keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38016473/an-evolutionary-perspective-on-complex-neuropsychiatric-disease
#21
REVIEW
J M McClellan, Anthony W Zoghbi, Joseph D Buxbaum, Carolina Cappi, James J Crowley, Jonathan Flint, Dorothy E Grice, Suleyman Gulsuner, Conrad Iyegbe, Sanjeev Jain, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Maria Claudia Lattig, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Meera Purushottam, Dan J Stein, Anna B Sunshine, Ezra S Susser, Christopher A Walsh, Olivia Wootton, Mary-Claire King
The forces of evolution-mutation, selection, migration, and genetic drift-shape the genetic architecture of human traits, including the genetic architecture of complex neuropsychiatric illnesses. Studying these illnesses in populations that are diverse in genetic ancestry, historical demography, and cultural history can reveal how evolutionary forces have guided adaptation over time and place. A fundamental truth of shared human biology is that an allele responsible for a disease in anyone, anywhere, reveals a gene critical to the normal biology underlying that condition in everyone, everywhere...
November 27, 2023: Neuron
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37979581/assortative-mating-and-parental-genetic-relatedness-contribute-to-the-pathogenicity-of-variably-expressive-variants
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Corrine Smolen, Matthew Jensen, Lisa Dyer, Lucilla Pizzo, Anastasia Tyryshkina, Deepro Banerjee, Laura Rohan, Emily Huber, Laila El Khattabi, Paolo Prontera, Jean-Hubert Caberg, Anke Van Dijck, Charles Schwartz, Laurence Faivre, Patrick Callier, Anne-Laure Mosca-Boidron, Mathilde Lefebvre, Kate Pope, Penny Snell, Paul J Lockhart, Lucia Castiglia, Ornella Galesi, Emanuela Avola, Teresa Mattina, Marco Fichera, Giuseppa Maria Luana Mandarà, Maria Grazia Bruccheri, Olivier Pichon, Cedric Le Caignec, Radka Stoeva, Silvestre Cuinat, Sandra Mercier, Claire Bénéteau, Sophie Blesson, Ashley Nordsletten, Dominique Martin-Coignard, Erik Sistermans, R Frank Kooy, David J Amor, Corrado Romano, Bertrand Isidor, Jane Juusola, Santhosh Girirajan
We examined more than 97,000 families from four neurodevelopmental disease cohorts and the UK Biobank to identify phenotypic and genetic patterns in parents contributing to neurodevelopmental disease risk in children. We identified within- and cross-disorder correlations between six phenotypes in parents and children, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (R = 0.32-0.38, p < 10-126 ). We also found that measures of sub-clinical autism features in parents are associated with several autism severity measures in children, including biparental mean Social Responsiveness Scale scores and proband Repetitive Behaviors Scale scores (regression coefficient = 0...
December 7, 2023: American Journal of Human Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37976034/preference-for-self-resembling-male-faces-in-gay-men-in-china
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huilin Zhu, Feier Chen, Lijun Zheng
Self-resemblance refers to couples with similar characteristics, also known as homogamy or positive assortative mating. Previous studies have indicated that heterosexual men and women prefer partners with similar facial features. In this study, we examined whether Chinese gay men preferred self-resemblance to faces. The participants ( N  = 70) completed a personal information questionnaire and preference selection task involving 10 pairs of self-resembling/control male faces. Ten pairs of self-resembling/control male faces of each participant were also rated by another gay man...
November 17, 2023: Journal of Sex Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37961716/associations-between-polygenic-scores-for-cognitive-and-non-cognitive-factors-of-educational-attainment-and-measures-of-behavior-psychopathology-and-neuroimaging-in-the-adolescent-brain-cognitive-development-study
#24
Aaron J Gorelik, Sarah E Paul, Alex P Miller, David A A Baranger, Shuyu Lin, Wei Zhang, Nourhan M Elsayed, Hailey Modi, Pooja Addala, Janine Bijsterbosch, Deanna M Barch, Nicole R Karcher, Alexander S Hatoum, Arpana Agrawal, Ryan Bogdan, Emma C Johnson
BACKGROUND: Both cognitive and non-cognitive (e.g., traits like curiosity) factors are critical for social and emotional functioning and independently predict educational attainment. These factors are heritable and genetically correlated with a range of health-relevant traits and behaviors in adulthood (e.g., risk-taking, psychopathology). However, whether these associations are present during adolescence, and to what extent these relationships diverge, could have implications for adolescent health and well-being...
