keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31083258/structural-and-functional-connectivity-of-ascending-reticular-activating-system-in-a-patient-with-impaired-consciousness-after-a-cardiac-arrest-a-case-report
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandra M Parra-Morales, Jorge Rudas, Jorge A Vargas, Francisco Gómez, Cesar O Enciso-Olivera, Diana Trujillo-Rodriguez, Darwin Martínez, José Hernandez, Edgar G Ordóñez-Rubiano, Jorge H Marín-Muñoz
RATIONALE: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), as well as resting-state-functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) are promising methods for assessing patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs). PATIENT CONCERNS: This work describes the main findings using DTI, DTT, and rsfMRI in a patient with a DOC secondary to an anoxic encephalopathy who had a fatal outcome. She was an 85-year-old woman who presented a cardiac arrest and underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 20 minutes then returning to spontaneous circulation...
May 2019: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30213445/surgical-treatment-and-prognosis-of-adult-patients-with-brainstem-gliomas
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krzysztof Majchrzak, Barbara Bobek-Billewicz, Anna Hebda, Henryk Majchrzak, Piotr Ładziński, Lech Krawczyk
The paper presents 47 adult patients who were surgically treated due to brainstem gliomas. Thirteen patients presented with contrast-enhancing Grades III and IV gliomas, according to the WHO classification, 13 patients with contrast-enhancing tumours originating from the glial cells (Grade I; WHO classification), 9 patients with diffuse gliomas, 5 patients with tectal brainstem gliomas and 7 patients with exophytic brainstem gliomas. During the surgical procedure, neuronavigation and the diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) of the corticospinal tract were used with the examination of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) with direct stimulation of the fundus of the fourth brain ventricle in order to define the localization of the nuclei of nerves VII, IX, X and XII...
2018: Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30066250/the-spectrum-of-brainstem-malformations-associated-to-mutations-of-the-tubulin-genes-family-mri-and-dti-analysis
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filippo Arrigoni, Romina Romaniello, Denis Peruzzo, Andrea Poretti, Maria Teresa Bassi, Carlo Pierpaoli, Enza Maria Valente, Sara Nuovo, Eugen Boltshauser, Thierry André Gerard Marie Huisman, Fabio Triulzi, Renato Borgatti
OBJECTIVES: To describe the spectrum of brainstem malformations associated to mutations in the tubulin genes taking advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Fifteen patients (six males; median age, 1.25 years; range, 1 month to 31 years) with mutations in the tubulin genes (TUBA1A = 8, TUBB2B = 4, TUBB3 = 3) studied with MRI and DTI were included in the study. Brain MR exams were reviewed to describe the malformative aspects of the brainstem...
February 2019: European Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30008021/dynamics-of-seizure-induced-behavioral-and-autonomic-arousal
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emilia Toth, Ganne Chaitanya, Michael Pogwizd, Diana Pizarro, Adeel Ilyas, Steven Pogwizd, Sandipan Pati
PURPOSE: Arousal is the most primitive, powerful instinct with survival benefit present in all vertebrates. Even though the arousal systems are classically viewed as "ascending" brainstem phenomena, there is a "descending" cortical feedback system that maintains consciousness. In this study, we provide electrophysiological confirmation that seizures localized to the anterior cingulum can behaviorally manifest as paroxysms of arousal from sleep. METHODS: Temporal dynamics of arousal induced by anterior cingulate seizures were analyzed by using multiple modalities including stereoelectroencephalography (phase lag index and phase amplitude coupling), lead-1 ECG (point-process heart rate variability analysis) and diffusion tractography (DTI)...
April 2019: Clinical Autonomic Research: Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29547081/surgical-outcome-of-motor-deficits-and-neurological-status-in-brainstem-cavernous-malformations-based-on-preoperative-diffusion-tensor-imaging-a-prospective-randomized-clinical-trial
#25
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Da Li, Yu-Ming Jiao, Liang Wang, Fu-Xin Lin, Jun Wu, Xian-Zeng Tong, Shuo Wang, Yong Cao
OBJECTIVE: Surgical management of brainstem lesions is challenging due to the highly compact, eloquent anatomy of the brainstem. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs). METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed by using stratified blocked randomization. The primary eligibility criterion of the study was being a surgical candidate for brainstem CMs (with informed consent)...
March 16, 2018: Journal of Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28140499/deterministic-tractography-of-the-descending-tract-of-the-spinal-trigeminal-nerve-using-diffusion-tensor-imaging
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel J Burkett, Jonathan R Garst, Jacquelyn P Hill, Anthony Kam, Douglas E Anderson
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pain information from the face enters the pons via the trigeminal nerve before creating an anatomical "elbow" that turns caudally into the spinal trigeminal tract (SpTV). Visualization of the descending tract of the trigeminal nerve as it begins its descent from the nerve root entry zone (NREZ) in the pons would improve the accuracy of current procedures aimed at altering or lesioning the trigeminal nerve within the brainstem. The focus of this study was to develop a standardized protocol using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and deterministic tractography methods to image the SpTV...
