Urinary tract infection in childrens

BACKGROUND: Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) describes a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations. Posterior urethral valves (PUV) represent the most common entity. Familial occurrence has been described, suggestive of underlying genetic factors. LUTO can occur in various degrees of severity. In severe forms, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and renal damage can occur resulting in high pre- and postnatal mortality. On the contrary, mild forms may become apparent through recurrent urinary tract infections...

Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pediatric bacterial infections and consequently a major reason for antibiotic treatment. Despite being a global problem, antimicrobial resistance is often geographically heterogeneous. Thus, it is fundamental to know local epidemiology and practice frequent surveillance of each hospital's antibiograms. The aims of this study are to determine the local antimicrobial resistance profile in pediatric UTIs, to understand its evolution over 14 years, and finally, to infer if the currently instituted antibiotic empirical therapy remains effective...

BACKGROUND: Maximum voided volumes (MVV) and maximum bladder capacities (MBC) are important parameters in the evaluation of lower urinary tract functions in children. However, consistency of MVV and MBC measurements between voiding diary (VD), uroflowmetry (UF) and cystometrography (CMG) in children with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) has not been addressed specifically. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the MVV in VD and UF and MBC in CMG in children with non-neurogenic LUT dysfunction and investigate for possible factors for discrepancies...

Children with a neurogenic bladder are at risk of developing recurrent urinary tract infections and long-term kidney failure. Due to an altered lower urinary tract, children may be overtreated for simple bacteriuria or undertreated for a potentially severe urinary tract infection. This group of patients represent high users of healthcare, and are at risk of colonization and development of antibiotic resistance. Bladder washouts with non-antibiotic electrochemically activated solutions are a potential new prophylactic option for patients with bladder dysfunction when clean intermittent catheterization has resulted in chronic bacteriuria...

Overactive bladder (OAB) is the most common voiding dysfunction in children; however, nonneurogenic or idiopathic OAB remains poorly studied. First-line treatment includes conservative measures; however, as many patients are refractory, have adverse effects, or are contraindicated for anticholinergics, new options must be explored. This review covers the use of intravesical botulinum toxin (BoNT) for idiopathic OAB treatment in children, emphasizing its efficacy, safety, differences between toxins, doses, and injection techniques...

QUESTION: An 8-month-old boy presented to our clinic with a 3-day history of fever. He has had a cough and rhinorrhea since the onset of the fever, and his 4-year-old sibling has recently had cough and cold symptoms. I have heard that the presence of respiratory symptoms means that urinary tract infection (UTI) is less likely. In infants with fever and respiratory symptoms, who should have a sample collected for urinalysis for UTI? ANSWER: The approach to diagnosing febrile infants who have respiratory symptoms varies by age...

A prompt diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) is necessary to minimize its symptoms and limit sequelae. The current UTI screening by urine test strip analysis and microscopic examination has suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. A definitive diagnosis of UTI by urine culture takes two to three days for the results. These limitations necessitate a need for better biomarkers for the diagnosis and subsequent management of UTI in children. Here, we review the value of currently available UTI biomarkers and highlight the potential of emerging biomarkers that can facilitate a more rapid and accurate UTI diagnosis...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are very limited data on the rate of urinary tract infections (UTI), bacteremia, and meningitis in preterm infants with fever. Many of the studies on the incidence of these infections excluded preterm infants. This study compared the rate of these infections in preterm infants born at 32-36 weeks to term infants born at 37-42 weeks. METHODS: A multicenter observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate rates of UTI, bacteremia, and meningitis in term and preterm infants 8-60 days of age with a diagnosis of fever from 2016 through 2022 using encounter data from children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System...

AIM: To provide a comprehensive description of the clinical features, biochemical characteristics, and outcomes of infants up to 90 days old with COVID-19. Moreover, to assess the severity of the disease and propose an effective management pathway. METHODS: Retrospective single-center study spanning three years. Patient data includes age, sex, symptoms, comorbidities, blood and urine test results, cultures, admission, length of stay, therapies, intensive care unit admission, and mortality...

