Perimetry

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of steady state pattern electroretinogram (ss-PERG) in detecting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction in glaucoma suspects (GS) who had normal 24-2 Humphrey Visual Fields (HFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of GS patients who were identified based on optic disc appearance with normal HFAs. Patients received a complete eye examination, standard automated perimetry (SAP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ss-PERG measurements...

OBJECTIVE: To compare multimodal structural and functional diagnostic methods in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with hydroxychloroquine, to identify the best complementary approach for detecting subclinical retinal toxicity. METHODS: A cross-sectional, unicentric study was conducted on patients with SLE treated with hydroxychloroquine. Each patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, comprising structural tests (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), en face OCT, en face OCT angiography (OCTA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF)) and functional tests (automated perimetry for visual field (VF) testing, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG))...

Paraneoplastic vision loss, which represents a small percentage of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, can be a blinding disease. Presenting visual symptoms are variable, making diagnosis challenging. History of the presenting illness, ocular examination, and utilization of various modalities, such as automated perimetry, ocular coherence tomography, and electroretinogram allow for localization of vision loss to the optic nerves or retina, guiding in diagnosis and management. Paraneoplastic vision loss is often painless, bilateral, and subacute, and accompanies other neurologic symptoms but can be the first presenting symptom...

PURPOSE: To compare diagnostic power for different severities of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of two-dimensional macular pigment optical densities (2D-MPOD) and spatially matched objective perimetry, with standard perimetry and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). METHODS: The ObjectiveField Analyser (OFA) provided objective perimetry, and a Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) measured 2D-MPOD in AMD patients, both completed twice over 0...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to describe the genotype and phenotype of a Mexican cohort with PCARE -related retinal disease. METHODS: The study included 14 patients from 11 unrelated pedigrees with retinal dystrophies who were demonstrated to carry biallelic pathogenic variants in PCARE . Visual assessment methods included best corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography, Goldmann visual field test, kinetic perimetry, dark/light adapted chromatic perimetry, full-field electroretinography, autofluorescence imaging, and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography imaging...

Detecting deterioration of visual field sensitivity measurements is important for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. This review surveys the current methods for assessing progression that are implemented in clinical devices, which have been used in clinical trials, alongside more recent advances proposed in the literature. Advice is also offered to clinicians on what they can do to improve the collection of perimetric data to help analytical progression methods more accurately predict change. This advice includes a discussion of how frequently visual field testing should be undertaken, with a view towards future developments, such as digital healthcare outside the standard clinical setting and more personalised approaches to perimetry...

PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular and retinal features of CRB1-associated early onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber congenital amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA) for age-related changes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Sixteen pediatric patients with biallelic CRB1 EOSRD/LCA who had been followed for up to 18 years were reviewed. Results of comprehensive ophthalmic examinations-including visual acuity, refractive error, dark-adapted visual threshold, Goldmann perimetry, and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT)-were analyzed for significant age-related changes using mixed-effects models...

PURPOSE: To compare the relationship between macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) thickness and 10-2 visual field (VF) sensitivity using different stimulus sizes in patients with temporal hemianopia from chiasmal compression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 eyes from 25 patients with temporal VF loss on 24-2 SITA standard automated perimetry due to previous chiasmal compression and 30 healthy eyes (23 controls). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macular area and 10-2 VF testing using Goldmann stimulus size I (GI), II (GII), and III (GIII) were performed in the Octopus 900 perimeter...

Unilateral proptosis can be a sign of a potential threat to vision or life. Here, we report a case of unilateral proptosis with bilateral asymmetrical compressive optic neuropathy. A 36-year-old Malaysian indigenous female presented with painless right-eye proptosis associated with progressive blurring of vision for the past month. She had painless progressive left-eye vision loss for eight years. There was marked right-eye proptosis with partial ophthalmoplegia. The optic nerve functions were significantly reduced in the left eye with a positive relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)...

Clinical imaging provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its variant, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), has revolutionised eyecare practice. The imaging techniques allow for the identification and quantification of ocular structures, supporting the diagnosis and prognosis of eye disease. In this review, an overview of the usefulness of OCT-A imaging in the diagnosis and management of a range of ocular conditions is provided when used in isolation or in combination with other imaging modalities and measures of visual function (visual field results)...

