LEAN quality

AIM: To understand the current usage of eviQ Cancer Treatments Online (www.eviQ.org.au), an Australian, open-access website providing evidence-based and consensus-driven cancer treatment protocols and information, and the extent to which it is meeting its intended outcomes and providing value to its users. METHODS: A mixed-method evaluation was conducted in 2020-2022 which included a review of key program documentation and website usage data, and delivery of a focused online survey to its users...

Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need to explore innovative approaches to improve cardiovascular health outcomes. Time-restricted fasting (TRF) is a dietary intervention that involves limiting the time window for food consumption. It has gained attention for its potential benefits on metabolic health and weight management. This study aims to investigate the impact of TRF on key risk factors, including body weight, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profile...

Obesity impairs oocyte quality, fertility, pregnancy maintenance, and is associated with offspring birth defects. The model ovotoxicant, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), causes ovarian DNA damage and follicle loss. Both DMBA-induced chemical biotransformation and the DNA damage response are partially attenuated in obese relative to lean female mice but whether weight loss could improve the DNA damage response to DMBA exposure has not been explored. Thus, at six weeks of age, C57BL/6 J female mice were divided in three groups: 1) Lean (L; n = 20) fed a chow diet for 12 weeks, 2) obese (O; n = 20) fed a high fat high sugar (HFHS) diet for 12 weeks and, 3) slim-down (S; n = 20)...

The purpose of this study was to compare single- and multi-frequency bioimpedance (BIA) devices against dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for appendicular lean mass (ALM) and muscle quality index (MQI) metrics in Hispanic adults. One-hundred thirty-one Hispanic adults (18-55 yrs.) participated in this study. ALM was measured with single-frequency (SFBIA), multi-frequency (MFBIA), and DXA. ALMTOTAL (left arm + right arm + left leg + right leg) and ALMARMS (left arm + right arm) were computed for all three devices...

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is related to body composition, which is also related to resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR can be increased by exercise and diet interventions that are not dependent on changes in body composition, so a link between RMR and HRQOL may provide interventions that directly improve HRQOL in women. METHODS: One hundred twenty women (median age 63.5 [IQR: 53.0-71.0] years) completed one-time measurement of body composition (multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance), RMR (handheld calorimetry), and HRQOL (RAND-36)...

In this study, we compared the transcriptome of longissimus dorsi muscle between Guizhou Xiang pigs (XP) and Western commercial Large White pigs (LW), which show diffirent meat quality between them. In terms of meat quality traits, the pH 45 min, color score, backfat thickness, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content were higher in Xiang pigs than in Large White pigs (P < 0.01), while the drip loss, lean meat percentage, shear force, and longissimus dorsi muscle area of Xiang pigs were lower than that of Large White pigs (P < 0...

AIM: Propose new metrics of impulsiveness of manual chest compressions (CCs) that account for shape and duration, separate the characteristics of the compressive part of the CC cycle from those of the recoil part, and are uncorrelated to CC depth and rate. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest monitor-defibrillator recordings having CPR data. Specifically, episodes of adult patients with ≥ 1000 compressions free of leaning were examined...

Intramuscular fat (IMF) plays a crucial role in enhancing meat quality, enriching meat flavor, and overall improving palatability. In this study, Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to analyze the longissimus dorsi (LD) obtained from Guangdong small-ear spotted pigs (GDSS, with high IMF) and Yorkshire pigs (YK, with low IMF). GDSS had significantly more Fibro/Adipogenic Progenitor (FAPs), in which the CD9 negative FAPs (FAPCD9- ) having adipogenic potential, as demonstrated by in vitro assays using cells originated from mouse muscle...

OBJECTIVE: To assess diet quality and its association with body and biochemical parameters in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: Prospective observational study with individuals of both sexes subjected to RYGB. Body composition, biochemical parameters, and diet quality were assessed before and six months after RYGB. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Data were analyzed by the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a significance level of 5%...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to make the centers more attractive to trial sponsors, in recent years, some research institutions around the world have pursued projects to reorganize the pathway of trial activation, developing new organizational models to improve the activation process and reduce its times. This study aims at analyzing and reorganizing the start-up phase of trials conducted at the Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI) of the Public Hospital of Alessandria (Italy). METHODS: A project was carried out to reorganize the trial authorization process at DAIRI by involving the three facilities responsible for this pathway: clinical trial center (CTC), ethics committee secretariat (ESC), and administrative coordination (AC)...

