status epileptic

In the case of suspicion of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), reactivity on electroencephalograms (EEGs) can provide valuable diagnostic information. Reactivity refers to responses to auditory or somatosensory stimulation, with changes in amplitude and frequency of background activity. Because of self-perpetuating processes and the failure of self-terminating mechanisms, status epilepticus is unlikely to cease when patients spontaneously move, and it cannot typically be stopped by external stimulation (i...

OBJECTIVE: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are complex clinical manifestations and misdiagnosis as status epilepticus remains high, entailing deleterious consequences for patients. Video-electroencephalography (vEEG) remains the gold-standard method for diagnosing PNES. However, time and economic constraints limit access to vEEG, and clinicians lack fast and reliable screening tools to assist in the differential diagnosis with epileptic seizures (ES). This study aimed to design and validate the PNES-DSC, a clinically based PNES diagnostic suspicion checklist with adequate sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) to discriminate PNES from ES...

The gut microbiota is altered in epilepsy and is emerging as a potential target for new therapies. We studied the effects of rifaximin, a gastrointestinal tract-specific antibiotic, on seizures and neuropathology and on alterations in the gut and its microbiota in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Epilepsy was induced by intra-amygdala kainate injection causing status epilepticus (SE) in C57Bl6 adult male mice. Sham mice were injected with vehicle. Two cohorts of SE mice were fed a rifaximin-supplemented diet for 21 days, starting either at 24 h post-SE (early disease stage) or at day 51 post-SE (chronic disease stage)...

BACKGROUND: It is well established that epileptic disorders are associated with a wide range of psychosocial issues that overburden the affected individuals and limit their lifestyle. This study aimed to determine the commonalities between depression and anxiety symptoms among patients with epilepsy (PWE). In addition, we assessed whether depression and anxiety rates varied depending on factors related to the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and March 2022 among all PWE at Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, and 147 patients who responded to the questionnaires were included for analysis (65...

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Despite various treatment approaches, a significant number of patients continue to experience uncontrolled seizures, leading to refractory epilepsy. The emergence of novel anti-epileptic drugs, such as perampanel (PER), has provided promising options for effective epilepsy treatment. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of PER remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in the downregulation of GluA2, a key subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, following epileptic seizures...

INTRODUCTION: The impact that vitamin D (vit D) has on a variety of medical conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular, oncological, and central nervous system disorders has been a topic of interest for many years now. It is well-known that vit D deficiency is substantially more common in epileptics than in healthy subjects. The current research was piloted to analyse the vit D levels of the blood in newborns with seizures, as well as mothers' vit D status included subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional examination was piloted at a tertiary care center, which had a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)...

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects many areas of patients' lives, including social competence. The aim of the study was to assess theory of mind in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and to investigate the demographic and clinical factors associated with this function. Methods: A total of 65 participants took part in the study, which included 44 patients with epilepsy and 21 demographically matched healthy individuals. The following neuropsychological tests were used to examine theory of mind: the Faux Pas Test, the Hinting Task, the Emotion Comprehension Test, and a cognitive function screen, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment...

OBJECTIVE: Relapse of epileptic spasms after initial treatment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is common. However, past studies of small cohorts have inconsistently linked relapse risk to etiology, treatment modality, and EEG features upon response. Using a large single-center IESS cohort, we set out to quantify the risk of epileptic spasms relapse and identify specific risk factors. METHODS: We identified all children with epileptic spasms at our center using a clinical EEG database...

UNLABELLED: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia due to deficient glycine cleavage enzyme activity causes a severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. Current therapies based on mitigating glycine excess have only limited impact. An animal model with postnatal phenotyping is needed to explore new therapeutic approaches. We developed a Gldc p.Ala394Val mutant model and bred it to congenic status in 2 colonies on C57Bl/6J (B6) and J129X1/SvJ (J129) backgrounds. Mutant mice had reduced P-protein and enzyme activity indicating a hypomorphic mutant...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal midazolam (in-MDZ) administration for antiseizure treatment in adults. METHODS: Embase and Medline literature databases were searched. We included randomized trials and cohort studies (excluding case series) of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) examining in-MDZ administration for epilepsy, epileptic seizures, or status epilepticus published in English between 1985 and 2022...