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a fluoroscopic technique that allows the assessment of the urinary tract, including the urethra, bladder, and-if vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is present-the ureters and the pelvicalyceal systems. The technique also allows for the assessment of bladder filling and emptying, providing information on anatomical and functional aspects. VCUG is, together with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (VUS), still the gold standard test to diagnose VUR and it is one of the most performed fluoroscopic examinations in pediatric radiology departments...

RATIONALE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced septic arthritis is a relatively uncommon phenomenon. It has been documented in children with traumatic wounds, young adults with a history of intravenous drug use, and elderly patients with recent urinary tract infections or surgical procedures. PATIENT CONCERNS: Fifty-nine year-old female had no reported risk factors. The patient sought medical attention due to a 6-month history of persistent pain and swelling in her right ankle...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of Acinetobacter species in the last 5 years, the clinical diseases caused by the pathogen, the possible risk factors for infection, and the resistance pattern of the microorganism in our quaternary-care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 67 pediatric cases infected with Acinetobacter species in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2021 were analyzed. Demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed...

Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect between 3% to 7.5% of the febrile pediatric population each year, being one of the most common bacterial infections in pediatrics. Nevertheless, there is no consensus in the medical literature regarding the duration of per oral (p.o.) antibiotic therapy for UTI among these patients. Therefore, our meta-analysis aims to assess the most effective therapy length in this scenario. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing short (≤ 5 days) with long-course (≥ 7 days) per os (p...

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, as well as urinary infections, are very frequent in children. After the clinical and laboratory evaluation, the first imaging procedure to be done is a renal and bladder ultrasound, but afterwards, a main contribution comes from nuclear medicine. Through minimally invasive and sedation-free procedures, nuclear medicine allows the evaluation of the functional anatomy of the urinary tract, and the quantification of renal function and drainage. If pediatric dosage cards provided by scientific societies are used, radiation exposure can also be low...

Many ventilator-dependent children have comorbid conditions including urinary tract disorders. We aimed to present a focused review of the literature describing the causes and management of urinary system problems in children with long-term home mechanical ventilation. We performed a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords "children," "home mechanical ventilation," "urinary system," "urinary tract," "neurogenic bladder," "clean intermittent catheterization," "urinary tract infection," "urolithiasis," and "acute kidney injury...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with trisomy 13 have multiple malformations, including urological anomalies, and severe cognitive and psychomotor disabilities. We conducted a ureteroureterostomy for a mid-ureteral stricture due to a retroiliac ureter in a patient with trisomy 13. CASE PRESENTATION: A 6-month-old girl with trisomy 13 developed a urinary tract infection. Computed tomography for assessing recurrent urinary tract infection revealed a left mid-ureteral stricture due to the retroiliac ureter...

AIM: To identify predictive variables and construct a predictive model along with a decision algorithm to identify nephrourological malformations (NUM) in children with febrile urinary tract infections (fUTI), enhancing the efficiency of imaging diagnostics. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients aged <16 years with fUTI at the Emergency Department with subsequent microbiological confirmation between 2014 and 2020. The follow-up period was at least 2 years...

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as Ritter's disease, in its severe form occurs predominantly in infants and children. It is caused by infection with group II (often phage group 71) Staphylococcus aureus. The foci of infection include nasopharynx, less commonly umbilicus, urinary tract, superficial abrasion, conjunctivae, and blood. Staphylococci are non-motile, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci that appear predominantly as grape-like clusters. Although this organism is frequently a part of normal human microbial flora, it can cause significant opportunistic infections under certain conditions such as when extremes of age groups are involved, the presence of indwelling medical devices, and intravenous (iv) drug abuse...

Non-specific symptoms and difficulty in collecting urine specimens make the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) challenging in children. However, timely diagnosis and initiation of therapy are essential to prevent complications. Children with recurrent UTIs require detailed evaluation and follow-up for optimal management. We report key updates from the revised evidence-based practice guidelines of the Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology for UTIs and primary vesicoureteric reflux.

INTRODUCTION: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children is a very common problem managed in pediatric urology. In this study, we present the prevalence of NE in children in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of NE among 555 Saudi children aged 5-15 years in Aseer region in Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done through a questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic data, personal knowledge, enuresis-related characteristics, risk factors, and management modalities...