fabiana Arieti, Beryl Primrose Gladstone, Marlieke E A de Kraker, Nichola R Naylor, Julie V Robotham
BACKGROUND: Quantifying the resource use and cost of antimicrobial resistance establishes the magnitude of the problem and drives action. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of resource use and cost associated with infections with six key drug-resistant pathogens in Europe. METHODS: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE® (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Econlit databases, and grey literature for the period 1st January 1990 to 21st June 2022...
December 19, 2023: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eve T Emes, Jeff Waage, Gwenan M Knight, Nichola R Naylor
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a global priority for human health, and reducing antimicrobial use in food animals has been suggested as a key area for interventions aiming to reduce resistant infections in humans. In addition to the effect on human health, such interventions may have effects across food animal productivity, healthcare sector costs, and the broader macroeconomy, but these effects are rarely captured in the AMR health economic literature. Without being able to estimate these effects, it is difficult to understand the true cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship interventions in food animal production, or to correctly design and prioritise such interventions...
December 2023: One Health
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alistair Stewart McLaren, Johannes A Spoor, Douglas Cartwright, Gregory Naylor, Stephen Barclay, Matthew Priest, Srikanth Puttagunta, Kirsty Armstrong, Stuart Ballantyne, Adrian Stanley, Thomas R Jeffry Evans
OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic had an undoubted impact on the provision of elective and emergency cancer care, including the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with HCC in the West of Scotland. DESIGN: This was a retrospective audit of a prospectively collated database of patients presented to the West of Scotland Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) between April and October 2020 (during the pandemic), comparing baseline demographics, characteristics of disease at presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment and outcomes with patients from April to October 2019 (pre pandemic)...
November 2023: BMJ Open Gastroenterology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
David B Freeman, Tamara D Hopkins, Peter J Mikochik, Joseph P Vacca, Hua Gao, Adel Naylor-Olsen, Sonali Rudra, Huixu Li, Marius S Pop, Rosa A Villagomez, Christina Lee, Heng Li, Minyun Zhou, Douglas C Saffran, Nathalie Rioux, Tressa R Hood, Melinda A L Day, Michael R McKeown, Charles Y Lin, Norbert Bischofberger, B Wesley Trotter
Transcriptional deregulation is a hallmark of many cancers and is exemplified by genomic amplifications of the MYC family of oncogenes, which occur in at least 20% of all solid tumors in adults. Targeting of transcriptional cofactors and the transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK9) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to interdict deregulated transcriptional activity including oncogenic MYC. Here, we report the structural optimization of a small molecule microarray hit, prioritizing maintenance of CDK9 selectivity while improving on-target potency and overall physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties...
November 15, 2023: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashley T Sendell-Price, Frank J Tulenko, Mats Pettersson, Du Kang, Margo Montandon, Sylke Winkler, Kathleen Kulb, Gavin P Naylor, Adam Phillippy, Olivier Fedrigo, Jacquelyn Mountcastle, Jennifer R Balacco, Amalia Dutra, Rebecca E Dale, Bettina Haase, Erich D Jarvis, Gene Myers, Shawn M Burgess, Peter D Currie, Leif Andersson, Manfred Schartl
Sharks occupy diverse ecological niches and play critical roles in marine ecosystems, often acting as apex predators. They are considered a slow-evolving lineage and have been suggested to exhibit exceptionally low cancer rates. These two features could be explained by a low nuclear mutation rate. Here, we provide a direct estimate of the nuclear mutation rate in the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). We generate a high-quality reference genome, and resequence the whole genomes of parents and nine offspring to detect de novo mutations...