October 28, 2023: medRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37961599/clark-2023-and-the-persistence-of-hereditarian-fallacies
#25
John W Benning, Jedidiah Carlson, Ruth G Shaw, Arbel Harpak
Clark (2023) considers the similarity in socioeconomic status between relatives, drawing on records spanning four centuries in England. The paper adapts a classic quantitative genetics model in order to argue the fit of the model to the data suggests that: (1) variation in socioeconomic status is largely determined by additive genetic variation; (2) contemporary English people "remain correlated in outcomes with their lineage relatives in exactly the same way as in preindustrial England"; and (3) social mobility has remained static over this time period due to strong assortative mating on a "social genotype...
November 3, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37875158/prudent-burrow-site-selection-in-a-landscape-of-fear
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Viraj R Torsekar, Aparna Lajmi, Dror Hawlena
Prey should select safer breeding sites over riskier sites of otherwise similar habitats. This preference, however, may differ between conspecifics of different competitive abilities if the costs of intraspecific competition overpower the benefits of breeding in a safer site. Our goal was to test this hypothesis by exploring the burrow-site selection of different-sized desert isopods ( Hemilepistus reaumuri ) near and away from a scorpion burrow. We found that larger females are more likely to occupy burrows than smaller females, regardless of whether these burrows were close or away from scorpion burrows...
October 2023: Biology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37875133/sexual-selection-and-the-non-random-union-of-gametes-retesting-for-assortative-mating-by-fitness-in-drosophila-melanogaster
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanduni Talagala, Emily Rakosy, Tristan A F Long
While numerous theoretical population genetic models predict that mating assortatively by genetic 'quality' will enhance the efficiency of purging of deleterious mutations and/or the spread of beneficial alleles in the gene pool, empirical examples of assortative mating by quality are surprisingly rare and often inconclusive. Here, we set out to examine whether fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) engage in assortative mating by body-size phenotype, a composite trait strongly associated with both reproductive success and survival, and is considered a reliable indicator of natural genetic quality...
October 24, 2023: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37736531/social-calls-of-the-little-auk-alle-alle-reflect-body-size-and-possibly-partnership-but-not-sex
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna N Osiecka, Elodie F Briefer, Dorota Kidawa, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas
Source-filter theory posits that an individual's size and vocal tract length are reflected in the parameters of their calls. In species that mate assortatively, this could result in vocal similarity. In the context of mate selection, this would mean that animals could listen in to find a partner that sounds-and therefore is-similar to them. We investigated the social calls of the little auk ( Alle alle ), a highly vocal seabird mating assortatively, using vocalizations produced inside 15 nests by known individuals...
September 2023: Royal Society Open Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37732240/a-general-approach-to-adjusting-genetic-studies-for-assortative-mating
#29
Marta Bilghese, Regina Manansala, Dhruva Jaishankar, Jonathan Jala, Daniel J Benjamin, Miles Kimball, Paul L Auer, Michael A Livermore, Patrick Turley
The effects of assortative mating (AM) on estimates from genetic studies has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. We extend existing AM theory to more general models of sorting and conclude that correct theory-based AM adjustments require knowledge of complicated, unknown historical sorting patterns. We propose a simple, general-purpose approach using polygenic indexes (PGIs). Our approach can estimate the fraction of genetic variance and genetic correlation that is driven by AM. Our approach is less effective when applied to Mendelian randomization (MR) studies for two reasons: AM can induce a form of selection bias in MR studies that remains after our adjustment; and, in the MR context, the adjustment is particularly sensitive to PGI estimation error...
