dental fusion

Teeth exemplify architectures comprising an interplay of inorganic and organic constituents, resulting in sophisticated natural composites. Rodents (Rodentia) showcase extraordinary adaptations, with their continuously growing incisors surpassing human teeth in functional and structural optimizations. In this study, employing state-of-the-art direct atomic-scale imaging and nanoscale spectroscopies, we present compelling evidence that the release of material from ameloblasts and the subsequent formation of iron-rich enamel and surface layers in the constantly growing incisors of rodents are complex orchestrated processes, intricately regulated and independent of environmental factors...

A new Mg-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy in a powder state, intended to be used for custom shaped implants, was obtained via a mechanical alloying method from pure elemental powder. Further, the obtained powder alloy was processed by a PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion with laser beam/of metal) procedure to obtain additive manufactured samples for small biodegradable implants. A series of microstructural, mechanical and corrosion analyses were performed. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the powder alloy revealed a good dimensional homogeneity, with a uniform colour, no agglutination and almost rounded particles, suitable for the powder bed fusion procedure...

Austenitic stainless steels are very popular due to their high strength properties, ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and work hardening. This paper presents the test results for joining AISI 316Ti austenitic steel. The technologies used for joining were the most popular welding techniques such as TIG (welding with a non-consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases), MIG (welding with a consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases) as well as high-energy EBW welding (Electron Beam Welding) and plasma PAW (plasma welding)...

Compared to sensible heat storage, latent heat storage provides higher energy density due to the enthalpy difference of the storage medium undergoing a phase change. However, the heat storage capability of phase change materials is opposed by low thermal conductivity. To enable sufficient heat transfer within a latent heat storage unit, phase change materials can be used in combination with a metallic matrix. One approach is the infiltration of phase change materials into additively manufactured metallic lattice structures...

This study provides a methodology for exploring the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Haynes® 282® alloy produced via the Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB) process. Employing 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data, we have successfully generated 3D representations of columnar microstructures using the Representative Volume Element (RVE) method. This methodology allowed for the validation of elastic properties through Crystal Elasticity Finite Element (CEFE) computational homogenization, revealing critical insights into the material behavior...

Powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB), a prevalent and rapidly advancing additive manufacturing (AM) technology nowadays, serves the industry by producing thin, complex, and lightweight components for various sectors, including healthcare, automotive, defence, and aerospace. However, this technology encounters challenges related to the construction of critical parts and the high overall process costs. Equally significant is the role of support structures in metal laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M). The absence of supports can lead to defective and collapsed parts, while the incorrect selection of a support type or the addition of unnecessary supports results in increased material usage and additional post-processing efforts...

In the process of the ultrasonic-assisted arc welding of metal materials, traditional ultrasonic application methods, such as the low-frequency impact of ultrasonic horns on a base material, can easily cause the non-fusion defect. In order to solve this problem, a rotating sonotrode with a groove and double thin ends was designed in this study. The ultrasonic vibration is transmitted into the weld pool by the rolling of the sonotrode on both sides of the weld. The resonant frequency was set at 50 kHz. Firstly, based on the Mindlin theory, a rotating sonotrode without a groove was designed by solving the frequency equation and by conducting a finite element simulation...

Shielding gas, metal vapors, and gases trapped inside powders during atomization can result in gas porosity, which is known to degrade the fatigue strength and tensile properties of components made by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Post-processing and trial-and-error adjustment of processing conditions to reduce porosity are time-consuming and expensive. Here, we combined mechanistic modeling and experimental data analysis and proposed an easy-to-use, verifiable, dimensionless gas porosity index to mitigate pore formation...

The article presents the results of phase transition studies in which the following substances and their mixtures were tested: 100% palm oil, 100% paraffin, 100% hydrogenated palm oil, 50% palm oil + 50% paraffin, 50% hydrogenated palm oil + 50% palm oil, 33% hydrogenated palm oil + 33% palm oil + 33% soft paraffin, 20% hydrogenated palm oil + 30% palm oil + 50% soft paraffin, 50% hydrogenated palm oil + 50% palm oil + copper, and 50% hydrogenated palm oil + 50% palm oil + iron. The measurements were carried out on a station for testing phase-change materials (PCMs) designed specifically for the analysis of phase changes...

In this study, a set of 316 L stainless steel test specimens was additively manufactured by laser-based Powder Bed Fusion. The process parameters were varied for each specimen in terms of laser scan speed and laser power. The objective was to use a narrow band of parameters well inside the process window, demonstrating detailed parameter engineering for specialized additive manufacturing cases. The process variation was monitored using Optical Tomography to capture light emissions from the layer surfaces. Process emission values were stored in a statistical form...

