Multifocal

IMPORTANCE: Quality of vision after multifocal intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation in relation to patient satisfaction. It is important to include the evaluation of visual quality and patient satisfaction in clinical practice. BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare quality of life and patient satisfaction after implantation of three types of diffractive- refractive and apodized-diffractive bifocal and trifocal multifocal IOLs. DESIGN: Comparative, prospective, case series, randomized PARTICIPANTS: 104 eyes of 52 patients METHODS: 104 eyes of 52 patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery with bilateral implantation of one of three multifocal IOLs: AT LISA 809M (Carl Zeiss Meditec) (AT LISA group, 38 eyes), AT LISAtri 839MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec) (AT LISAtri group, 32 eyes), and ReSTOR SN6AD1 (Alcon) (ReSTOR group, 34 eyes)...

Although the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), was isolated almost a half century ago, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing its biology remains highly elusive. JCV infects oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and causes a fatal brain disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised individuals including AIDS. It has a small circular DNA genome (∼ 5 kb) and generates two primary transcripts from its early and late coding regions, producing several predicted alternatively spliced products mainly by cis-splicing...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of valproic acid (VPA) treatment in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: A total of 48 eyes of 24 patients (13 males, 11 females) with RP prescribed VPA were included. The length of VPA treatment was 6-12 months (mean 9.4 months). Parameters evaluated were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), visual field analyses (VFAs) with Humprey automated perimetry, multifocal electroretinography (ERG) with Roland-RETI scan, and VPA side effects...

In the era of big data, there exists a growing gap between data generated and storage capacity using two-dimensional (2D) magnetic storage technologies (for example, hard disk drives), because they have reached their performance saturation. 3D volumetric all-optical magnetic holography is emerging rapidly as a promising road map to realizing high-density capacity for its fast magnetization control and subwavelength magnetization volume. However, most of the reported light-induced magnetization confronts the problems of impurely longitudinal magnetization, diffraction-limited spot, and uncontrollable magnetization reversal...

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a malignant B-cell neoplasm, which comprises monomorphic and small- to medium-sized mantle zone-derived lymphoid cells. It is characterized by chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) and CCND1 truncation, resulting in cell cycle deregulation. It is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a propensity to present with extranodal involvement. This study shows the case of an 80-year-old Caucasian male who complained of a 2-month progressive swelling on the right side of his face...

Confocal fluorescence microscopy is often used in brain imaging experiments, however conventional confocal microscopes are limited in their field of view, working distance, and speed for high resolution imaging. We report here the development of a novel high resolution, high speed, long working distance, and large field of view confocal fluorescence microscope (H(2)L(2)-CFM) with the capability of multi-region and multifocal imaging. To demonstrate the concept, a 0.5 numerical aperture (NA) confocal fluorescence microscope is prototyped with a 3 mm × 3 mm field of view and 12 mm working distance, an array of 9 beams is scanned over the field of view in 9 different regions to speed up the acquisition time by a factor of 9...

Multifocal spots in high numerical-aperture (NA) objectives has emerged as a rapid, parallel, and multi-location method in a multitude of applications. However, the typical method used for forming three-dimensional (3D) multifocal spots based on iterative algorithms limits the potential applications. We demonstrate a non-iterative method using annular subzone phases (ASPs) that are composed of many annular subareas in which phase-only distributions with different 3D displacements are filled. The dynamic 3D multifocal spots with controllable position of each focal spot in the focal volume of the objective are created using the ASPs...

This longitudinal single-center study describes the timing and risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) disease in women after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Between 1994 and 2014, 109 females underwent HCT of whom 82 surviving transplant for >1 year had regular, comprehensive genital tract assessment and treatment of HPV disease. The cumulative proportions of any genital HPV infection at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 years were 4.8%, 14.9%, 28.1%, 36.7% and 40.9%, respectively. Demographic, disease-related factors, chronic GvHD (cGvHD) and its treatment were analyzed for their association with persistent, multifocal or severe genital HPV disease...

To examine changes in anti-JC Virus (JCV) index measurements over time in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to better understand this test, which is used in assessing risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with natalizumab. We aim to describe and compare seroconversion rates, variability of JCV antibody index values, and changes in index values over time between patients on natalizumab therapy and patients naïve to natalizumab. Anti-JCV index values are used to help decide whether to start, continue, or stop treatment...

Small fibre neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting thinly myelinated Aδ-fibres and unmyelinated C-fibres. Although multiple causes of small nerve fibre degeneration have been reported, including via genetic mutations, the cause of small fibre neuropathy remains unknown in up to 50% of cases. The typical clinical presentation of small fibre neuropathy is that of a symmetrical, length-dependent polyneuropathy associated with sensory or autonomic symptoms. More rarely, the clinical presentation is characterised by non-length-dependent, focal, or multifocal symptoms...

