Down syndrome AND swimming

BACKGROUND: Bladder-related pain symptoms in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) are often accompanied by depression and memory deficits. Magnesium deficiency contributes to neuroinflammation and is associated with pain, depression, and memory deficits. Neuroinflammation is involved in the mechanical allodynia of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Magnesium-L-Threonate (L-TAMS) supplementation can attenuate neuroinflammation. This study aimed to determine whether and how L-TAMS influences mechanical allodynia and accompanying depressive symptoms and memory deficits in CYP-induced cystitis...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome. Network-based analysis implemented by SWIM software can be exploited to identify key molecular switches - called "switch genes" - for the disease. Genes contributing to common biological processes or defining given cell types are usually co-regulated and co-expressed, forming expression network modules. Consistently, we found that the COPD correlation network built by SWIM consists of three well-characterized modules: one populated by switch genes, all up-regulated in COPD cases and related to the regulation of immune response, inflammatory response, and hypoxia (like TIMP1, HIF1A, SYK, LY96, BLNK and PRDX4); one populated by well-recognized immune signature genes, all up-regulated in COPD cases; one where the GWAS genes AGER and CAVIN1 are the most representative module genes, both down-regulated in COPD cases...

Importance: Astronauts on International Space Station missions demonstrate adverse neuro-ocular changes. Reversing a negative translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) by modulating cerebral blood flow, decreasing intracranial pressure, or increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) has been proposed as potential intervention for spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Objective: To examine whether exercise (resistance, moderate-intensity aerobic, and high-intensity aerobic) or artificially increasing IOP is associated with modulated cerebro-ocular hemodynamic and pressure changes during head-down tilt (HDT), an analogue of spaceflight, in healthy adults...

Epilepsy is a neuronal dysfunction syndrome characterized by transient and diffusely abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain. Previous studies have shown that mutations in the syntaxin 1b ( stx1b ) gene cause a familial, fever-associated epilepsy syndrome. It is unclear as to whether the stx1b gene also correlates with other stimulations such as flashing and/or mediates the effects of antiepileptic drugs. In this study, we found that the expression of stx1b was present mainly in the brain and was negatively correlated with seizures in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure zebrafish model...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Shangjuxu" (ST 37, Lower Confluent point) and "Tianshu" (ST 25, Front-Mu point) on visceral pain and expression of colonic tryptase(Try), proteinase-activated receptor 2(PAR-2)，transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TPRV 1)，substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of IBS...

BACKGROUND: Proper patterning of dendritic and axonal arbors is a critical step in the formation of functional neuronal circuits. Developing circuits rely on an array of molecular cues to shape arbor morphology, but the underlying mechanisms guiding the structural formation and interconnectivity of pre- and postsynaptic arbors in real time remain unclear. Here we explore how Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) differentially shapes the dendritic morphology of central neurons and their presynaptic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the developing vertebrate visual system...

Class B scavenger receptors (SRBs), which are present in mammals and insects, have been implicated in a wide range of functions. Herein, a novel SRB homologue, PtSRB, was cloned from the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. PtSRB has 538 amino acid residues, and it consists of two transmembrane regions, a large extracellular loop, and two intracellular tails. A phylogenetic analysis showed that PtSRB distinctly clustered with Marsupenaeus japonicas SRB-1 and most Drosophila SRB homologues, including Croquemort, Peste, NinaD, and Santa Maria, but was separate from the Drosophila sensory neuron membrane protein, MjSRB-2, and all vertebrate SRBs...

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can suffer from psychological disorders, among which depression is the most commonly diagnosed. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear. The aims of the present study were to investigate the behaviors of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mice, the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on mouse behaviors, and the underlying mechanism. Prepubertal C57BL/6 mice (25 days of age) were divided into four groups and injected daily with the vehicle sesame oil or DHEA on the normal chow or a 60% HFD for 20 consecutive days...

BACKGROUND: Fragile X Syndrome is the leading monogenetic cause of autism and most common form of intellectual disability. Previous studies have implicated changes in dendritic spine architecture as the primary result of loss of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), but recent work has shown that neural proliferation is decreased and cell death is increased with either loss of FMRP or overexpression of FMRP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loss of FMRP on behavior and cellular activity...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Chang'an No. I Recipe (CA) on 5-hydroxytryptamine signal system and mRNA expression levels of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in visceral hypersensitivity model rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: IBS visceral hypersensitivity rat models were established by combined chronic restraint stress and forced swimming. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Dicetelgroup (27 mg/kg) , the Fluoxetine group (3...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Qibaipingfei Capsule (QPC) on the expressions of calcineurin (CaN) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c3 (NFATc3) of rat models with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the possible mechanism underlying the intervention of QPC in pulmonary vascular remodeling of COPD. METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a positive group of nifedipine, a high dose group, a middle dose group and a low dose group of QPC...

Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent human birth defects. Genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of deafness. It is estimated that one-third of deafness genes have already been identified. The current work is an attempt to find novel genes relevant to hearing loss using guilt-by-profiling and guilt-by-association bioinformatics analyses of approximately 80 known non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss (NSHL) genes. Among the 300 newly identified candidate deafness genes, slc26a2 were selected for functional studies in zebrafish...

The Toll signaling pathway is one of the most important regulators of the immune response in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Herein, three novel Toll (PtToll1-3) cDNA sequences were cloned from the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. PtToll1 has 1003 amino acid residues and consists of an extracellular domain containing 15 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and a cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of 139 residues. PtToll2 encodes 1196 peptides, with an extracellular domain containing 28 LRRs and a cytoplasmic TIR domain...

The Seipin gene was originally found to be responsible for type 2 congenital lipodystrophy and involved in lipid droplet formation. Seipin is highly expressed in the central nervous system as well. Seipin mutations have been identified in motor neuron diseases such as Silver syndrome and spastic paraplegia. In this study, we generated neuron-specific seipin knockout mice (seipin-nKO) to investigate the influence of seipin deficiency on locomotion and affective behaviors. In comparison with control mice, 8-week-old male seipin-nKO mice, but not female mice, displayed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as assessed by open-field, elevated plus-maze, forced swim and tail suspension tests...

PURPOSE: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may be at heightened risk for stroke due to a combination of physiological conditions and lifestyle choices. There remains a lack of information regarding the effectiveness of exercise training on individuals with DS post-stroke. This case report describes the effects of a comprehensive exercise program on an individual with DS who had sustained a stroke. METHOD: A 20-year-old male with DS recovering from a left hemorrhagic stroke 18 months previous underwent a 12-week land and water-based program 60 minutes/session, 5 sessions/week...

Western diet rich in cholesterol and sucrose with decreased physical activity cause overweight and metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming on the cardiac adiponectin mRNA expression in high cholesterol and fructose fed rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats divided into 2 equal groups. First group - control, that was fed with chow diet for 15 weeks. Second group was fed with high cholesterol and fructose diet (HCFD) for 15 weeks. Ten rats from both groups performed swimming during the last 4 weeks...

Based on social-learning and self-determination motivational theories, the purpose of this study was to determine the sources of motivation in youth and young adults with intellectual disability (ID) who participate in Special Olympics (SO) competitions and those of typically developed (TD) age- and activity-matched athletes. A convenience sample of 63 SO (25 females and 38 males) and 59 TD (16 females and 43 males) athletes was retrieved through communication with local club coaches. Three sub-groups of SO athletes were identified based on disability, including non specified intellectual disability (NSID=39), Down syndrome (DS=17), and Autism (Aut=7)...

This study examined the differences in intracycle velocity variation and arm coordination in front crawl in swimmers with Down syndrome in three breathing conditions. International swimmers with Down syndrome (N = 16) performed 3 × 20 m front crawl at 50 m race speed: without breathing, breathing to the preferred side, and breathing to the nonpreferred side. A two dimensional video movement analysis was performed using the APASystem. Breathing conditions were compared using Repeated Measures ANOVA. Swimming velocity was higher without breathing and intracyclic velocity variation was higher while breathing...

BACKGROUND: A number of epidemiological studies have established a link between insulin resistance and the prevalence of depression. The occurrence of depression was found to precede the onset of diabetes and was hypothesized to be associated with inherited inter-related insufficiency of the peripheral and central insulin receptors. Recently, dicholine succinate, a sensitizer of the neuronal insulin receptor, was shown to stimulate insulin-dependent H2O2 production of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leading to an enhancement of insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons...

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acupuncture on blood oxygen free radical metabolism in rats with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 10), model group (n = 10) and acupuncture group (n = 10). CFS model was established by repeated suspension (1.0-2.5 h) and forced cold water swimming (7 min), once daily continuously for 12 days. For rats in the acupuncture group, bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) were stimulated by manipulating the acupuncture needles intermittently for 20 min, once daily, and with 7 days being a treatment course...