September 2017: Journal of Neuroimaging: Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28003162/amygdalar-and-hippocampal-connections-with-brainstem-and-spinal-cord-a-diffusion-mri-study-in-human-brain
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Arrigo, Enricomaria Mormina, Alessandro Calamuneri, Michele Gaeta, Silvia Marino, Demetrio Milardi, Giuseppe Pio Anastasi, Angelo Quartarone
The limbic system has a central role for the integration of several cognitive and visceral functions through an extended network of connections involving the hippocampus and the amygdala. A number of studies performed in humans have been dedicated to the investigation of supratentorial limbic pathways by means of non-invasive MRI approaches, such as DTI. However, detection of possible limbic connections involving the brainstem and the spinal cord is still missing. Subtentorial limbic pathways have been previously studied in animals by means of invasive approaches, including viral tracing...
February 20, 2017: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27659483/the-corticospinal-tract-profile-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessia Sarica, Antonio Cerasa, Paola Valentino, Jason Yeatman, Maria Trotta, Stefania Barone, Alfredo Granata, Rita Nisticò, Paolo Perrotta, Franco Pucci, Aldo Quattrone
This work evaluates the potential in diagnostic application of a new advanced neuroimaging method, which delineates the profile of tissue properties along the corticospinal tract (CST) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), by means of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-four ALS patients and twenty-four demographically matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ), a tool for the automatic reconstruction of white matter tract profiles, based on a deterministic tractography algorithm to automatically identify the CST and quantify its diffusion properties, was used...
February 2017: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27399565/368%C3%A2-anatomy-and-white-matter-connections-of-the-orbitofrontal-gyrus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua Dee Burks, Phillip A Bonney, Andrew K P Conner, Chad A Glenn, Robert G Briggs, Lillian B Boettcher, Daniel L OʼDonoghue, Dee H Wu, Michael Edward Sughrue
INTRODUCTION: The orbitofrontal cortex is understood to have a role in outcome evaluation and risk assessment, and is commonly involved by infiltrative tumors. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white tracts could go far to prevent postoperative morbidity related to declining capacity. Through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, we have characterized these connections based on relationships to other well-known structures...
August 2016: Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27312394/the-usefulness-of-diffusion-tensor-imaging-and-tractography-in-surgery-of-brainstem-cavernous-malformations
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jacob Januszewski, Lauren Albert, Karen Black, Amir R Dehdashti
BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) estimates the course and connectivity patterns of white matter tracts. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether findings in the brain stem modify the preoperative surgical trajectory planning or postoperative outcome in patients with brain stem cavernous malformations. METHODS: Ten patients with symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformation underwent surgical resection. Five patients received preoperative DTI evaluation and the remaining 5 did not...
September 2016: World Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26679189/horizontal-nystagmus-and-multiple-sclerosis-using-3-tesla-magnetic-resonance-imaging
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P M Iyer, A J Fagan, J F Meaney, N C Colgan, S D Meredith, D O Driscoll, K M Curran, D Bradley, J Redmond
BACKGROUND: Nystagmus in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally attributed to brainstem disease. Lesions in other regions may result in nystagmus. The identification of these other sites is enhanced by using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3TMRI) due to increased signal-to-noise ratio. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the distribution of structural lesions and disruption of tracts in patients with horizontal nystagmus secondary to MS using 3TMRI...
November 2016: Irish Journal of Medical Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26248618/brainstem-white-matter-integrity-is-related-to-loss-of-consciousness-and-postconcussive-symptomatology-in-veterans-with-chronic-mild-to-moderate-traumatic-brain-injury
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Delano-Wood, K J Bangen, S F Sorg, A L Clark, D M Schiehser, N Luc, M W Bondi, M Werhane, R T Kim, E D Bigler
We investigated associations between DTI indices of three brainstem white matter tracts, traumatic brain injury (TBI) injury characteristics, and postconcussive symptomatology (PCS) in a well-characterized sample of veterans with history of mild to moderate TBI (mTBI). 58 military veterans (mTBI: n = 38, mean age = 33.2, mean time since injury = 90.9 months; military controls [MC]; n = 20; mean age = 29.4) were administered 3T DTI scans as well as a comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation including evaluation of TBI injury characteristics and PCS symptoms (e...
September 2015: Brain Imaging and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25885466/ipsilateral-hemiparesis-caused-by-putaminal-hemorrhage-in-a-patient-with-horizontal-gaze-palsy-with-progressive-scoliosis-a-case-report
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuhei Yamada, Yoshiko Okita, Tomoko Shofuda, Ema Yoshioka, Masahiro Nonaka, Kosuke Mori, Shin Nakajima, Yonehiro Kanemura
BACKGROUND: Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ROBO3 gene, resulting in a critical absence of crossing fibers in the brainstem. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a patient with ipsilateral hemiparesis caused by putaminal hemorrhage who had a history of horizontal gaze paralysis and scoliosis since childhood. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography confirmed the presence of uncrossed corticospinal tracts...
