"Aerobic threshold"

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the associations of oxygen uptake at aerobic threshold (VO2 at AT) with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. DESIGN: VO2 at AT was assessed in 1663 middle-aged men in a cohort study. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for sudden cardiac death (SCD), fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 25.6 years, 138 SCDs, 209 fatal CHDs, 333 fatal CVDs and 719 all-cause mortality events occurred...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the exercise intensity that elicited the highest rate of fat utilization (FATmax) and to assess its relationship with the aerobic threshold (AeT) in male athletes. We hypothesized existence of high correlation of these two parameters when a short-staged graded treadmill test with AeT identified through breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis was used. METHODS: Fifty-six trained male athletes (age 25.6 ± 3.4 y, height 197...

BACKGROUND: Wearable sensors enable long-term monitoring of health and wellbeing indicators. An objective evaluation of sensors' accuracy is important, especially for their use in health care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use a wrist-worn optical heart rate (OHR) device to estimate heart rate (HR), energy expenditure (EE), and maximal oxygen intake capacity (VO2Max) during running and to evaluate the accuracy of the estimated parameters (HR, EE, and VO2Max) against golden reference methods...

This study investigated athletic performance and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in relation to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation and explored the relationship between this mutation and other cardiac risk factors in soccer players and sedentary individuals. The study groups consisted of randomly selected soccer players (n=48) from the Turkish Super and Major League and sedentary male students (n=48) aged 18-27. Anthropometric variables, aerobic and anaerobic thresholds were measured, furthermore, biochemical assays were performed...

This study analysed the effects of two different periodization strategies on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities in competitive swimmers. Seventeen athletes of both sexes were divided to two groups, the traditional periodization (TPG, n = 7) and the reverse periodization group (RPG, n = 10). Each group followed a 10-week training period based on the two different periodization strategies. Before and after training, swimming velocity (SV), energy expenditure (EE), energy cost (EC) and percentage of aerobic (%Aer) and anaerobic (%An) energy contribution to the swimming intensities corresponding to the aerobic threshold (AerT), the anaerobic threshold (AnT) and the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max) were measured...

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PURPOSE: There is strong evidence that exercise training has beneficial health effects in patients with cardiovascular disease. Most studies have focused on moderate continuous training (MCT); however, a body of evidence has begun to emerge demonstrating that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has significantly better results in terms of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of MCT versus HIIT on functional capacity and quality of life and to assess safety...

BACKGROUND: Exercising at intensities where fat oxidation rates are high has been shown to induce metabolic benefits in recreational and health-oriented sportsmen. The exercise intensity (Fatpeak) eliciting peak fat oxidation rates is therefore of particular interest when aiming to prescribe exercise for the purpose of fat oxidation and related metabolic effects. Although running and walking are feasible and popular among the target population, no reliable protocols are available to assess Fatpeak as well as its actual velocity (VPFO) during treadmill ergometry...

In obese diabetic subjects, a correct life style, including diet and physical activity, is part of a correct intervention protocol. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training intervention, based on heart rate at aerobic gas exchange threshold (AerTge), on clinical and physiological parameters in obese elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes (OT2DM). Thirty OT2DM subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). The IG performed a supervised aerobic exercise training based on heart rate at AerTge whereas CG maintained their usual lifestyle...

Incremental tests on a treadmill are used to evaluate endurance athletes; however, no criterion exists to determine the intensity at which to start the test, potentially causing the loss of the first lactate threshold. This study aimed to determine the ideal speed for runners to start incremental treadmill tests. The study consisted of 94 runners who self-reported the average speed from their last competitive race (10-42.195 km) and performed an incremental test on a treadmill. The speeds used during the first three test stages were normalised in percentages of average competition speed and blood lactate concentration was analysed at the end of each stage...

AIMS: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exercise training is recommended to improve glycemic control. Electrical myostimulation (EMS) of skeletal muscles is a new method to increase exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EMS in T2DM on glucose metabolism, body composition, and exercise performance using a newly designed stimulation suit that involves trunk, leg, and arm muscles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen individuals (nine males; 61...

