Psy

OBJECTIVE: People with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at higher risk of cognitive impairment than those without CAD. Psychological stress is a risk factor for both conditions and assessing the hemodynamic reactivity to mental stress could explain the link between stress and cognitive function. METHODS: Individuals with stable CAD from two prospective cohort studies were included. All individuals underwent acute mental stress testing, as well as conventional stress testing...

INTRODUCTION: There is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding how perceived stress may influence the relationship between serum-measured biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. METHODS: This study consists of 1,118 older adult participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) (60% Black participants and 63% female participants). Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to examine the role of perceived stress in the association between three blood biomarkers: total tau (t-tau), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) on global cognitive decline...

Variability in hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes such as 2C19 and 2D6 may influence side-effect and efficacy outcomes for antipsychotics. Aripiprazole and risperidone are two commonly prescribed antipsychotics, metabolized primarily through CYP2D6. Here, we aimed to provide an overview of the effect of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 on side-effects of aripiprazole and risperidone, and expand on existing literature by critically examining methodological issues associated with pharmacogenetic studies. A PRISMA compliant search of six electronic databases (Pubmed, PsychInfo, Embase, Central, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) identified pharmacogenetic studies on aripiprazole and risperidone...

OBJECTIVE: People with functional somatic symptoms have difficulties in various stages of the emotion regulation (ER) process (1). As an adaptive and flexible use of ER strategies is a core tenet of emotional health, having difficulties in this area is often assumed to be the key mechanism behind functional somatic symptoms. Following a dimensional population-based sampling approach, we investigated emotion regulation abilities across a broad range of people and tested possible associations with somatic symptom reporting, habitual ER use as well as various subclinical constructs (such as alexithymia and anxiety)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric symptom worldwide, and the coexistence of MDD with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in clinical practice. However, gender differences in comorbid MetS in first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients have not been reported. Here, we explored potential gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1718 FEDN MDD patients was conducted...

OVERVIEW: Allostatic load represents the cumulative toll of chronic mobilization of the body's stress response systems, as indexed by biomarkers. Higher levels of stress and disadvantage predict higher levels of allostatic load, which, in turn, predict poorer physical and mental health outcomes. To maximize the efficacy of prevention efforts, screening for stress- and disadvantage-associated health conditions must occur before middle age-that is, during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Examine the independent associations and interaction between early-life adversity and residential ambient air pollution exposure on relative buccal telomere length (rBTL). METHODS: Experiences of abuse, neglect, household challenges, and related life events were identified in a cross-sectional sample of children ages 1-11 years (n = 197) using the 17-item Pediatric ACEs and Related Life Event Screener (PEARLS) tool. The PEARLS tool was analyzed both as a total score and across established domains (Maltreatment, Household Challenges, and Social Context)...

OBJECTIVE: An emerging literature suggests that sleep may play an important role in moderating the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adolescents. However, few if any studies have considered this topic among adults. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current study examined multiple sleep parameters as moderating variables in the association between discrimination and mental health problems among adults. METHODS: Participants were 874 adults residing in small towns and semi-rural contexts within the Southeastern region of the United States (Mage = 41 years, SD = 7; 57% female; 31% Black, 69% White; 52% income-to-needs <2)...

OBJECTIVE: The role of inflammation and neuroimmune mechanisms, which have been documented in various neuropsychiatric disorders including the seizure subtype of functional neurological disorder, remains unclear in functional movement disorders (FMD). To explore these mechanisms, we analyzed selected inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with FMD. METHODS: We compared CSF markers in 26 patients with clinically established FMD (20 females; mean (SD) age 43...

OBJECTIVE: Immigrant Latinas, particularly of Mexican descent, initially achieve healthy perinatal outcomes. Although this advantage wears off across generations in the United States (US), the early life psychosocial mechanisms that may initiate a cascade of biological vulnerabilities remain elusive. The current investigation aims to understand the extent to which childhood experiences of racism may contribute to elevated levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), an early indicator of cardiometabolic risk, during the first postpartum year...

OBJECTIVE: Prior work suggests psychological resilience to trauma may protect not only mental but also physical health. This study examined the relationship of pre-pandemic psychological resilience to lifetime trauma with self-reported COVID-19 infection and symptoms during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data are from 18,670 longitudinal cohort participants in the Nurses' Health Study II. Based on prior evidence that trauma and subsequent distress can increase infection risk and severity, and that psychological assets may offset this risk, we hypothesized higher versus lower psychological resilience to prior trauma would be associated with lower risk for COVID-19 infection...

OBJECTIVE: Stability in the timing of key daily routine behaviors such as working/doing housework, sleeping, eating, and engaging in social interactions (i.e., behavioral-social rhythms) contributes to health. This study examined whether behavioral-social rhythms were associated with CVD risk factors in retired night shift workers and retired day workers and explored whether past night shift work exposure moderated this association. METHODS: 154 retired older adults participated in this study...

BACKGROUND: Autophagy is a crucial process of cellular self-destruction and component reutilization that can affect the accumulation of total fatty acids (TFAs) and carotenoids in microalgae. The regulatory effects of autophagy process in a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and carotenoids simultaneously producing microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN, has not been studied. Thus, the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine (MA)) and activator (rapamycin) were used to regulate autophagy in Crypthecodinium sp...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Fruit ripening is controlled by internal factors such as hormones and genetic regulators, as well as external environmental factors. However, the impact of redox regulation on fruit ripening remains elusive. Here, we explored the effects of L-cysteine hydrochloride (LCH), an antioxidant, on tomato fruit ripening and elucidated the underlying mechanism. The application of LCH effectively delayed tomato fruit ripening, leading to the suppression of carotenoid and lycopene biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation, and a delayed respiration peak...

The formation of fruit color in pepper is closely related to the processes of carotenoid metabolism. In this study, red wild-type pepper XHB, SP01, PC01 and their corresponding mutants H0809 (orange), SP02 (yellow), and PC02 (orange) were used as research materials. The Ggps , Psy , Lcyb , Crtz , Zep , and Ccs genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were cloned, and bioinformatics and expression analyses were carried out. The results showed that the full lengths of the six genes were 1110 bp, 2844 bp, 1497 bp, 2025 bp, 510 bp, and 1497 bp, and they encoded 369, 419, 498, 315, 169, and 498 amino acids, respectively...

The structure and phylogeny of the Solanum tuberosum L. phytoene synthase genes StPSY1, StPSY2, and StPSY3 were characterized. Their expression was studied in potato seedlings exposed to cold stress in the dark phase of the diurnal cycle to simulate night cooling. All of the three genes were activated as the temperature decreased, and the greatest response was observed for StPSY1. StPSY3 was for the first time shown to respond to cold stress and photoperiod. A search for cis-regulatory elements was carried out in the promoter regions and 5'-UTRs of the StPSY genes, and the regulation of all three genes proved associated with the response to light...

OBJECTIVES: Abundant research has linked nightly sleep as an antecedent of daily psychosocial experiences; however, less is known about sleep's influence on daily expectations of these experiences. Therefore, this research examined the day-to-day associations of sleep quality, duration, and efficiency with next-day expectations for stress(ors) and positive experiences, as well as whether these expectations were related to end-of-day reports of physical symptoms. METHODS: In Study 1, U...