2015: BMC Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25749578/quantification-of-corticospinal-tracts-with-diffusion-tensor-imaging-in-brainstem-surgery-prognostic-value-in-14-consecutive-cases-at-3t-magnetic-resonance-imaging
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuqiang Yao, Nils H Ulrich, Roman Guggenberger, Yahea A Alzarhani, Helmut Bertalanffy, Spyros S Kollias
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the potential prognostic role of morphologic and quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with brainstem cavernoma (BSC) in terms of postoperative outcome. METHODS: In this retrospective study of 14 brainstem cavernoma patients, we analyzed pre- and postoperative DTI data. White matter tractography of corticospinal tracts (CSTs) was performed with the Fiber Assignment by Continuous Tracking algorithm, and morphologic characteristics of CSTs were compared with clinically assessed motor strength...
June 2015: World Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25641684/white-matter-microstructure-in-chronic-moderate-to-severe-traumatic-brain-injury-impact-of-acute-phase-injury-related-variables-and-associations-with-outcome-measures
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A K Håberg, A Olsen, K G Moen, K Schirmer-Mikalsen, E Visser, T G Finnanger, K A I Evensen, T Skandsen, A Vik, L Eikenes
This study examines how injury mechanisms and early neuroimaging and clinical measures impact white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volumes in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how WM integrity in the chronic phase is associated with different outcome measures obtained at the same time. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T was acquired more than 1 year after TBI in 49 moderate-to-severe-TBI survivors and 50 matched controls. DTI data were analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics and automated tractography...
July 2015: Journal of Neuroscience Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25574568/the-utility-of-preoperative-diffusion-tensor-imaging-in-the-surgical-management-of-brainstem-cavernous-malformations
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bruno C Flores, Anthony R Whittemore, Duke S Samson, Samuel L Barnett
OBJECT: Resection of brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) may reduce the risk of stepwise neurological deterioration secondary to hemorrhage, but the morbidity of surgery remains high. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) are neuroimaging techniques that may assist in the complex surgical planning necessary for these lesions. The authors evaluate the utility of preoperative DTI and DTT in the surgical management of BSCMs and their correlation with functional outcome...
March 2015: Journal of Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25407831/impact-of-dti-tractography-on-surgical-planning-for-resection-of-a-pediatric-pre-pontine-neurenteric-cyst-a-case-discussion-and-literature-review
#37
REVIEW
Paul V Birinyi, Sarah Bieser, Martin Reis, Miguel A Guzman, Ashima Agarwal, Mohamed S Abdel-Baki, Samer K Elbabaa
We report a case of a four-year-old male who presented with symptoms of brainstem compression and lower cranial nerve neuropathies. MRI revealed a large, pre-pontine mass causing brainstem compression with an uncertain intra-axial component. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography and other imaging modalities, we were able to confirm that the lesion was extra-axial and did not involve the corticospinal tracts. In addition, DTI tractography illustrated that corticospinal tracts were displaced to the right obligating a left-sided approach...
March 2015: Child's Nervous System: ChNS: Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25287016/ataxia-and-tremor-due-to-lesions-involving-cerebellar-projection-pathways-a-dti-tractographic-study-in-six-patients
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Marek, S Paus, N Allert, B Mädler, T Klockgether, H Urbach, V A Coenen
Focal lesions of brainstem, thalamus, and subcortical white matter may cause movement disorders that are clinically indistinguishable from cerebellar symptoms. It is suspected that ataxia in these cases is due to damage of efferent or afferent pathways of the cerebellum. However, the precise anatomical correlate often remains undefined. We used deterministic diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) tractography to study the anatomical relationship between lesions causing ataxia and efferent cerebellar pathways...
January 2015: Journal of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24801720/brainstem-cavernoma-surgery-with-the-support-of-pre-and-postoperative-diffusion-tensor-imaging-initial-experiences-and-clinical-course-of-23-patients
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nils H Ulrich, Ralf A Kockro, David Bellut, Christina Amaxopoulou, Oliver Bozinov, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Johannes Sarnthein, Spyros S Kollias, Helmut Bertalanffy
The spatial complexity of highly vulnerable structures makes surgical resection of brainstem cavernomas (BSC) a challenging procedure. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows for the visualization of white matter tracts and enables a better understanding of the anatomical location of corticospinal and sensory tracts before and after surgery.We investigated the feasibility and clinical usefulness of DTI-based fiber tractography in patients with BSC.Pre- and postoperative DTI visualization of corticospinal and sensory tracts were retrospectively analyzed in 23 individuals with BSC...
July 2014: Neurosurgical Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24706734/the-corticospinal-tract-in-huntington-s-disease
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
O Phillips, F Squitieri, C Sanchez-Castaneda, F Elifani, A Griguoli, V Maglione, C Caltagirone, U Sabatini, M Di Paola
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by progressive motor impairment. Therefore, the connectivity of the corticospinal tract (CST), which is the main white matter (WM) pathway that conducts motor impulses from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord, merits particular attention. WM abnormalities have already been shown in presymptomatic (Pre-HD) and symptomatic HD subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the present study, we examined CST microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based tractography in 30-direction DTI data collected from 100 subjects: Pre-HD subjects (n = 25), HD patients (n = 25) and control subjects (n = 50), and T2*-weighted (iron sensitive) imaging...
September 2015: Cerebral Cortex
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