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Though facing significant challenges, coffee (Coffea arabica) grown in Haitian agroforestry systems are important contributors to rural livelihoods and provide several ecosystem services. However, little is known about their genetic diversity and the variety mixtures used. In light of this, there is a need to characterize Haitian coffee diversity to help inform revitalization of this sector. We sampled 28 diverse farms in historically important coffee growing regions of northern and southern Haiti. We performed KASP-genotyping of SNP markers and HiPlex multiplex amplicon sequencing for haplotype calling on our samples, as well as several Ethiopian and commercial accessions from international collections...

ConspectusCarbohydrates are called the third chain of life. Carbohydrates participate in many important biochemical functions in living species, and the biological information carried by them is several orders of magnitude larger than that of nucleic acids and proteins. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and heterogeneity of carbohydrate structures, furnishing pure and structurally well-defined glycans for functional studies is a formidable task, especially for homogeneous large-size glycans. To address this issue, we have developed a donor preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation strategy enabling multiple sequential glycosylations in a single reaction vessel...

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a global threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative approach and is highly suitable for the treatment of cutaneous bacterial infections through topical applications. aPDT relies on light-responsive compounds called photosensitizer (PS) dyes, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when induced by light, thereby killing bacterial cells. Despite several previous studies in this area, the molecular details of targeting and cell death mediated by PS dyes are poorly understood...

Employees' responses to diversity initiatives are critical to understand the effectiveness of such initiatives. However, prior research has largely considered the isolated effects of specific favorable or unfavorable employee responses (e.g., support or resistance) from a variable-centered perspective. This prior focus overlooks the potential (a) coexistence of more complex configurations of cognitive, affective, and behavioral response types within individuals and (b) the existence of subpopulations of employees who may respond both favorably and unfavorably, thus displaying ambivalence...

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Long waiting times in the emergency department (ED) is an increasing problem in the recent years and is expected to become an even bigger problem in the future Objective: We aimed to test the hypothesis whether increasing awareness of the time lapse with the treating physician, 2 hours after patient arrival, can reduce long patient turnaround time (TAT). METHOD: In this prospective single-center cohort study we compared and analyzed patient TAT in the ED before and after implementation of a so called 'traffic light' moment 2 hours after patient arrival...

This comprehensive review delves into the spectrum of adolescent gynecological problems, shedding light on the multifaceted challenges faced by individuals between the ages of 10 and 19. Covering normal developmental changes, common issues such as menstrual disorders, and the intricate interplay of psychosocial and cultural factors, the review provides a holistic understanding of adolescent gynecological health. Key findings underscore the importance of tailored education, destigmatizing reproductive health discussions, and recognizing the critical role of mental health in overall well-being...

In 1661, Robert Boyle published his Essay on Nitre . In this famous essay, the author of The Sceptical Chymist (1661) introduces and promotes his new Corpuscular Philosophy. Central to this paper was the so-called redintegration or reconstitution experiment with saltpeter. However, this article shows that Boyle borrowed this experiment from Johann Rudolph Glauber, who had given it an alchemical interpretation. By contrast, opening the way to modern chemistry, Boyle gave it a new interpretation within the conceptual framework of his own Mechanical Philosophy...

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and it significantly contributes to the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are marked variations in the incidence and mortality rates of HCC across different geographical regions. With the advent of new widely available treatment modalities, such as direct-acting antivirals, it is becoming increasingly imperative to understand the temporal and geographical trends in HCC mortality associated with Hepatitis C...

Prior research has identified both positive and negative consequences arising from the widespread integration of social media within the organizations. The present research suggests that upward social comparison (USC) in social media is related to psychological disengagement resulting in knowledge hiding and lower innovative behavior of individuals. It further suggests that mindfulness mitigates the impact of USC in social media. A two-wave longitudinal survey reveals that individuals who engage in comparative self-assessment with friends projecting an aura of unattainable success on social media unwittingly cause psychological disengagement, a phenomenon which, in turn, precipitates a palpable decline in their innovative behavior and rise in knowledge hiding...

In recent years, deep learning (DL) has shown great potential in the field of dermatological image analysis. However, existing datasets in this domain have significant limitations, including a small number of image samples, limited disease conditions, insufficient annotations, and non-standardized image acquisitions. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel framework called DermSynth3D. DermSynth3D blends skin disease patterns onto 3D textured meshes of human subjects using a differentiable renderer and generates 2D images from various camera viewpoints under chosen lighting conditions in diverse background scenes...