Additive manufacturing (AM) also commonly known as 3D printing is an advanced technique for manufacturing complex three-dimensional (3D) parts by depositing raw material layer by layer. Various sub-categories of additive manufacturing exist including directed energy deposition (DED), powder bed fusion (PBF), and fused deposition modeling (FDM). FDM has gained widespread adoption as a popular method for manufacturing 3D parts, even for heavy-duty industrial applications. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding part quality...

Precision manufacturing requirements are the key to ensuring the quality and reliability of biomedical implants. The powder bed fusion (PBF) technique offers a promising solution, enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific implants with a high degree of precision. This technology is revolutionizing the biomedical industry, paving the way for a new era of personalized medicine. This review explores and details powder bed fusion 3D printing and its application in the biomedical field. It begins with an introduction to the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology and its various classifications...

(TiH2 + ScH3 )/Al-Mg composite powders with different Ti contents were produced by ball milling. These composite powders were fabricated to cube and cuboid shape samples via a laser powder bed fusion process with optimal processing parameters. The TiH2 and ScH3 particles underwent dehydrogenation during the laser powder bed fusion process, and these composite powders ultimately formed Al-Mg-Sc-Ti alloys. The relative density, printability, microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of these alloy samples were investigated...

This research focuses on analysing the 18Ni300 maraging steel produced through laser powder bed fusion. Specifically, it aims to examine the phase components using X-ray diffraction, the microstructure through scanning electron microscopy, and the hardness of the different structures present in the manufactured material. The primary goal is to meticulously analyse the material and its microstructures. By doing so, a correlation between the hardness and each structure type, be it cellular or columnar, can be established...

This research paper aims to explore the mechanical characteristics of polyamide PA12 (PA12) as a 3D material printed utilizing Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and HP MultiJet Fusion (HP MJF) technologies in order to design and manufacture forearm orthoses. The study assessed the flowability of the materials used and compared the mechanical performance of PA12 with each other using tensile, flexure, and impact tests in five different fabrication orientations: X, Y, Z, tilted 45° XZ, and tilted 45° YZ...

Due to the notable disparities in the physical and chemical characteristics between titanium and steel, the direct fusion of titanium/steel bimetallic sheets results in a considerable formation of fragile intermetallic compounds, making it difficult to achieve excellent metallurgical welded joints. In this study, a multi-principal powder of CoCrNiMn was designed and utilized as a filler material in the welding of the TA1/Q345 bimetallic sheet. It was expected that the in situ formation of Fex (CoCrNiMn)Tiy high-entropy alloys would be achieved using the filler powders, combined with the Ti and Fe elements from the melting of the TA1 and Q345 so as to restrain the generation of Fe-Ti IMCs and obtain the promising welded joints of the TA1/Q345 bimetallic sheet...

Owing to the high optical reflectivity of copper powder, the high-performance fabrication of copper alloys in the laser additive manufacturing (AM) field is problematic. To tackle this issue, this study employs the remelting process during laser powder bed fusion AM to fabricate defect-free and high-performance CuCrZr alloy. Compared to the non-remelting process, the remelting process yields finer grains, smaller precipitates, denser dislocations, and smaller dislocation cells. It realizes not only the dense molding of high laser reflectivity powders but also excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity (with an ultimate tensile strength of 329 MPa and conductivity of 96% IACS) without post-heat treatment...

The utilization of lithium slag (LS), a solid waste generated during the production of lithium carbonate, poses challenges due to its high sulfur content. This study presents a novel approach to enhancing the value of LS by employing alkali fusion and hydrothermal synthesis techniques to produce zeolite A at low temperatures. The synthesis of high-purity and crystalline lithium-slag-based zeolite A (LSZ) at 60 °C is reported for the first time in this research. The phase, morphology, particle size, and structure of LSZ were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption, and UV Raman spectroscopy, respectively...

Precise reproduction of the preoperatively designed 3-dimensional (3D) implant position is key to seating a prefabricated restoration and restoring esthetics. Static and dynamic computer-aided implant surgery (CAIS) based on the fusion of 3D imaging files have been used to improve implant accuracy. However, both techniques have shortcomings that can be remedied by a robotic system. This clinical report describes the immediate placement of an implant in the anterior esthetic zone by using an autonomous dental implant robotic system (ADIR)...

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between dual cure and light cure resin cements in root surface indirect restorations. Materials and methods Ten recently extracted human teeth were selected. Cylindrical blocks of resin were prepared and bonded near the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) of the prepared teeth to mimic the restoration at the root surface. The samples were randomly luted to the root surface using the light cure (Calibra Veneer, Dentsply Sirona, India) and dual cure (Fusion Ultra D/C, DenPro, USA) forming two groups...