Intermittent fasting is a dietary intervention that is increasingly being tested for positive outcomes in patients receiving cancer treatment. In this review, we examine the impact of intermittent fasting on symptoms, toxicities, and quality of life in patients undergoing cancer therapy and highlight unmet investigative areas to prompt future research. While current evidence is preliminary and conclusions mixed, some promising clinical studies suggest that intermittent fasting interventions may improve fatigue and reduce gastrointestinal toxicities in certain patients with cancer...

A disease known as sarcopenic obesity is characterized by decreased lean body mass in conjunction with excessive amounts of adipose tissue. Skeletal muscle mass, also known as SMM, is responsible for the largest share of fat-free mass in the body and plays an extremely vital role in the maintaining of metabolic health. Physical activity and exercise boosts the physiological health and overall quality of life of senior citizens. The objective of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of varied exercise interventions among the geriatric people with sarcopenic obesity...

A timely response to patient-initiated telephone calls can affect many aspects of patient health, including quality of care and health equity. Historically, at a family medicine residency clinic, at least 1 out of 4 patient calls remained unresolved three days after the call was placed. We sought to explore whether there were differential delays in resolution of patient concerns for certain groups and how these were affected by quality improvement interventions to increase responsiveness to patient calls. A multidisciplinary team at a primary care residency clinic applied Lean education and tools to improve the timeliness of addressing telephone encounters...

BACKGROUND: Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to largely attenuate the negative health risks associated with obesity. To date, literature on women with obesity has focused upon the evaluation of aerobic-based exercise interventions. Hence, there is a need to evaluate resistance and combined interventions with this cohort. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of three exercise modalities in women with obesity for improving CRF, strength, body composition and other health outcomes...

BACKGROUND: The pig (Sus Scrofa) is one of the oldest domesticated livestock species that has undergone extensive improvement through modern breeding. European breeds have advantages in lean meat development and highly-productive body type, whereas Asian breeds possess extraordinary fat deposition and reproductive performance. Consequently, Eurasian breeds have been extensively used to develop modern commercial breeds for fast-growing and high prolificacy. However, limited by the sequencing technology, the genome architecture of some nascent developed breeds and the human-mediated impact on their genomes are still unknown...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscle mass and strength, posing threat to quality of life. Air pollutants are increasingly recognized as risk factors for diseases, while the relationship between the two remains to be elucidated. This study investigated whether exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the development of sarcopenia. METHODS: We employed the data from the UK Biobank with 303,031 eligible participants. Concentrations of PM2·5 , NO2 , and NOx were estimated...

The National Beef Quality Audit ( NBQA ) has been conducted regularly since 1991 to assess and benchmark quality in the U.S. beef industry, with the most recent iteration conducted in 2022. The goal of NBQA Phase I is to evaluate what needs to be managed to improve beef quality and demand. Interviews ( n = 130) of industry personnel were conducted with the aid of routing software. In total, packers ( n = 24), retailers ( n = 20), further processors ( n = 26), foodservice ( n = 18), and allied government agencies and trade organizations ( n = 42) were interviewed...

People's Dietary Patterns (DPs) are influenced by culture and ethnicity, and their identification requires a holistic assessment of diet. DP reflects dietary behaviors, and its analysis may provide further details about the dietary etiology of chronic diseases. By examining people's DP and related factors, more practical solutions can be proposed to prevent overweight, obesity, and related diseases. This study aimed to describe DP, Eating Restrictions (ER), Food Involvement (FI), Nutrition Knowledge (NK), and anthropometric indices in Iranian adults and determine the mediating role of FI in the relationship between ER, NK, and DP...

OBJECTIVES: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are often treated with intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The pretransplant treatment results in a general deterioration of the patient's health and quality of life. Furthermore, allo-HSCT can be responsible for significant toxicity with risks of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Developing strategies to prevent physical deconditioning, undernutrition and psychological distress could help maintain a satisfactory general state of health before transplantation and thus limit these deleterious effects...