The study presents a comprehensive examination of changes in soil microbial functional diversity (hereafter called microbial activity) following the implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in urban areas. Utilizing the Biolog® EcoPlates™ technique, the study explored variations in microbial diversity in urban soil under NBSs implementation across timespan of two years. Significant differences in microbial activity were observed between control location and those with NBS implementations, with seasonal variations playing a crucial role...

We report experimental measurements of the second-order coherence function g^{(2)}(τ) of the light emitted by a laser-driven dense ensemble of ^{87}Rb atoms. We observe a clear departure from the Siegert relation valid for Gaussian chaotic light. Measuring intensity and first-order coherence, we conclude that the violation is not due to the emergence of a coherent field. This indicates that the light obeys non-Gaussian statistics, stemming from non-Gaussian correlations in the atomic medium. More specifically, the steady state of this driven-dissipative many-body system sustains high-order correlations in the absence of first-order coherence...

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a pivotal cellular mechanism responsible for the selective degradation of proteins, playing an essential role in proteostasis, protein quality control, and regulating various cellular processes, with ubiquitin marking proteins for degradation through a complex, multi-stage process. The shuttle proteins family is a very unique group of proteins that plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ddi1, Dsk2, and Rad23 are shuttle factors that bind ubiquitinated substrates and deliver them to the 26S proteasome...

Protein toxins are defense mechanisms and adaptations found in various organisms and microorganisms, and their use in scientific research as therapeutic candidates is gaining relevance due to their effectiveness and specificity against cellular targets. However, discovering these toxins is time-consuming and expensive. In silico tools, particularly those based on machine learning and deep learning, have emerged as valuable resources to address this challenge. Existing tools primarily focus on binary classification, determining whether a protein is a toxin or not, and occasionally identifying specific types of toxins...

BACKGROUND: The Indian Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched in 2014 with the goal to make India open defecation (OD) free by October 2019. Although it is known that the ambitious goal was not achieved, the nature of the sanitation change brought about by the SBM in different parts of India is poorly understood. One reason is a dearth of case studies that would shed light on the performance of the SBM simultaneously across its different domains. This article provides an example of such study...

Over the past few years, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted various impacts on the world, notably concerning mental health. Nevertheless, the precise influence of psychosocial stressors on this mental health crisis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employ natural language processing to examine chat text from a mental health helpline. The data was obtained from a chat helpline called Safe Hour from the "It Gets Better" project in Chile. This dataset encompass 10,986 conversations between trained professional volunteers from the foundation and platform users from 2018 to 2020...

Radiative balance, local climate, and human health are all significantly influenced by aerosol. Recent severe air pollution over Lahore, a city in Pakistan calls for more thorough research to determine the negative impacts brought on by too many aerosols. To study regional aerosol characteristics and their differences from various aspects, in-depth and long-term (2007-2020) investigations of the columnar aerosol properties over the urban environment of Lahore were carried out by using AERONET data. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD400 ) and Angstrom Exponent (AE400-870 ) vary from low values of 0...

BACKGROUND: Despite the current therapeutic treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, the mortality rate of lung cancer stays high. Regarding lung cancer, epigenetic modifications altering cell cycle, angiogenesis and programmed cancer cell death are therapeutic targets to combine with immunotherapy to improve treatment success. In a recent study, we uncovered that a molecule called QAPHA ((E)-3-(5-((2-cyanoquinolin-4-yl)(methyl)amino)-2-methoxyphenyl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide) has a dual function as both a tubulin polymerization and HDAC inhibitors...

Parasitic salmon lice (Lepeoptheirus salmonis) are a constraint to the sustainable growth of salmonids in open net pens, and this issue has caused production to level off in recent years in the most aquaculture-intensive areas of Norway. The maximum allowed biomass at a regional level is regulated by using the so-called "traffic light" system, where salmon louse-induced mortality of migrating wild salmon post-smolts is evaluated against set targets. As a case study, we have investigated how a specific aquaculture-intensive area can reduce its louse levels sufficiently to achieve a low impact on wild salmon...

BACKGROUND: Infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases and result in a major disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, especially in school-aged children. Improved diagnostic methods, especially for light intensity infections, are needed for efficient, control and elimination of STHs as a public health problem, as well as STH management. Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise for STH detection in digitized stool samples...