Iodine defi

The strategy for the elimination of diseases associated with iodine deficiency throughout the Russian Federation is based on the adoption of a federal law providing for the use of iodized salt as a means of mass (population) iodine prophylaxis. Chronic iodine deficiency that exists in Russia leads to dramatic consequences: the development of mental and physical retardation in children, cretinism, thyroid diseases, and infertility. Under conditions of iodine deficiency, the risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in children in the event of nuclear disasters increases hundreds of times...

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the clinical, hormonal-metabolic and structural features of parathyroid injuries in sur-vivors exposed to ionizing radiation after the Chornobyl NPP accident in adulthood and childhood, both with theirconnections to other non-cancerous endocrine disorders, and to establish the respective interhormonal and dys-metabolic relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical effects of ionizing radiation on the endocrine system in persons affected by theChornobyl NPP accident (n = 224) and their descendants (n = 146), compared with the general population sample(n = 70) were the study object...

Advancing organohalide perovskite solar cells requires understanding of carrier dynamics. Electron-hole recombination is a particularly important process because it constitutes a major pathway of energy and current losses. Grain boundaries (GBs) are common in methylammonium lead iodine CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite polycrystalline films. First-principles calculations have suggested that GBs have little effect on the recombination; however, experiments defy this prediction. Using nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional theory, we show that GBs notably accelerate the electron-hole recombination in MAPbI3...

The advent of the iodine cycle incandescent lamp with its single coil filament has necessitated new approaches to the design of light projection systems. Older systems generally used planar or biplanar filament lamps which form a square or rectangular image upon projection that could be conveniently spread to the desired field size by conventional spread type fluted lenses. The single coil filament, especially if it is mounted axially to the reflector axis, will project an intense circular spot in the illuminated field which defies spreading or smoothing by conventional means...

OBJECTIVE: Because ciliary body melanoma often defies early diagnosis, and its treatment is controversial, we report our experience with the clinical presentation and management of ciliary body melanoma, treated with iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients with ciliary body melanoma treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy. METHODS: Electronic chart review of ciliary body melanoma patients treated at Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont...

UNLABELLED: Glial neoplasms of the human central nervous system have defied treatment, in part because of the limited selectivity of available cytotoxic agents. The thymidine analog 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine radiolabeled with the Auger electron emitter 125I (125IUdR) is highly toxic to dividing cells when it is deoxyribonucleic acid incorporated, but it is relatively innocuous when located outside the nucleus. Previous studies have shown that 125IUdR has significant antineoplastic potential against mammalian cells in vitro and direct administration of 125IUdR is effective therapy for ovarian ascites tumors in mice and neoplastic meningitis in rats...

Physical and biologic principles, availability, and experience in use determine which radiopharmaceuticals will be the optimal agents to portray scintigraphically thyroid cancers. However, clinical reasoning must dictate which scanning procedure to use and when. To identify functioning thyroid nodules, and thereby exclude malignancy and also disclose the source of excess thyroid hormone, technetium Tc 99m pertechnetate is the agent of choice. To evaluate patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) for possible radiopharmaceutical therapy, low doses (no more than and probably less than 74 MBq or 2 mCi) of 131I iodide are preferred...

Attempts to identify at an early stage of Graves' disease patients who will respond favorably to the various treatments available have been largely unsuccessful. However, all such studies have been based on the measurement of a single discriminant at a time, and in an attempt to improve predictive accuracy we have made use of multidimensional techniques which analyse several factors simultaneously. The overall accuracy in predicting the outcome in drug-treated patients, before treatment was started, was 79% ; in RAI treated patients 88 %...

Glial neoplasms of the human central nervous system are malignancies that have defied treatment. Part of the problem lies in the limitations of current diagnostic techniques which are unable to identify small collections of neoplastic glia within normal parenchyma and in the difficulty of sterilizing these tumors because of limited selectivity of the cytotoxic agents available. The thymidine analogue 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) radiolabeled with 123I and 125I was injected directly into an intracerebral rat 9L gliosarcoma and found to be a sensitive and specific agent for the detection of this neoplasm in rats...