INTRODUCTION: Physical exercise is a key modulator of the maximum fat oxidation rate (MFO). However, the metabolic transition zones in the MFO-exercise relationship are not generally considered for training prescription. Objective. To examine the effects of training in different metabolic transition zones on the kinetics of MFO and its localization (Fatmax) in young physically active men. METHODS: 97 men were divided into 4 similar sized groups, 3 experimental groups and a control group (CG)...

UNLABELLED: Background : Exercise-induced arterial hypertension (EIAH) leads to myocardial hypertrophy and is associated with a poor prognosis. EIAH might be related to the "cardiac fatigue" caused by endurance training. The goal of this study was to examine whether there is any relationship between EIAH and left ventricular hypertrophy in Ironman-triathletes. METHODS: We used echocardiography and spiroergometry to determine the left ventricular mass (LVM), the aerobic/anaerobic thresholds and the steady-state blood pressure of 51 healthy male triathletes...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between overall physical workload (global positioning systems [GPS]/accelerometer) measures and injury risk in elite Australian football players (n = 46) during a season. Workload data and (intrinsic) injury incidence were monitored across preseason and in-season (18 matches) phases. Multiple regression was used to compare cumulative (1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-weekly loads) and absolute change (from previous-to-current week) in workloads between injured and uninjured players for all GPS/accelerometer-derived variables: total distance, V1 distance (total distance above individual's aerobic threshold speed), sprint distance, force load, velocity load, and relative velocity change...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between overall physical workload (GPS/accelerometer) measures and injury risk in elite Australian football players (n=46) during a season. Workload data and (intrinsic) injury incidence was monitored across pre-season and in-season (18 matches) phases. Multiple regression was used to compare cumulative (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-weekly loads) and absolute change (from previous-to-current week) in workloads between injured and uninjured players for all GPS/accelerometer-derived variables: total distance; V1 distance (total distance above individual's aerobic threshold speed); sprint distance; force load; velocity load and relative velocity change...

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have shown an inverse relationship between cardio-respiratory fitness and cardio-metabolic risk markers in normal-weight to moderately obese subjects. However, whether such a relationship exists in severely obese subjects is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cardio-respiratory fitness was measured by bicycle spiroergometry in 308 severely obese women (all BMI>35 kg/m(2)). The following cardio-metabolic risk markers were assessed: Glycolized hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), fasting glucose, insulin, calculated HOMA index, triglycerides (TG), total, low-, high-density cholesterol (Chol, LDL; HDL), Chol/HDL-Ratio, and uric acid...

AIM OF THE STUDY: Regular physical activity has found to be a strategy to increase exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Next to endurance training also electromyostimulation (EMS) of thigh and gluteal muscles results in an increased capacity in CHF patients. EMS therapy was either done by stimulating 8 major muscle groups involving also trunk and arm muscles (extended electromyostimulation (exEMS)) in comparison to EMS therapy limited to gluteal and leg muscles (limEMS)...

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of the aerobic and glycolytic systems during an incremental exercise test (IET). Ten male recreational long-distance runners performed an IET consisting of three-minute incremental stages on a treadmill. The fractions of the contributions of the aerobic and glycolytic systems were calculated for each stage based on the oxygen uptake and the oxygen energy equivalents derived by blood lactate accumulation, respectively. Total metabolic demand (WTOTAL) was considered as the sum of these two energy systems...

AIM: To verify the usefulness of current recommended level of target exercise heart rate (HR) and of different HR-based methods for calculating target HR in patients with and without beta-blocker treatment. METHODS: We studied 53 patients not treated with beta-blocker and 159 patients on beta-blocker treatment. All patients underwent a maximal exercise test with gas analysis, and first ventilatory threshold (VT1 or aerobic threshold), second ventilatory threshold (VT2 or anaerobic threshold), time of exercise, maximum load, metabolic parameters, HR at rest (HRrest), HRpeak, HR at VT1 (HRVT1) and at VT2 (HRVT2), and 75, 80, and 85% of HRmax (HR75%, HR80%, HR85%) were calculated...

Exercise prescribed according to relative intensity is a routine feature in the exercise science literature and is intended to produce an approximately equivalent exercise stress in individuals with different absolute exercise capacities. The traditional approach has been to prescribe exercise intensity as a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) or maximum heart rate (HRmax) and these methods remain common in the literature. However, exercise intensity prescribed at a %VO2max or %HRmax does not necessarily place individuals at an equivalent intensity above resting levels...