Blood product waste

Previous research has demonstrated human exposure to mycotoxins among Guatemalans, with high levels of mycotoxins being found in blood and urine samples as well as in maize for human consumption. Mishandling of crops such as maize during pre- and post-harvest has been associated with mycotoxin contamination. The overarching goal of this study was to identify risk factors for aflatoxin and fumonisin exposure in Guatemala. A cross-sectional survey of 141 women tortilla makers was conducted in the departments of Guatemala, Sololá, Suchitepéquez, Izabal, and Zacapa in February 2022...

Surra is a wasting disease triggered by infection with Trypanosoma evansi , a protozoan blood parasite that causes mortality and morbidity in a broad spectrum of wild and domestic animals and occasionally humans. Trypanosoma evansi has the widest geographical spread among all pathogenic trypanosomes, inflicting significant worldwide economic problems due to its adverse effects on meat and milk production. For diagnosis, most endemic countries continue to rely on traditional parasitological and serological techniques, such as the analysis of blood smears by microscopy and the Card Agglutination Test for T...

Because of their capacity to bind metals, metal chelators are primarily employed for therapeutic purposes, but they can also find applications as colorimetric reagents and cleaning solutions as well as in soil remediation, electroplating, waste treatment, and so on. For instance, iron-chelation therapy, which is used to treat iron-overload disorders, involves removing excess iron from the blood through the use of particular molecules, like deferoxamine, that have the ability to chelate the metal. The creation of bioinspired and biodegradable chelating agents is a crucial objective that draws inspiration from natural products...

This research investigated the nutritive value of dried cabbage waste meal (CWM) as feed for grower-finisher pigs. One hundred crossbred (Large white X Landrace; 86.10 ± 0.15 kg BW) clinically certified grower-finisher pigs of equal sexes were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with five replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. The control diet (T0 Diet) contained 1000 g kg-1 DM concentrate without CWM, while diets T50, T100, T150 and T200 had 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 DM levels of inclusion of CWM, respectively, replacing parts of the total mixed ration (TMR)...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the return of blood components across different hospital areas, reasons for the same and suggest preventive strategies which might reduce out of controlled temperature storage (CTS) blood logistics and wastage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective audit was carried out in the department of transfusion medicine from January 2019 to December 2022. Data related to returned blood components was compiled using departmental records and blood centre software entries RESULTS: A total of 218 instances of returned components were noted and the total number of components returned were 442 (0...

Water body contamination by leachate originated from dumpsites is a concern for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate antioxidant system alterations and oxidative and genotoxic effects in Danio rerio (zebrafish) exposed to leachate from a closed dumpsite. Groups comprising 50 fish were exposed (96 h) to different leachate concentrations (5, 15, 30, and 50%) to evaluate effects on liver and brain superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PTC) levels...

Malpighian tubules (MTs) are arthropod excretory organs crucial for the osmoregulation, detoxification and excretion of xenobiotics and metabolic wastes, which include tryptophan degradation products along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Specifically, the toxic intermediate 3-hydroxy kynurenine (3-HK) is metabolized through transamination to xanthurenic acid or in the synthesis of ommochrome pigments. Early investigations in Drosophila larval fat bodies revealed an intracellular autofluorescence (AF) that depended on tryptophan administration...

Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological oscillations that regulate various physiological processes in organisms, including kidney function. The kidney plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and excretion of metabolic waste products, all of which display circadian rhythmicity. For this reason, studying the circadian regulation of the kidney is of importance, and time of day is a biological and experimental variable which must be considered...

The liver is a multifunctional organ that plays crucial roles in numerous physiological processes, such as production of bile and proteins for blood plasma, regulation of blood levels of amino acids, processing of hemoglobin, clearance of metabolic waste, maintenance of glucose, etc. Therefore, the liver is essential for the homeostasis of organisms. With the development of research on the liver, there is growing concern about its effect on immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity. For example, the liver regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of immune cells through various secreted proteins (also known as "hepatokines")...

It is important to recycle the bovine blood discarded at slaughter and develop it into high value-added bovine serum products. Biomimetic affinity chromatography (BiAC) resins have been developed to specifically purify bovine serum immunoglobulin G (Bs-IgG). The BiAC strategy was used to screen the resins with the best purification effect on Bs-IgG. Four resins with specificity for Bs-IgG adsorption were selected from 90 BiAC resins. Finally, BiAC-A5-87 was selected and used to purify Bs-IgG based on the results of SDS-PAGE and BCA protein quantification analysis...