Recently, we showed that high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (hd-tDCS) can acutely reduce epileptic spike rates during and after stimulation in refractory status epilepticus (RSE), with a greater likelihood of patient discharge from the intensive care unit compared to historical controls. We investigate whether electroencephalographic (EEG) desynchronization during hd-tDCS can help account for observed anti-epileptic effects. Defining desynchronization as greater power in higher frequencies such as above 30 ​Hz ("gamma") and lesser power in frequency bands lower than 30 ​Hz, we analyzed 27 EEG sessions from 10 RSE patients who had received 20-minute session(s) of 2-milliamperes of transcranial direct current custom-targeted at the epileptic focus as previously determined by a clinical EEGer monitoring the EEG in real-time...

CLCN4-related disorder is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental condition with a pathogenic mechanism yet to be elucidated. CLCN4 encodes the vesicular 2Cl- /H+ exchanger ClC-4, and CLCN4 pathogenic variants frequently result in altered ClC-4 transport activity. The precise cellular and molecular function of ClC-4 remains unknown; however, together with ClC-3, ClC-4 is thought to have a role in the ion homeostasis of endosomes and intracellular trafficking. We reviewed our research database for patients with CLCN4 variants and epilepsy, and performed thorough phenotyping...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes among 46 children with SCN1A-related developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). METHODS: Clinical data of 46 children with DEE and SCN1A variants identified at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 2018 and June 2022 were collected. The children were grouped based on their age of onset, clinical manifestations, neurodevelopmental status, and results of genetic testing...

PURPOSE: Information on COVID-19 vaccine tolerance and complications in patients with epilepsy is not yet sufficient to provide a recommendation for vaccination guidelines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of COVID vaccines currently used in Turkey (mRNA vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech and inactivated vaccine from Sinovac) on epileptic seizures. METHODS: We included 318 patients with epilepsy who were admitted to our epilepsy outpatient clinic...

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) causes pervasive and progressive memory impairments, yet the specific circuit changes that drive these deficits remain unclear. To investigate how hippocampal-entorhinal dysfunction contributes to progressive memory deficits in epilepsy, we performed simultaneous in vivo electrophysiology in hippocampus (HPC) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of control and epileptic mice 3 or 8 weeks after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (Pilo-SE). We found that HPC synchronization deficits (including reduced theta power, coherence, and altered interneuron spike timing) emerged within 3 weeks of Pilo-SE, aligning with early-onset, relatively subtle memory deficits...

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to determine the effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercise, supported by mobile-based animation, on fatigue and sleep quality of individuals with epilepsy. MATERIAL-METHOD: The study was conducted in a randomized controlled design with a pretest-posttest model on epileptic individuals who applied to Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Outpatient Clinic between February and December 2022. By using power analysis, the sample of the study was determined as 60 epilepsy patients (30 in the Control Group, 30 in the Experimental Group)...

OBJECTIVE: To compare quantitative spectral parameters of visually-normal EEG between Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) patients and healthy controls (HC). METHOD: We enrolled 26 MTLE patients and 26 HC. From each recording we calculated total power of all frequency bands and determined alpha-theta (ATR) and alpha-delta (ADR) power ratios in different brain regions. Group-wise differences between spectral parameters were investigated (p < 0.05). To test for associations between spectral-power and cognitive status, we evaluated correlations between neuropsychological tests and quantitative EEG (qEEG) metrics...

OBJECTIVES: Acute confusional state (ACS) is a common cause of admission to the emergency department (ED). It can be related to numerous etiologies. Electroencephalography (EEG) can show specific abnormalities in cases of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), or metabolic or toxic encephalopathy. However, up to 80% of patients with a final diagnosis of NCSE have an ACS initially attributed to another cause. The exact place of EEG in the diagnostic work-up remains unclear. METHODS: Data of consecutive patients admitted to the ED for an ACS in a two-year period and who were referred for an EEG were collected...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hydrogen therapy on epileptic seizures in rats with refractory status epilepticus and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Status epilepticus was induced using pilocarpine. The effects of hydrogen treatment on epilepsy severity in model rats were then monitored using Racine scores and electroencephalography (EEG), followed by western blot of plasma membrane N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) and phosphorylated NR2B expression...

BACKGROUND: Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) is an element of the effective ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), exhibits a significant therapeutic effect in brain neuroprotection. The focus of this study was the examination of synaptic plasticity of in Mg2+-free-induced epileptic hippocampus neurons and how TSIIA protects against it. METHODS: The purity of the primary hippocampal neurons extracted from Sprague Dawley rats was assessed within 24 hours by microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) immunofluorescence staining...