CONTEXT: Various systems are available to stage glaucomatous field defects into different severity grades. Still, the preference for such systems among Indian eye care practitioners (ECPs) and the consensus between them are not explored. PURPOSE: To compare the clinical performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and to assess their preference patterns among Indian ECPs. SETTING AND DESIGN: Retro-prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Three investigators stratified 400 perimetry reports using four systems: Hodapp Anderson Parrish (HAP), enhanced Glaucoma Severity Staging (eGSS), Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS), and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether functional upper eyelid malposition is associated with unrecognized deficits in automated perimetry among glaucoma patients by examining patients undergoing eyelid surgery who had not been identified as requiring eyelid taping during glaucoma field testing. METHODS: In this retrospective pre-post study, an automated database search followed by manual chart review was used to identify eligible patients from January 2012 to March 2020...

Alexia is an acquired reading disorder known as pure alexia or alexia without agraphia when unaccompanied by other higher-level deficits. We present the case of a 40-year-old man experiencing a sudden-onset headache and blurred vision. Despite an absence of known medical history, the patient exhibited a distinctive difficulty in reading without impairing other language aspects accompanied by a right superior homonymous quadrantanopia. Through comprehensive ophthalmological and neurological evaluations, a diagnosis of pure alexia was established...

PURPOSE: To determine normal threshold values for the 24-2 program of the VisuALL-K (Olleyes, Inc), a portable static automated virtual reality perimeter that uses a video game-based testing modality on an updated version of the algorithm and to repeat the test to assess retest variability. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 19 participants (aged 8 to 17 years) with healthy afferent systems. Participants performed two 24-2 automated perimetry tests on the virtual reality perimeter device...

PURPOSE: Chorioretinal atrophy growth after voretigene neparvovec has been reported recently with its positive correlation with successful treatment. This finding raised the question on long-term effects and the etiology of the chorioretinal atrophy. METHODS: Using local retinal functional diagnostics, we tested whether the atrophy growth is connected to the initial local functional improvement after the therapy. RESULTS: The results describe factors predicting the development of atrophy...

BACKGROUND/AIM: While intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression, the ultimate goal of glaucoma management is to preserve patients' functional vision and quality of life. To this end, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGSs) aim to reduce IOP with minimal eye trauma. Commonly used MIGS devices include iStent technologies, which have well-documented IOP-reducing potential and favourable safety profiles. However, no study concluded on their effect on the rates of visual field (VF) changes...

Vision specialists will benefit from increased awareness of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) syndrome. Failure to adequately identify the chief complaint as a visual symptom may lead to incorrect diagnosis or diagnostic delay. A previously healthy, 59-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of 'losing her stuff'. Upon psychiatric and neuro-ophthalmological evaluation, this symptom was better recognised as a feature of visual agnosia and simultanagnosia. She also presented with multiple previously unrecognised symptoms indicative of higher visual processing dysfunction, such as alexia without agraphia, ocular motor apraxia, optic ataxia, prosopagnosia, akinetopsia and topographagnosia, so further assessment to investigate for PCA was carried out...

INTRODUCTION: Indirect carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) can lead to secondary glaucoma, posing significant treatment challenges. This paper discusses a case where standard embolization failed, and an Ahmed FP7 valved glaucoma tube shunt was crucial for managing the increased intraocular pressure (IOP), highlighting the necessity for individualized surgical approaches. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old female presented in the emergency department with conjunctival hyperemia, proptosis and elevated IOP; initial imaging findings were indicative of orbital inflammatory disease...

PURPOSE: To explore the mechanisms of cone sensitivity loss in retinitis pigmentosa by combining two-colour perimetry with threshold versus intensity (tvi) testing. METHODS: Seven subjects with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and 10 normal subjects were recruited and underwent perimetric testing of one eye using 480- and 640-nm Goldman size V targets presented under scotopic conditions (no background illumination) and against a white background ranging in luminance from -1...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a key method for diagnosing and staging radiation retinopathy, based mainly on the presence of fluid in the central macula. A robust retinal layer segmentation method is required for identification of the specific layers involved in radiation-induced pathology in individual eyes over time, in order to determine damage driven by radiation injury to the microvessels and to the inner retinal neurons. Here, we utilized OCT, OCT-angiography, visual field testing, and patient-specific dosimetry models to analyze abnormal retinal layer thickening and thinning relative to microvessel density, visual function, radiation dose, and time from radiotherapy in a cross-sectional cohort of uveal melanoma patients treated with 125 I-plaque brachytherapy...