Agitation

BACKGROUND: In traumatic brain injury patients (TBI) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), agitation can lead to accidental removal of catheters, devices as well as self-extubation and falls. Actigraphy could be a potential tool to continuously monitor agitation. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of monitoring agitation with actigraphs and to compare activity levels in agitated and non-agitated critically ill TBI patients. METHODS: Actigraphs were placed on patients' wrists; 24-hour monitoring was continued until ICU discharge or limitation of therapeutic efforts...

The energy transfer between bouncing particles and rigid boundaries during impacts is crucially influenced not only by restitution coefficients of the material but also by particle shapes. This is particularly important when such particles are mechanically agitated with vibrating plates. Inertial measurement units are able to measure all acceleration and rotational velocity components of an object and store these data for subsequent analysis. We employ them to measure the dynamics of cubes and icosahedra on vibrating plates to study the efficiency of energy transfer into the individual degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the excited object...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to observe the anesthetic effect and safety of intravenous anesthesia without muscle relaxant with propofol-remifentanil combined with regional block under laryngeal mask airway in pediatric ophthalmologic surgery. METHODS: A total of 90 undergoing ophthalmic surgery were anesthetized with general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway without muscle relaxant. They were randomly divided into two groups: 45 children who received propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with regional block (LG group), and 45 children who received total intravenous anesthesia (G group)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Platelet concentrates (PC) are stored at 20-24°C to maintain platelet functionality, which may promote growth of contaminant bacteria. Alternatively, cold storage of PC limits bacterial growth; however, data related to proliferation of psychotrophic species in cold-stored PC (CSP) are scarce, which is addressed in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight laboratories participated in this study with a pool/split approach. Two split PC units were spiked with ~25 colony forming units (CFU)/PC of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes...

INTRODUCTION: Physical restraint (PR) is prescribed in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) to avoid unplanned removal of medical devices. However, it is associated with an increased risk of delirium. We hypothesise that a restrictive use of PR, as compared with a systematic use, could reduce the duration of delirium in ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Restrictive use of Restraints and Delirium Duration in ICU (R2D2-ICU) study is a national multicentric, parallel-group, randomised (1:1) open-label, controlled, superiority trial, which will be conducted in 10 ICUs...

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the presence of catatonia in cases of pediatric postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (PPCMS). METHOD: A systematic review of PPCMS case reports of patients aged 0-17 years with sufficient clinical information to extract catatonic phenomena was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. Standardized catatonia rating scales were applied to selected cases retrospectively to ascertain whether diagnostic criteria for catatonia were met. A case known to the authors is also presented...

AIMS: To describe how workplace violence (WPV) is experienced by nurses in hospitals and community services and identify protective and risk factors. METHODS: An online cross-sectional national study was conducted from January to April 2021 in Italy. Hospitals and community services were involved in the study. The survey combined the adapted and validated Italian version of the Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage (VENT) questionnaire, which explores the episodes of WPV experienced during the previous 12 months, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and some additional questions about staffing levels extracted from a previous RN4CAST study...

OBJECTIVE: : Intramuscular medications are widely used to treat psychomotor agitation (PMA) in uncooperative patients. We evaluated knowledge and attitude towards guidelines and the prescribing patterns in a sample of Italian psychiatrists. METHODS: : A structured 28-item questionnaire was submitted to psychiatrists of Italian Departments of Mental Health. We considered 8 clinical scenarios of PMA. For comparing two qualitative variables Chi-square tests were performed...

INTRODUCTION: Patients exhibiting signs of hyperactive delirium with severe agitation (HDSA) may require sedating medications for stabilization and safe transport to the hospital. Determining the patient's weight and calculating the correct weight-based dose may be challenging in an emergency. A fixed dose ketamine protocol is an alternative to the traditional weight-based administration, which may also reduce dosing errors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of adverse events following pre-hospital ketamine administration for HDSA...

