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BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated (WD) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of rare neoplasms with limited therapeutic options. Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases with a pivotal role in NET pathogenesis, including c-MET and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2). LOLA is the first prospective phase II trial aiming to assess the safety and activity of cabozantinib combined with lanreotide in WD NETs of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP), thoracic and of unknown origin...

DESCRIPTION: Since the early 2000s, there has been a rapid decline in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, due in large part to screening and removal of precancerous polyps. Despite these improvements, CRC remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, with approximately 53,000 deaths projected in 2023. The aim of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update Expert Review was to describe how individuals should be risk-stratified for CRC screening and post-polypectomy surveillance and to highlight opportunities for future research to fill gaps in the existing literature...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pien-Tze-Huang (PZH) is a well-established Traditional Medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aim to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota. METHODS: CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) treatment or in Apcmin/+ mice, treated with or without PZH (270 and 540mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)...

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of different exercise protocols on physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition), quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and sleep quality in patients with different types of cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHOD: A comprehensive search of existing literature was carried out using four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (published until October 19, 2022)...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggested that MPTP could cause gastrointestinal motility deficits additionally to its nonconclusive and controverted effects on the CNS (behavior and brain oxidative stress) in rats. A possible interaction between MPTP typical impairments and magnesium modulatory potential was previously suggested, as magnesium role was described in neuroprotection, gastrointestinal function, and oxidative stress. AIM: To investigate the possible modulatory effect of several magnesium intake formulations ( via drinking water) in MPTP neurotoxicity and functional gastrointestinal impairment induction...

BACKGROUND: The inclusion of alternative ingredients in poultry feed is foreseen to impact poultry gut microbiota. New feeding strategies (probiotics/prebiotics) must be adopted to allow sustainable productions. Therefore, the current study aimed to use metagenomics approaches to determine how dietary inclusion of prebiotic (inulin) plus a multi-strain probiotic mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus affected microbiota composition and functions of the gastro-intestinal tract of the broilers during production...

BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel in combination with ramucirumab is the standard of care second-line therapy in gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). As the number of taxane pretreated patients in the perioperative or first-line setting is increasing, it is unknown whether these patients benefit from re-applying a taxane in using the combination of paclitaxel and ramucirumab. Furthermore, the rates of neurotoxicity with first-line FOLFOX or FLOT range from 30%-70%, making second-line taxane-containing therapy less suitable to a meaningful portion of patients...

Reflux asthma is an entity characterised by typical symptoms and in some cases is 'silent' and is more dangerous when associated with obesity and sleep apnoea syndrome. Its prevalence in the general population is high, as demonstrated by numerous studies listed below, and it is particularly a problem in the paediatric population; where, despite treatment by medical specialists, asthma symptoms are poorly controlled with a high risk of acute exacerbations. The aim of this clinical study is to show how the addition of a particular type of alginate (Deflux plus sachets) containing hyaluronic acid and melatonin at low doses administered over a prolonged period of six months, causes a reduction in vagal reflex stimulation of the oesophagus and pulmonary microaspiration reflexes by regulating lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) motility in asthmatic patients; improving the ACT score (asthma control test score)...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Small intestinal cancer is a rare cancer with limited studies exploring its epidemiology. This study is the first effort to comprehensively analyze the incidence, risk factors, and trends for small intestinal cancer by sex, age, and country. METHOD: Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN), Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus (CI5 Plus), and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) were accessed to estimate the age-standardized rates of small intestinal cancer incidence (ICD-10-CM): C17) and prevalence of lifestyle risk factors, metabolic risk factors and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)...

BACKGROUND: Zolbetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2), has shown efficacy in patients with CLDN18.2-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. We report the results of the SPOTLIGHT trial, which investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 (modified folinic acid [or levofolinate], fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin regimen) versus placebo plus mFOLFOX6 in patients with CLDN18...

A 68-year-old woman with ascending colon cancer was the patient (cT4bN2M1a [LYM] cStage IVA, BRAF V600E mutation-positive, and MSI-high). She was given modified FOLFOXIRI as first-line therapy but did not respond. The infiltration of the primary lesion in the abdominal wall was alleviated, allowing conversion surgery to be performed.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite recent progress, long-term survival remains low for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most effective HCC therapies target the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and there are almost no therapies that directly target tumor cells. Here, we investigated the regulation and function of tumor cell-expressed Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in HCC. METHODS: HCC was induced in mice by Sleeping Beauty-mediated expression of MET, CTNNB1-S45Y, or TAZ-S89A, or by diethylnitrosamine plus CCl4 ...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Excessive alcohol intake with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accelerates chronic liver disease progression and patients with HBV infection are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver disease. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis, while its specific role in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) progression has not yet been elucidated. Here, we studied the role of HBx on the development of ALD. METHODS: HBx-transgenic (HBx-Tg) mice and their wild-type littermates were exposed to chronic plus binge alcohol feeding...

Project SWEET examined the barriers and facilitators to the use of non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (hereafter "S&SE") alongside potential risks/benefits for health and sustainability. The Beverages trial was a double-blind multi-centre, randomised crossover trial within SWEET evaluating the acute impact of three S&SE blends (plant-based and alternatives) vs. a sucrose control on glycaemic response, food intake, appetite sensations and safety after a carbohydrate-rich breakfast meal...

A 63-year-old woman underwent mastectomy and axillary dissection for right breast cancer(cT4bN1M0, Stage ⅢB, scirrhous carcinoma, moderately positive for ER, PgR negative, and HER2 negative)following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. She received no adjuvant therapy. A follow-up computed tomography 3 years later showed a soft tissue mass around the hilar bile ducts and mass in segment 6 of the liver. Based on these imaging findings, a diagnosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with liver metastasis was made. She received chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin, followed by S-1 monotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Limited second-line therapeutic options are available for metastasis pancreatic cancer (mPC). We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin plus irinotecan (IROX) in mPC patients. METHODS: This is an open-label, Phase 2, randomized study of mPC patients (aged 18-75 years) who failed when using gemcitabine plus S-1 as first-line therapy. Block randomization with a block size of four was used to randomly assign patients (1:1) between October 2015 and December 2017 to receive either IROX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 and irinotecan 160 mg/m2 ) or irinotecan monotherapy (irinotecan 180 mg/m2 ) until disease progression, unacceptable adverse events, or consent withdrawal...

BACKGROUND: There is no standard second-line treatment after platinum-etoposide chemotherapy for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, and FOLFIRI alone, in this setting. METHODS: We did a randomised, non-comparative, open-label, phase 2 trial (PRODIGE 41-BEVANEC) at 26 hospitals in France. We included patients aged 18 years or older with locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma or neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary origin, documented progressive disease during or after first-line platinum-etoposide chemotherapy, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2...

INTRODUCTION: Gastro-oesophageal reflux is common in patients with oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) cancer following radical surgery. We aim to conduct a systematic review to investigate the effectiveness and clinical value of additional antireflux surgery (pyloroplasty and fundoplication) for OGJ cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We intend to search Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase databases for studies published in English, from database inception to October 2022...

OBJECTIVE: The perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin plus docetaxel (FLOT) was recommended by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for gastric cancer (2018 edition) for patients with resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (class IIA). However, the economic impact of FLOT chemotherapy in China remains unclear. The analysis aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of FLOT versus epirubicin, cisplatin plus fluorouracil or capecitabine (ECF/ECX) in patients with locally advanced resectable tumours...