September 5, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37700643/what-s-in-a-mate-social-pairing-decisions-and-spatial-cognitive-ability-in-food-caching-mountain-chickadees
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carrie L Branch, Joseph F Welklin, Benjamin R Sonnenberg, Lauren M Benedict, Virginia K Heinen, Angela M Pitera, Eli S Bridge, Vladimir V Pravosudov
While researchers have investigated mating decisions for decades, gaps remain in our understanding of how behaviour influences social mate choice. We compared spatial cognitive performance and food caching propensity within social pairs of mountain chickadees inhabiting differentially harsh winter climates to understand how these measures contribute to social mate choice. Chickadees rely on specialized spatial cognitive abilities to recover food stores and survive harsh winters, and females can discriminate among males with varying spatial cognition...
September 13, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37596553/rbahadur-efficient-simulation-of-structured-high-dimensional-genotype-data-with-applications-to-assortative-mating
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Border, Osman Asif Malik
Existing methods for generating synthetic genotype data are ill-suited for replicating the effects of assortative mating (AM). We propose rb_dplr, a novel and computationally efficient algorithm for generating high-dimensional binary random variates that effectively recapitulates AM-induced genetic architectures using the Bahadur order-2 approximation of the multivariate Bernoulli distribution. The rBahadur R library is available through the Comprehensive R Archive Network at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rBahadur ...
August 18, 2023: BMC Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37582738/both-reduced-ovarian-reserve-and-severe-semen-alterations-are-overrepresented-in-couples-seeking-assisted-reproductive-technology-treatment-for-the-first-time-a-cross-sectional-study
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan J Tarín, Eva Pascual, Miguel A García-Pérez, Aitana Monllor-Tormos, Antonio Cano
BACKGROUND: Once a mate choice decision has been made, couples that fail to reach a live birth in natural and/or intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles will likely visit fertility clinics seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. During the more or less prolonged period of infertility experienced, those couples with mild/moderate reproductive anomalies would have advantage over couples displaying more severe reproductive alterations in achieving a natural or IUI conception...
August 16, 2023: Reproductive Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37577588/interpreting-snp-heritability-in-admixed-populations
#33
Jinguo Huang, Saonli Basu, Mark D Shriver, Arslan A Zaidi
SNP heritability is defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genotyped SNPs and is believed to be a lower bound of heritability ( h 2 ), being equal to it if all causal variants are known. Despite the simple intuition behind , its interpretation and equivalence to h 2 is unclear, particularly in the presence of population structure and assortative mating. It is well known that population structure can lead to inflation in estimates. Here we use analytical theory and simulations to demonstrate that estimates of are not guaranteed to be equal to h 2 in admixed populations, even in the absence of confounding and even if the causal variants are known...
August 4, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37531351/an-economic-model-and-evidence-of-the-evolution-of-human-intelligence-in-the-middle-pleistocene-climate-change-and-assortative-mating
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bruce C Petersen
A main objective of this paper is to provide the first model of how climate change, working through sexual selection, could have led to dramatic increases in hominin brain size, and presumably intelligence, in the Middle Pleistocene. The model is built using core elements from the field of family economics, including assortative mating and specialization and complementarities between mates. The main assumptions are that family public goods (e.g., conversation, shelter, fire) were particularly cognitively intensive to produce and became increasingly important for child survival during glacial phases...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37528707/paternity-data-reveal-high-mhc-diversity-among-sires-in-a-polygynandrous-egalitarian-primate
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paulo B Chaves, Karen B Strier, Anthony Di Fiore
Evidence from human and nonhuman primates suggests that females avoid breeding with close kin and may choose mates based on MHC diversity, which can improve offspring survival. In despotic societies, female mate choice may be hindered by male sexual coercion, but in egalitarian societies, females may be less constrained. Among northern muriquis-an egalitarian, polygynandrous primate with male philopatry-analyses of new data on paternity and variation at microsatellite and MHC loci, combined with behavioural and life-history data, revealed that sires showed higher MHC diversity than expected by chance and were never close kin of dams, consistent with predictions of female mate choice and close inbreeding avoidance...