OBJECTIVE: We studied the impact of depressive symptoms on adverse effects (AEs) in people with epilepsy (PWE) on antiseizure medication (ASM) therapy. An effect of depression on the AE burden has already been reported. We studied the correlation of various depressive symptoms with specific AEs to assess which AEs are especially prone to being confounded by particular depressive symptoms. METHODS: PWE filled in a variety of questionnaires including the "Neurological Disorder Depression Inventory for Epilepsy" (NDDI-E), "Emotional Thermometers 4" (ET4) and "Liverpool Adverse Events Profile" (LAEP)...

BACKGROUND: Interventions and care that can evoke positive emotions and reduce apathy or agitation are important for people with dementia. In recent years, socially assistive robots used for better dementia care have been found to be feasible. However, the immediate responses of people with dementia when they are given multiple sensory modalities from socially assistive robots have not yet been sufficiently elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantitatively examine the immediate emotional responses of people with dementia to stimuli presented by socially assistive robots using facial expression analysis in order to determine whether they elicited positive emotions...

This study emphasizes the phytochemical study of some locally available botanicals against maize weevils. Nine plant parts were collected from six plant species. The test plant powder (200 g) was suspended sequentially in 600 ml of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and distilled water for 72 h with frequent agitation. Different concentrations of the crude extracts were applied to maize seeds at rates of 10 ml, 15 ml and 20 ml per 100 g. All treatments with different extracts at different rates of application showed significant differences (p < 0...

The size-controlled synthesis of liquid metal nanoparticles is necessary in a variety of applications. Sonication is a common method for breaking down bulk liquid metals into small particles, yet the influence of critical factors such as liquid metal composition has remained elusive. Our study employs high-speed imaging to unravel the mechanism of liquid metal particle formation during mechanical agitation. Gallium-based liquid metals, with and without secondary metals of bismuth, indium, and tin, are analyzed to observe the effect of cavitation and surface eruption during sonication and particle release...

In pediatric patients, an acute altered mental status refers to a sudden and significant change in a child's brain function and level of consciousness. It may manifest as confusion, disorientation, agitation, lethargy or even a loss of consciousness. This condition is a medical emergency, and requires immediate evaluation and attention. There are several causes of acute altered mental status in children, including infections of the central nervous system such as meningitis or encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, metabolic disorders, seizures and poisoning, among others...

OBJECTIVES: Acute agitation during pediatric mental health emergency department (ED) visits presents safety risks to patients and staff. We previously convened multidisciplinary stakeholders who prioritized 20 proposed quality measures for pediatric acute agitation management. Our objectives were to assess feasibility of evaluating performance on these quality measures using electronic health record (EHR) data and to examine performance variation across 3 EDs. METHODS: At a children's hospital and 2 nonchildren's hospitals, we assessed feasibility of evaluating quality measures for pediatric acute agitation management using structured EHR data elements...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Bioengineered tracheal grafts are a potential solution for the repair of long-segment tracheal defects. A recent advancement is partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTGs) which enable regeneration of host epithelium and retain viable donor chondrocytes for hypothesized benefits to mechanical properties. We propose a novel and tunable 3D-printed bioreactor for creating large animal PDTG that brings this technology closer to the bedside. METHODS: Conventional agitated immersion with surfactant and enzymatic activity was used to partially decellularize New Zealand white rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) tracheal segments ( n  = 3)...

Streptococcus agalactiae infection is typically seen in specific populations, including neonates, pregnant women, and the elderly. These patients have immature, lower, and waning immune systems, which makes them more susceptible to infections. Typical S. agalactiae infections manifest as cellulitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, ventriculitis (a rare complication of meningitis), and osteomyelitis. In rare cases, a patient can present with two or more of these typical infection manifestations. The authors present a case of a 48-year-old female with a past medical history of hypothyroidism and chronic back pain who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status...

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation. It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation. AIM: To compare the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury. METHODS: Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for > 72 h were randomly assigned to receive sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol...

The study effectively optimized the transesterification process of Jatropha oil to fatty acid methyl ester using response surface methodology (CCD) and Taguchi orthogonal method, leading to enhanced efficiency and product quality. The optimization of five process parameters was conducted to predict the biodiesel yield (%) from the transesterification of Jatropha oil. The procedure was made easier with the use of a nanocatalyst made from calcium oxide obtained from snail shells using the hydrothermal technique...