October 19, 2023: Nature Communications
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luca Saba, Riccardo Cau, Alessandro Murgia, Andrew N Nicolaides, Max Wintermark, Mauricio Castillo, Daniel Staub, Stavros K Kakkos, Qi Yang, Kosmas I Paraskevas, Chun Yuan, Myriam Edjlali, Roberto Sanfilippo, Jeroen Hendrikse, Elias Johansson, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Niranjan Balu, Martin Dichgans, David Saloner, Daniel Bos, H Rolf Jager, Ross Naylor, Gavino Faa, Jasjit S Suri, Justin Costello, Dorothee P Auer, J Scott Mcnally, Leo H Bonati, Valentina Nardi, Aad van der Lugt, Maura Griffin, Bruce A Wasserman, M Eline Kooi, Jonathan Gillard, Giuseppe Lanzino, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Daniel M Mandell, John C Benson, Dianne H K van Dam-Nolen, Anna Kopczak, Jae W Song, Ajay Gupta, J Kevin DeMarco, Seemant Chaturvedi, Renu Virmani, Thomas S Hatsukami, Martin Brown, Alan R Moody, Peter Libby, Andreas Schindler, Tobias Saam
BACKGROUND: Carotid artery atherosclerosis is highly prevalent in the general population and is a well-established risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. Although the morphological characteristics of vulnerable plaques are well recognized, there is a lack of consensus in reporting and interpreting carotid plaque features. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to establish a consistent and comprehensive approach for imaging and reporting carotid plaque by introducing the Plaque-RADS (Reporting and Data System) score...
January 2024: JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James R Janopaul-Naylor, Andee Koo, David C Qian, Neal S McCall, Yuan Liu, Sagar A Patel
OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are a new, publicly available tool for patients to access health care-related information with unknown reliability related to cancer-related questions. This study assesses the quality of responses to common questions for patients with cancer. METHODS: From February to March 2023, we queried chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) from OpenAI and Bing AI from Microsoft questions from the American Cancer Society's recommended "Questions to Ask About Your Cancer" customized for all stages of breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancer...
October 12, 2023: American Journal of Clinical Oncology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah K Wideman, Joe N Frost, Felix C Richter, Caitlin Naylor, José M Lopes, Nicole Viveiros, Megan R Teh, Alexandra E Preston, Natasha White, Shamsideen Yusuf, Simon J Draper, Andrew E Armitage, Tiago L Duarte, Hal Drakesmith
Malaria and iron deficiency are major global health problems with extensive epidemiological overlap. Iron deficiency-induced anaemia can protect the host from malaria by limiting parasite growth. On the other hand, iron deficiency can significantly disrupt immune cell function. However, the impact of host cell iron scarcity beyond anaemia remains elusive in malaria. To address this, we employed a transgenic mouse model carrying a mutation in the transferrin receptor (TfrcY20H/Y20H), which limits the ability of cells to internalise iron from plasma...
October 9, 2023: PLoS Pathogens
#19
REVIEW
Nasreen Hassoun-Kheir, Mariana Guedes, Marie-Therese Ngo Nsoga, Lorenzo Argante, Fabiana Arieti, Beryl P Gladstone, Rhys Kingston, Nichola R Naylor, Maria D Pezzani, Koen B Pouwels, Julie V Robotham, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Evelina Tacconelli, Venanzio Vella, Stephan Harbarth, Marlieke E A de Kraker
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, which requires novel intervention strategies, for which priority pathogens and settings need to be determined. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated pathogen-specific excess health burden of drug-resistant bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Europe. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and grey literature for the period January 1990 to May 2022...
October 4, 2023: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naba Ali, Tanvi A Dhere, James E Bates, Joshua W Lorenz, James R Janopaul-Naylor, Ashley J Schlafstein, Pretesh R Patel, Jolinta Y Lin
BACKGROUND: Early exposure to oncology care during the pre-clinical years of medical school may translate to increased student interest in oncology-related fields and improved understanding of oncologic treatment modalities, including radiation oncology. Many schools incorporate problem-based learning (PBL) into the medical school curriculum; this is an opportunity to immerse students in oncologic case management. We describe the effective incorporation of one course into the medical school curriculum that may be replicated at other institutions...
September 6, 2023: Practical Radiation Oncology
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