August 9, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37503158/estimation-of-indirect-genetic-effects-and-heritability-under-assortative-mating
#36
Alexander Strudwick Young
Both direct genetic effects (effects of alleles in an individual on that individual) and indirect genetic effects - effects of alleles in an individual (e.g. parents) on another individual (e.g. offspring) - can contribute to phenotypic variation and genotype-phenotype associations. Here, we consider a phenotype affected by direct and parental indirect genetic effects under assortative mating at equilibrium. We generalize classical theory to derive a decomposition of the equilibrium phenotypic variance in terms of direct and indirect genetic effect components...
July 11, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37501082/what-causes-concordance-of-hypertension-between-spouses-in-india-identifying-a-critical-knowledge-gap-from-a-nationally-representative-cross-sectional-sample-of-63-020-couples-aged-15%C3%A2-%C3%A2-years
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gayatri Nayak, Shishirendu Ghosal, Jyoti Ghosal, Ambarish Dutta
BACKGROUND: Hypertension, a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is found to cluster between spouses due to within-couple aggregation of antecedent environmental risk factors, either through assortative mating or cohabitation. However, majority of the evidence of spousal concordance of hypertension is from Caucasoid couples from western societies, whereas marriage, partner selection, and post-marital roles of husband and wives are very different in Indian society. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of spousal concordance of hypertension in Indian couples...
July 27, 2023: BMC Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37491308/overcoming-attenuation-bias-in-regressions-using-polygenic-indices
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hans van Kippersluis, Pietro Biroli, Rita Dias Pereira, Titus J Galama, Stephanie von Hinke, S Fleur W Meddens, Dilnoza Muslimova, Eric A W Slob, Ronald de Vlaming, Cornelius A Rietveld
Measurement error in polygenic indices (PGIs) attenuates the estimation of their effects in regression models. We analyze and compare two approaches addressing this attenuation bias: Obviously Related Instrumental Variables (ORIV) and the PGI Repository Correction (PGI-RC). Through simulations, we show that the PGI-RC performs slightly better than ORIV, unless the prediction sample is very small (N < 1000) or when there is considerable assortative mating. Within families, ORIV is the best choice since the PGI-RC correction factor is generally not available...
July 25, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37467472/subtle-introgression-footprints-at-the-end-of-the-speciation-continuum-in-a-clade-of-heliconius-butterflies
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quentin Rougemont, Bárbara Huber, Simon Martin, Annabel Whibley, Catalina Estrada, Darha Solano, Robert Orpet, W Owen McMillan, Brigitte Frérot, Mathieu Joron
Quantifying gene flow between lineages at different stages of the speciation continuum is central to understanding speciation. Heliconius butterflies have undergone an adaptive radiation in wing colour patterns driven partly by natural selection for local mimicry. Colour patterns are also known to be used as assortative mating cues. Therefore, wing pattern divergence is considered to play a role in speciation. A corollary is that mimicry between closely-related species may be associated with hybridization and interfere with reproductive isolation...
July 19, 2023: Molecular Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37460608/conventional-twin-studies-overestimate-the-environmental-differences-between-families-relevant-to-educational-attainment
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tobias Wolfram, Damien Morris
Estimates of shared environmental influence on educational attainment (EA) using the Classical Twin Design (CTD) have been enlisted as genetically sensitive measures of unequal opportunity. However, key assumptions of the CTD appear violated for EA. In this study we compared CTD estimates of shared environmental influence on EA with estimates from a Nuclear Twin and Family Design (NTFD) in the same 982 German families. Our CTD model estimated shared environmental influence at 43%. After accounting for assortative mating, our best fitting NTFD model estimated shared environmental influence at 26%, disaggregating this into twin-specific shared environments (16%) and environmental influences shared by all siblings (10%)...
July 17, 2023: NPJ Science of Learning
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