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of citric waste fermented with yeast waste pellet (CWYWP) supplementation on feed intake, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites in native Thai beef cattle that are fed a rice-straw-based diet. Four native male Thai beef cattle (1.0-1.5 years old) with an initial body weight (BW) of 116 ± 16 kg were held in a 4 × 4 Latin square design within 21-day periods. The animals were assigned to receive CWYWP supplementation at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the total dry matter (DM) intake per day...

Aim Oxygen-enriched mouthwash products are based on oral topical oxygen therapy (OOT), which supports the formation of new blood vessels and the removal of toxins and waste products from the affected area and stimulates the synthesis of collagen. These antioxidant mouthwashes contain honey, lactoferrin, and sodium carbonate peroxide. Lactoferrin is an anti-inflammatory protein that binds the ferrous iron ions surrounding micro-organisms regulating bacterial growth. Hence, these products can be included as an adjunct to toothbrushing after oral surgeries and in the treatment of conditions like gingival inflammation and peri-implantitis...

BACKGROUND: Tokunoshima is a remote island in the Amami Islands, 470 km southwest of the Kagoshima mainland. It has a population of 23,000 and consists of three towns: Tokunoshima, Isen, and Amagi. Three medical institutions on the island are responsible for blood transfusion medicine, but there is no blood stockpiling station on the island, and blood is stockpiled in each of the hospitals. Although Tokunoshima Tokushukai Hospital is responsible for 70% of transfusion medicine on Tokunoshima, it is difficult to maintain a sufficient amount of blood in stock considering disposal...

One of the most pressing environmental issues is how to properly dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW), which represents both a substantial source of concern and a challenge. The current study evaluated cobalt (Co) accumulation in MSW, their uptake by different vegetables grown for two years, and related human health risks. Vegetables were grown in four different groups, such as one control (ground soil), and the remaining treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) received varying concentrations of MSW. The analysis of Co was done through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)...

From ancient times fish has always been considered as an important human food item. The purpose of this article is to introduce the perception that beside consumption, fish can also be used as a raw material for the industrial production of different products. In this article such 19 products have been described. Among them, the conventional fish products described herein include isinglass, pituitary gland, chitin, chitosan, pearl essence, fish skin leather, fish protein hydrolysates and concentrates, fish meal and scrap, fish oil, collagen, gelatin, glue, fish silage, pet food and wet feed from fish, fish fertilizer and compost...

Sporadic cerebral small vessel disease determines age- and vascular-risk-factor-related processes of the small brain vasculature. The underlying pathology develops in a stage-dependent manner - probably over decades - often already starting in midlife. Endothelial and pericyte activation precedes blood-brain barrier leaks, extracellular matrix remodeling and neuroinflammation, which ultimately result in bleeds, synaptic and neural dysfunction. Hemodynamic compromise of the small vessel walls promotes perivascular drainage failure and accumulation of neurotoxic waste products in the brain...

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein that links the astrocytic endfeet to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulates water and potassium homeostasis in the brain, as well as the glymphatic clearance of waste products that would otherwise potentiate neurological diseases. Recently, translational readthrough was shown to generate a C-terminally extended variant of AQP4, known as AQP4x, which preferentially localizes around the BBB through interaction with the scaffolding protein α-syntrophin, and loss of AQP4x disrupts waste clearance from the brain...

Chicken production is quickly rising due to the low associated costs and the capability of poultry to convert nutrients into biological protein along with chicken meat accounting for 30% of all animal protein eaten by humans. Despite advances in poultry production, parasitic illnesses in laying hens remain a problem. Farm birds reared in semi-intensive and free-range systems are more prone to parasite infections due to the absorption of polluted water and food from scavenging behaviors and waste droppings. In this study, the effects of Ascaridia galli infection on the immune response and liver function of two laying hen lines are compared, and their infection resistance is determined...

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a widely used diagnostic assay in human medicine but nowadays poorly applied in veterinary medicine. This test measures the speed (millimeters per hour) at which red blood cells settle in a whole anticoagulated blood tube. In human medicine, high ESR values are associated with various disorders, including infections, rheumatoid arthritis, oncologic diseases, and other inflammatory conditions. The ESR can also be influenced by some factors such as age and gender. In veterinary medicine, the ESR with the Westergren manual method was almost forgotten over the years due to blood consumption and long turn-around time...

The study investigated the potentials of dried cabbage waste meal (DCWM) on growth performance, blood biochemical characteristics, physiological indices, and economics of production of weaned pigs. Ninety crossbred (Large white X Landrace; 8.01 ± 0.18 kg body weight) clinically certified weaned pigs of equal sexes were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments containing DCWM. Each treatment consisted of 18 pigs replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 (control diet) contained no DCWM whereas diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 had 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg levels of inclusion of DCWM, respectively, replacing parts of the feed...