Screening out patients who do not require immediate surgery is a growing trend in the field of thyroid research. In this study, we retrospectively compared the application of two surveillance selection criteria in 1001 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC): low-risk PTMC characteristics defined by Kuma Hospital and CATO consensus on PTMC management of active surveillance. Treatment outcomes were compared between groups. We then analyzed the prognostic indicators of patients who could be managed by surveillance...

We present a case of a 57-year-old man who presented with progressive cerebellar dysarthria and cerebellar ataxia. Additional investigations confirmed the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the posterior fossa. This is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, caused by an opportunistic infection with John Cunningham virus. PML has previously been considered a lethal condition, but because of careful monitoring of patients with HIV and of patients using immunosuppressive drugs it is discovered in earlier stages and prognosis can be improved...

Lymphodepletion chemotherapy followed by infusion of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells can be complicated by neurologic adverse events (AE) in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. In 133 adults treated with CD19 CAR-T cells, we found that acute lymphoblastic leukemia, high CD19(+) cells in bone marrow, high CAR-T cell dose, cytokine release syndrome, and preexisting neurologic comorbidities were associated with increased risk of neurologic AEs. Patients with severe neurotoxicity demonstrated evidence of endothelial activation, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, capillary leak, and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability...

Background Maculopathy is a potential side effect of amyl nitrite or "poppers" abuse. It is characterized by a sudden, painless decrease in visual acuity. While the funduscopic changes are subtle, optical coherence tomography shows alterations of the outer retinal layers in the fovea. However, the extent of retinal dysfunction remains poorly understood. Materials/Methods We compared the multifocal electroretinogram of 6 patients with poppers maculopathy to that of a control group consisting of 6 healthy subjects...

Purpose To analyse the optical quality of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different near additions in a laboratory study. Methods We analysed the AcrySof(®) IQ ReSTOR(®) + 2.5 D SV25T0 (Alcon Laboratories inc., Fort Worth, USA), the AcrySof(®) IQ ReSTOR(®) + 3.0 D SN6AD1 (Alcon, USA) and the TECNIS(®) ZMA00 and ZMB00 (Abbott Medical Optics, USA) with a power of 21D for the distance, using the OptiSpheric(®) IOL PRO optical bench (TRIOPTICS, Wedel, Germany). The lenses have a similar optical design but different near additions: The ReSTOR + 2...

Introduction Retinal development is a complex process that can continue into early childhood and beyond. Prematurity can affect the maturation of the central retina, characterised by a flatter foveal pit and overlying inner retinal layers (IRL), leading to a disturbed ratio of outer retinal layers to IRL ("macular developmental arrest": MDA) and functional impairment (Bowl et al. 2016 18). The purpose of this study was to correlate functional results by electrophysiology with the morphological appearance of the fovea in children with spontaneously regressed and without ROP and term-born age-matched controls...

A 24-year-old Caucasian woman referred to us due to the modification of a congenital skin lesion in her right scapular area over the past 10 months. Physical examination disclosed multiple blue/whitish nodules arising on a bluish oval plaque, 6 cm in maximum diameter (fig. 1). The patient's personal and family medical history were unremarkable and negative for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The entire lesion was totally excised. Microscopy revealed a multifocal dermal proliferation of fusiform and dendritic melanocytes arranged in irregular nodules characterized by many individual foci with the histologic appearance of common blue nevus involving the reticular dermis (fig...

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is not standard of care. However, nodal involvement for DCIS patients is reported. Aim of our study was to identify preoperative features predictive of nodal involvement in DCIS patients. We have retrospectively reviewed 175 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS following a vacuum-assisted breast biopsy, and undergoing surgery with sentinel node biopsy. Variables distribution was compared between patients upstaged to invasive cancer at final pathology and patients with a confirmed DCIS, and between positive vs negative sentinel node patients...

De novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post-transplantation in patients without viral hepatitis is extremely rare, with only three reported adult cases in the English literature. Here, we present a case of de novo HCC that developed in a 7-year-old female, who at 8 months of age received a liver, small bowel, spleen, and pancreas transplantation 6.5 years ago for gastroschisis and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-related cirrhosis. The post-transplant course was complicated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and subsequent development of multifocal EBV-associated post-transplant smooth muscle tumors (EBV-PTSMT) in the small bowel 1 year and 10 months after transplantation, respectively...

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the effect of plasma exchange (PLEX, yes=PLEX+, no=PLEX-) and steroids administration timing (prophylactically -proST- or therapeutically -therST-) on the longitudinal clinical course of patients with natalizumab related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and full blown immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS). METHODS: Clinical and radiological data of 42 Italian patients with PML were analyzed. Patient's data are available until 12 months after PML diagnosis...